Bones and

formation of the
skull

Students :
Turki Nabeel Akbar – 2036789

Abdulaziz Abdulqader – 2036733

Salem Helal - 2036312

Nayr Abdulsalam Khotani - 2037190

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- What is a bone ? .
- Bone’s structure and tissue type .
Objectives : - Types of bone .
- What is a skull? .
- Skull view .
- Function of the skull .
- Bones of the skull .
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 What is a bone ?
Definition : Bone is the substance that forms the
skeleton of the body .

- It is composed chiefly of calcium phosphate and

calcium carbonate

- It also serves as a storage area for calcium, playing a

large role in calcium balance in the blood
 Bone’s Structure and Tissue type
There are two types of bone tissue :
Compact and Spongy Bone’s

Compact : bone consists of closely packed Spongy (cancellous) : bone is lighter and
osteons or haversian systems. less dense than compact bone.

- The osteon consists of a central canal called the - Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae)
osteonic (haversian) canal, which is surrounded by and bars of bone adjacent to small ,irregular
concentric rings (lamellae) of matrix cavities that contain red bone marrow
 Types of Bones
Long bones : They consist of a long shaft with two bulky
ends or extremities
- They are primarily compact bone but may have a large amount of
spongy bone at the ends or extremities.

- Long bones include bones of the thigh, leg, arm, and forearm

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Short bones : roughly cube shaped with vertical and horizontal

dimensions approximately equal

. They consist primarily of spongy bone, which is covered by a thin layer

of compact bone. Short bones include the bones of the wrist and ankle
Type of bone
Flat bones are thin,
flattened, and usually curved.
Most of the bones of the
cranium are flat bones
 Type of bones

Irregular bones :
Bones that are not in any of the above three
categories are classified as irregular bones.

- They are primarily spongy bone that is

covered with a thin layer of compact bone.

- The vertebrae and some of the bones in

the skull are irregular bones
WHAT IS THE SKULL ?
What is the SKULL ?
- The skull is a bony structure that forms
the head in vertebrates. It supports the
structures of the face and provides a
protective cavity for the brain.
- The skull is composed of two parts
1- Cranium
2 - Mandible.
- In humans these sensory structures are
part of the facial skeleton
Function of the - The main function of the bones of the skull
along with the surrounded meninges, is to
skull provide protection and structure Protection to
the brain (cerebellum, cerebrum, brainstem)
and orbits of the eyes.
- Structurally it provides an anchor for
tendinous and muscular attachments of the
muscles of the scalp and face.
- The skull also protects various nerves and
vessels that feed and innervate the brain,
facial muscles, and skin .
 Bones of the SKULL
The adult human skull is comprised of twenty-two bones which are divided into two parts of
differing embryological origin .

1- The Cranial Bones

- The neurocranium forms the cranial cavity that

surrounds and protects the brain and brainstem

- formed from the occipital bone, two temporal bones,

two parietal bones, the sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal
bones; they are all joined together with sutures..
 Bones of the SKULL
THE CRANIAL BONES
Frontal bone – It is the bone extending from the forehead to the
coronal suture. It forms a joint with the parietal bones.

Ethmoid bone – It is the bone inside the eye cavity just behind the
bridge of the nose. It is small and rectangular in shape.

Occipital bone – it forms the back of the head. It connects with

the occipital condyles and foramen magnum.

Parietal bone – It is the bone at the side of the skull.

Sphenoid bone – it is located just underneath the frontal bone

just behind the eye cavities and nose.

Temporal bone – It forms the inside of the sides of the skull. It is

where the cheekbone, ear canal, styloid and mastoid process,
and the two points of the temporal bone are located
Bones of the SKULL
2- The Facial Bones

- The FACIAL bones form the anterior and lower regions of the
skull and include the mandible, which attaches through the
only truly motile joint found in the skull.

- The facial skeleton contains the vomer, two nasal

conchae, two nasal bones, two maxilla, the mandible,
two palatine bones, two zygomatic bones, and two
lacrimal bones
 The end
Thank you for your Attention
 Refernce
- https://www.medicinenet.com/bone/definition.htm

- https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/tissue.html

- https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/classification.html

https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundles
s)/7%3A_Skeletal_System_-
_Parts_of_the_Skeleton/7.1%3A_The_Skull/7.1A%3A_General_Features_and_Functions_of_the_Skull

- https://human-memory.net/skull/