A Mircoproject report on

Developed Circuits for Distances measurement

using ultrasonic sensor.

Submitted in partial fulfillment for

Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Government Polytechnic Yavatmal.
Submitted by-
1. Aditi Ajankar (2101350313)
2. Rani Lokhande(2101350336)
3. Piyush Rathod (2101350350)
4. Harshada Rathod (2201350351)

Project Guide

Mr. S. K. Tiwari

Course: ESY (22532) Academic year: 2023-24

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a Mircoproject titled “Developed Circuits for Distances measurement
using ultrasonic sensor.” has been duly completed by the following students in satisfactory manner
as part of the course ESY (22532) in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering department,
Government Polytechnic, Yavatmal.

Submitted By:

1. Aditi Ajankar (2101350313)

2. Rani Lokhande(2101350336)
3. Piyush Rathod (2101350350)
4. Harshada Rathod (2101350351)

Project Guide HOD Principal

Mr. S. K. Tiwari Dr. S. S. Dalu Dr. R. P. Mogre
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

It is an incident of pleasure for submitting this Micro-Project We take this opportunity to

express our deep sense of gratitude and great thanks to guide us Mr. S. K. Tiwari who has been
a constant source of guidance and inspiration through the micro-project work. We shall ever be
grateful to him for the encouragement and suggestion given by him time to time. It is grateful to
thanks all teaching members of Electronics and Telecommunication Department and sincere
thanks to our guide Dr. S. S. Dalu who always inspire us. We also thank our friends and library
staff members whose encouragement and suggestion helped us to complete our micro-project.
Last but not least we are thankful to our parents whose best wishes are with us.

Branch: Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

 Annexure - I

Micro-Project Proposal
Title of Micro-Project: Prepare report on distances measurement using ultrasonic sensor

1.0 Aim/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by sending and receiving the ultrasonic wave. The
ultrasonic sensor has a sender to emit the ultrasonic waves and a receiver to receive the
ultrasonic waves. The transmitted ultrasonic wave travels through the air and is reflected by
hitting the Object.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed:

b. Use ‘Embedded C’ programming language to maintain embedded systems.

3.0 Proposed Methodology:

To create a circuit “Distances Measurement using ultrasonic sensor.” firstly, we collected

all the material and information via standard books and internet. After collecting required
material and information, we started our circuit .Then we wrote a report and showed it to our
course faculty and asked for the necessary correction if required. Then we finalized the circuit
report and submitted to the course Faculty.
4.0 Action Plan:

Sr. No. Details of Activity Planned Planned Name of

Start date Finish date Responsible
Team
Members
Week 1 Topic Selection 22/08/22 26/08/22 All Members

Week 2 Literature Review 29/08/22 02/09/22 All Members

Week 3 Confirmation of topic 05/09/22 09/09/22 All Members

Week 4 Make the list of required 12/09/22 16/09/22 All Members

components
Week 5 Purchase the 19/09/22 23/09/22 All Members
components
Week 6 Understood the working 26/09/22 30/09/22 All Members
of topic
Week 7 Analyse all the 03/10/22 07/10/22 All Members
components required for
the circuit
implementation
Week 8 Implementation on 10/10/22 14/10/22 All Members
breadboard
Week 9 Report writing 17/10/22 21/10/22 All Members

Week 10 Made final report 24/10/22 28/10/22 All Members

Week 11 Preparing PowerPoint 31/10/22 04/11/22 All Members

presentation
Week 12 Made final presentation 07/11/22 11/11/22 All Members

Week 13 Confirmation of Report 14/11/22 18/11/22 All Members

and Presentation

Week 14 Confirmation of Report 21/11/22 25/11/22 All Members

and Presentation
Week 15 Viva 28/11/22 02/12/22 All Members

Week 16 Final submission 05/12/22 09/12/22 All Members

5.0 Resource Required

Sr. Name of Specification Qty

No. Resources/Material
1. Ultrasonic sensor 1
2. LED Red & green 1
3. PCB General purpose 1
4. Connecting wires Single stand As per
required

Name of Team Members with Roll No.

1. Aditi Ajankar (05)
2. Rani Lokhande (13)
3. Piyush Rathod (19)
4. Harshada Rathod (29)
 Annexure - II
Micro-Project Report
Title of Micro-Project: Prepare report on Distance Measurement using Ultrasonic sensor.

1.0 Rationale:

Ultrasonic sensors are non-intrusive in that they do not require physical contact with their
target, and can detect certain clear or shiny targets otherwise obscured to some vision-based
sensors.

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by sending and receiving the ultrasonic wave. The
ultrasonic sensor has a sender to emit the ultrasonic waves and a receiver to receive the
ultrasonic waves. The transmitted ultrasonic wave travels through the air and is reflected by
hitting the Object.

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved:

b. Use ‘Embedded C’ programming language to maintain embedded systems.

4.0 Literature Review:

In this Micro Project we have gathered all the information by using different types of
educational resources like reference book, internet.
Professional Website: www.wikipedia.c , www.ardino.com and www.slideshare.com .
5.0 Actual Methodology Followed:
To create a circuit on “Distances Measurement using ultrasonic sensor.” firstly, we
collected all the material and information via standard books and internet. After collecting
required material and information, we started our circuit. Then we wrote a report and showed
it to our course faculty and asked for the necessary correction if required. Then we finalized
the circuit report and submitted to the course Faculty.

6.0 Actual Resources Used:

Sr. Name of Specification Qty

No. Resources/Material
1. Ultrasonic sensor 1
2. LED Red & green 4
3. PCB General purpose 1
4. Connecting wires Single stands As per
required
7.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project:

Working:-

An ultrasonic Sensor is a device used to measure the distance between the sensor and an
object without physical contact. This device works based on time-to-distance conversion.
Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by sending and receiving the ultrasonic wave.

Advantages :-
 It has sensing capability to sense all the material types.
 This sensor is not affected due to atmospheric dust, rain, snow etc.
 It can work in any adverse conditions.
 It has higher sensing distance (in centimetres and inches) compare to
inductive/capacitive proximity sensor types.

Disadvantages:-
 It is very sensitive to variation in the temperature.
 It has more difficulties in reading reflections from soft, curved and thin as well as a small
object.
 These sensors have a base detecting distance.
 It required careful attention for an experienced technician.
Program:-
#include <reg51.h>
Sbit Echo = P3^6;
Sbit Trig = P3^7;
Sbit led1 = P2^3;
Sbit led2 = P2^4;
Sbit led3 = P2^5;
Sbit led4 = P2^6;
Sbit led5 = P2^7;
Void delay us(unsigned int us)//This function provide delay in us uS.
{
While(us--);
}
Void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)//This function Provide delay in ms Ms.
{
Unsigned int I j
For(i=0;i<ms;i++)
For(j=0;j<127;j++);
}
Void main()
{
Unsigned int Count,Time,rfl;
Echo = Trig = 0;
TMOD = 0x01;//Timer 0 in 16-bit mode
Serial_Init();
While (1) {
Trig = 1;//Send 10us start pulse to HC-SR04 as per datasheet of HCSR04
Delay us(10);//~10us delay
Trig = 0;
While(Echo == 0);//Wait for Rising edge at Echo pin
TR0=1;//Start Timer
TL0=TH0=0;//Clear timer count register
While(Echo == 1)//Wait for Falling edge at Echo pin
{
If(TF0 == 1)//timer over if no obstacle is detected
Break;
}
TR0=0;//Stop Timer.
TF0 = 0;//clear Timer Over Flow Flag
Count = TL0 + TH0*256;//Calculate number of count
Time = Count*1.085;//Calculate total time in uS.
Rfl = Time/58;//As per datasheet of HC-SR04 Distance is in
Centimetre
If(rfl<=30)
{
Led1 = 1;
Led2 = 0;
Led3 = 0;
Led4 = 0;
Led5 = 0;
}
else if(rfl>=30 && rfl<=60)
{
led1 = 1;
led2 = 1;
led3 = 0;
led4 = 0;
led5 = 0;
}
else if(rfl>=60 && rfl<=90)
{
Led1 = 1;
Led2 = 1;
Led3 = 1;
Led4 = 0;
Led5 = 0;
}
else if(rfl>=90 && rfl<=120)
{
Led1 = 1;
Led2 = 1;
Led3 = 1;
Led4 = 1;
Led5 = 0;
}
else if(rfl>=120)
{
Led1 = 1;
Led2 = 1;
Led3 = 1;
Led4 = 1;
Led5 = 1;
}
}

Applications:-
Distance sensors are commonly used in robotics, automation, and other applications where
accurate distance measurements are necessary. They can be used for obstacle detection, object
tracking, and positioning, among other things
8.0 Skill Developed/Learning outcome of this Micro-Project:

1. Learned to work in group.

2. Learned to explain things.

9.0 Applications of this Micro-Projects:

Positioning of objects is a common application for Tough Sonic ultrasonic sensors. The
measured distance can be used to display, verify and/or control an object's position in real-
time. They are used in material handling and vehicle positioning applications, such as
vehicles on a scale, loading dock or car wash.