Tropical Cyclones

TROPOSPHERE
§ The atmosphere is the protective
layer of gases that shields every
organism on Earth from the
harmful effects of sunlight,
particularly the ultraviolet
radiation.
§ Among the layers of the
atmosphere, the troposphere is
exposed ground activities thus, it
is the site of weather
phenomena.
 TROPICAL CYCLONE

A rapidly rotating storm system

characterized by a low-
pressure center, a closed low-
level atmospheric circulation,
strong winds, and a spiral
arrangement of thunderstorms
that produce heavy rain or
squalls.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
TROPICAL
refers to its geographical
starting point, which is usually
hot and humid
CYCLONE
strong winds in the Northern
Hemisphere circulate counter-
clockwise and clockwise in
Southern Hemisphere.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS

• the temperature of the surface layer of ocean

water must be 26.5 °C or warmer, and this warm
layer must be at least 50 meters deep
TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS

• presence of
Intertropical
Convergence
Zone (ITCZ)
TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS
• enough Coriolis force,
causing cyclonic
rotation and sustaining
a low-pressure center,
TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS
• the merging of smaller
circulations within the ITCZ
TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS

• a pre-existing low-level disturbance

 TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION

A B C
Tropical Cyclone Formation: (A) rising of warm, moist air from the ocean; (B)
condensation of water and cloud formation; and (C) continuous building of heavy, thick
clouds with the eye as the result of Coriolis force.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
TROPICAL CYCLONE
Philippines is Prone to Typhoon
Typhoons in the Philippines
TYPHOONS
TYPHOONS
TYPHOONS
PAGASA & MITIGATION
weather processes
and
forecasting
PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBLITY
PAGASA uses the
term "Philippine
Area of
Responsibility"
(PAR) concerning
the weather
disturbances that
periodically hit
the country.
PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBLITY

Geographically, the Philippine

Area of Responsibility is bound by
an imaginary line that covers the
following coordinates: 25° - 120°E,
25°N - 135 E, 5°N-135°E, 5°N - 115°E,
15°N-115°E and 21°N - 120°E and
back where it started
PUBLIC STROM WARNING SIGNALS
Public Storm Warning
Signals or PSWS are
announcements given by
PAGASA in each region
affected by a tropical
cyclone. It forewarns
localities of the strength
and possible impacts of
the tropical cyclone.
WEATHER EQUIPMENT AND
INSTRUMENTS
WEATHER EQUIPMENT AND
INSTRUMENTS
WEATHER EQUIPMENT AND
INSTRUMENTS
WEATHER EQUIPMENT AND
INSTRUMENTS
WEATHER EQUIPMENT AND
INSTRUMENTS