Plant Biology – Aleksandra Olszewska

Part 1

1. A
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. D
12. B
13. A
14. D
15. B
16. C
17. B

Part 2

1. Explain how abiotic factors affect the rate of transpiration in terrestrial plants.
Abiotic factors affect the rate of transpiration in terrestrial plant’s by light, temperature,
humidity, and wind. Light activates the opening of the stoma, which releases water vapor
from the leaf. Temperature increases the kinetic energy of water molecules, which makes
evaporation diffusion out of the leaf more probable. Humidity lowers the concentration
gradient in water vapor which slows down the transpiration rate. Wind results in the lack of a
boundry layer of humid air around the leaf, which increases the rate of transpiration.
2. Describe how ATP is produced by photosystem II in the light-dependent stage of
photosynthesis.
ATP is produced through the process of photophosphorylation. Once light is absorbed in
photosystem II, it activates electrons in the center chlorophyll. The electrons are transported
to an electron transport chain, to spread protons in teh thylakoid membrane, and to create a
proton gradient. The protons go back through the membrane via ATP synthase. A phosphate
group attaches to ADP, resulting in the the production of ATP.
3. Outline the response of the phytochrome system to light as a measure to control flowering in
long-day plants.
Phytochrome has two forms, active and inactive. The inactive from change sinto the active
version when it absorbs red light. And the active form change sinto teh active form when it
absorbs far red light. The active form will also go back to the inactive from when there is no
light, as sunlight has more red light so the active form is more dominant during the day. As
opposed to the inactive form which is dominant during the night. Furthermore, only active
phytochrome can control flowering, as long day plants flower during long days, the need a
shorter night period.