EXAM INFORMATION:

SECTION DATE TIME ROOM

SNC 2DG - 02 Monday, January 29, 2024 8:10 - 10:30am 119

(1 ½ hours)

SNC 2DG -03 Tuesday, January 30, 2024 8:10 - 10:30am 119
(1 ½ hours)

EXAM COVERS:
UNIT STRAND TOPIC

1 Chemistry Chemical Reactions and Their Practical Applications

2 Physics Light and Applications of Optics

3 Biology Tissues, Organs, and Systems

4 Earth and Space Science Climate Change

AIDS FOR EXAM:

By Student

Writing Utensil (Pencil and Pen) Periodic Table/solubility chart/

polyatomics

Eraser

Calculator Optics Equations

Ruler and Protractor

THERE WILL BE NO SHARING OF MATERIALS!!!

 EXAM OUTLINE:
CATEGORY SECTION MARKS APPROX. TIME

KU/TI/C/A Multiple Choice 80 90 minutes

TOTAL 80 90 minutes

The exam is worth 10% of your final grade

STUDY TIPS:
∙ This is a review for concepts that you may have to know for the final exam. ∙ Go through the
checklist for each unit.
∙ Read your notes and the textbooks on the topics listed below
∙ Make sure you review AND understand the concepts. Do not just memorize everything. ∙
Practice the chapter and unit review questions (even ones that you have already done) ∙
Review the labs, quizzes, and tests you have done throughout the course.

CHEMISTRY – CHEMICAL REACTIONS

◻ Difference between physical and chemical change; evidence of a chemical change ◻ Atoms vs. Ions
(cations and anions) – be able to name them and to draw Bohr-Rutherford diagrams (or Lewis Dot
Diagrams)
◻ Trends of the Periodic Table – what do periods and groups tell you?
◻ Ionic compounds – forming, naming, drawing and identifying
them;
◻ Polyatomic ionic compounds – forming, naming, and identifying
them
◻ Molecular compounds – forming, naming, drawing, and identifying
them; diatomic molecules; common names for various molecular
compound
◻ Law of Conservation of Mass – reactants vs. products
◻ Writing and Balancing Equations – recall how to count atoms
◻ Types of Chemical Reactions – be able to identify them and to
predict products
◻ Acids and Bases – be familiar with the properties of both; how to name and identify them;
◻ pH Scale and relationship between [H+] and pH
◻ Neutralization and Examples

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the relationship between the number of neutrons, electrons, protons, atomic number and
atomic mass.
2. Set up a chart to compare metals and nonmetals with respect to the following: location in the periodic
table, state, number of electrons in their outer orbit, tendency to lose or gain electrons, charges of ions
formed and examples of each.
3. How many electrons can the first, second and third electron shells hold?
4. Name the chemical families found on the periodic table. Explain which family is most reactive? Least
reactive?
5. Draw Lewis dot diagrams for the atoms of the following elements: sodium, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur
6. Draw Lewis dot diagrams for the ions of the following elements: calcium, fluorine, magnesium,
oxygen
7. How do metals form ionic compounds with nonmetals? Show using Lewis dot diagrams, how a
compound is formed between the following pairs of elements. Provide the chemical name and
formula.
(A) oxygen and lithium (B) calcium and fluorine (C) potassium and nitrogen
8. What is the difference between ionic, polyatomic and molecular compounds? In your own words
summarize the rules for writing the formulas for each type.
9. Write the formulas for the compounds formed by the following combinations of elements. Determine
if the compound is ionic or molecular.
(A) lithium and fluorine (E) silicon and oxygen (I) oxygen and fluorine (B) calcium and
bromine (F) nitrogen and hydrogen (J) carbon and chlorine (C) sodium and nitrogen (G)
phosphorus and chlorine
(D) aluminum and nitrogen (H) sulfur and bromine
10. Write formulas for the following compounds:
(A) sodium iodide (F) copper (II) bromide (K) calcium chlorate (B) beryllium fluoride (G)
copper (I) bromide (L) potassium chlorate (C) magnesium oxide (H) iron (II) sulfide (M)
aluminum hydroxide (D) aluminum sulfide (I) sodium phosphate (N) beryllium nitrate (E)
magnesium bicarbonate (J) nickel carbonate
11. Write the names of the following compounds:
(A) KCl (D) CaF2 (G) SnCl4 (J) K2CO3 (M) Al(HCO3)3 (B) Na3P (E) SnCl2 (H) PbBr2 (K) Na2SO4 (N)
CBr4 (C) P2O5 (F) NI3 (I) OF2 (L) SiCl4
12. State the Law of Conservation of Mass? How is this law explained in terms of atoms?
13. In your own words, write the rules for balancing equations.
14. For each of the following,
i. Write the proper skeleton equation (include states!)
ii. Balance it to form a balanced chemical equation
iii. State type of reaction
(A) copper(II) oxide + hydrogen gas→ copper + water
(B) lead(II) nitrate + potassium iodide → lead(II) iodide + potassium nitrate
(C) calcium + water → calcium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
(D) lead(II) sulfide + oxygen gas→ lead + sulfur dioxide
(E) hydrogen sulfide → hydrogen gas + sulfur
(F) hydrogen gas + oxygen gas → water vapour
(G) zinc carbonate → zinc oxide + carbon dioxide
(H) copper + silver nitrate → silver + copper(II) nitrate
15. Predict the products and write a balanced chemical equation for each of the
following: (A) zinc + hydrochloric acid →
(B) calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid →
(C) aluminum + copper(II) chloride →
(D) iron + oxygen gas →
(E) sodium iodide →
(F) ethane (C2H6) + oxygen →
16. During a double displacement reaction involving 2 aqueous solutions, a possible product is an
insoluble solid. What is this solid known as?
17. What do the symbols + and → mean in a chemical equation?
18. What are the indicators that a chemical change has occurred?
19. Explain what the term pH means. What is the range of the pH scale? Explain 20. How the values on
a pH scale are related to each other in terms of being more or less acidic or basic. 21. State the
properties of acids and bases.
22. What is meant by the term neutralization when dealing with acids and bases? Give examples to show
how this type of reaction works.

PHYSICS – LIGHT AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS

◻ Properties of Electromagnetic waves (radiation) – wavelength vs. energy etc. ◻
Electromagnetic Spectrum – order from highest to lowest wavelength and energy level ◻
Visible Spectrum – ROYGBIV (wavelength vs. energy)
◻ Laws of Reflection – incident rays, reflective rays, angle of incidence, angle of reflection, normal
◻ Plane (flat mirrors) – drawing light rays to determine images formed; with SALT ◻
Concave mirrors – drawing light rays to determine images formed; with SALT ◻
Convex mirrors – drawing light rays to determine images formed; with SALT
◻ Applications of Concave and Convex Mirrors
◻ Law of Refraction – speed of light as it moves from more to less optically dense medium, vice versa –
how does a change in the speed of light relate to the angle of refraction?
◻ Index of Refraction (n) – how does it relate to a medium’s optical density and the speed of light in it?
◻ Total Internal Reflection – Ray diagrams, medium, index of refraction
◻ Converging vs. Diverging lenses – ray diagrams; with SALT, Thin lens and Magnification Equations ◻
Conditions involving focusing of the eye and corrective lenses

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is light? What is the speed of light?
2. What are the Laws of Reflection?
3. Differentiate between a real and a virtual image.
4. What is a plane mirror? How do you locate an image in a plane mirror? What are the properties of an
image in a plane mirror? (Remember to use S.A.L.T.)
5. Define: centre of curvature; principal axis; vertex; focus.
6. What are the characteristics for the images produced by both a converging mirror and a diverging
mirror? (be sure to review all cases)
7. Describe two applications of converging and diverging mirrors.
8. Define the following terms: refraction; refracted ray; angle of refraction.
9. Describe what happens to the refracted ray as it enters a different medium (towards or away from the
normal).
10. Why does light refract? Why does it slow down? Why does it speed up?
11. What is the index of refraction? Place the following indices of refraction in order from fastest to
slowest: 2.3, 1.1, 1.75, 2.15
12. Calculate the speed of light for the following mediums:
(A) water (n = 1.33) (B) diamond (n = 2.42)
13. Calculate the index of refraction for the following mediums:
 (A) 2.1 x 108 m/s (B) 1.5 x 108 m/s
14. What is a critical angle? What is total internal reflection? Under what conditions does total internal
reflection occur?
15. Draw a fully labeled diagram to demonstrate the scenario in number 16. Be sure to include and label
all rays, angles, and boundary lines.
16. Calculate the angle of incidence in air if the angle of refraction in glass is 32°.
17. A toy 8.4 cm tall is placed in front of a converging lens. An inverted, real image of height 23cm is
noticed on the other side of the lens. What is the magnification of the lens?
18. An object 5.00 cm in height is placed 10.0 cm in front of a spherical concave mirror with a focal length
of 15.0 cm.
(A) What is the distance of the image? (B) What is the height of the image?
(C) Describe the image characteristics for S and L from SALT.
19. A spherical concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 30.0 cm. An object that is 8.0 cm tall is placed
20.0 cm in front of the mirror. What is the distance of the image?
20. John uses a shaving mirror that has a focal length of 72cm. Suppose his face is 18cm from the
mirror. Determine the:
(A) image distance (B) magnification
21. Define: optical centre; principal axis; primary focus; secondary focus
22. Differentiate between converging (convex) and diverging (concave) lenses.
23. What are characteristics for the images produced by both converging and diverging lenses? (be sure
to review all cases)
24. What are two conditions associated with the malfunctioning of the eye? Explain the difference
between these two conditions. How are they corrected with the use of lenses?
25. Review the ray diagrams for mirrors, refraction and lenses studied in this unit.
BIOLOGY – TISSUES, ORGANS, AND SYSTEMS OF LIVING THINGS
◻ Macromolecules - carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
◻Cellular organelles – some examples and their functions
◻ Animal vs. Plant Cells
◻ Cellular Differentiation/Specialization- structure in relation to cell type function
◻ Cell Cycle - be able to identify these phases and describe the events taking place in each; significance
of the length of the cell cycle in various cell types
◻ Cellular Organization, tissue types
◻ Cancer cells vs. Normal cells – Tumors, Causes, Screening,
Prevention, Treatment
◻ Parts of the human digestive system (structure, components,
function, location (labeling))
◻ Parts of the human circulatory system (structure,
components, function, location (labeling))
◻ Location of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the various chambers of the heart
◻ Blood vessels – veins, arteries, and capillaries
◻ Components of blood and their relative proportions
◻ Parts of the human respiratory system (structure, components, function, location (labeling))
◻ Location of gas exchange and events that take place
◻ Breathing vs. Gas Exchange

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is an organelle? Know the function of major organelles: nucleus, Golgi apparatus, cell wall, cell
membrane, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast
2. How is a plant cell different from an animal cell?
3. What stages make up the cell cycle?
4. What are the four phases of mitosis? Briefly describe each phase.
5. What is cancer? What is a tumor? Explain the difference between a benign and a malignant tumour. 6.
Can cancer spread? What is this known as?
7. What is cellular organization and how is it organized?
8. What are the four types of tissue found in animals?
9. Explain the function of the following structures: trachea, esophagus, anus, lungs, stomach, capillaries,
small intestine, liver, alveoli, arteries, pancreas, large intestine, diaphragm, veins.
10. Describe peristalsis.
11. What is the site of gas exchange? What happens during the process of inhalation and exhalation?
12. What types of cells are found in the blood and what is their major function?
13. Review labeling diagrams for the major systems we have studied in this unit (digestive system,
respiratory system, circulatory system, heart).
14. Label the following structures in the heart: vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, atrium
(right and left), ventricles (right and left)
15. Review how systems interact with one another.

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE – CLIMATE CHANGE

◻ Differentiate between weather and climate
◻ Powering of Earth's Climate - Major causes and effects of climate
change
◻ Four Main Components of Climate System
◻ The Hydrosphere and the Water Cycle
◻ Carbon Sources and Carbon Sinks on the Earth
◻ Define greenhouse gas and explain the greenhouse effect
◻ Identify major clues to past climates

1. Explain in your own words the difference between weather and climate.
2. How does a region's climate determine its plant and animal life?
3. Where does all of the energy that powers the Earth’s climate system come from?
4. Predict what might happen if:
(A) Plants were to absorb more carbon dioxide
(B) Microorganisms began releasing more methane
5. Are greenhouse gasses always a bad thing? How do they affect life on Earth?
6. In your own words, define greenhouse gas. What are the principal greenhouse gasses and their main
sources?
7. Draw a diagram illustrating the greenhouse effect. Explain the greenhouse effect,
8. What are the two most important greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere?
9. Why are forests referred to as carbon sinks?
10. Describe natural and anthropogenic (human-caused) sources of some greenhouse gasses.
11. How do scientists study past climates? What are the indirect sources of studying past climates called?
Which one provides scientists with the longest record of conditions in the atmosphere?