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SELF INFORMATION - my self Roshani Verma Pbbsc 1st year student

of school and college of nursing dhamtari

INTRODUCTION
1. 1min To
introduce Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign enlargement of the
the BPH prostate gland.In many patients older than 50 years, the prostate Lecture Listening What is the
gland enlarges, extending upward into the bladder and obstructing introductio
the outflow of urine by encroaching on the vesicle orifice.This n of BPH.
condition is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the
enlargement, or hypertrophy, of the prostat it is the most common
urologic problem in male adults.
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2 1min To explain DEFINITION Lecture Listening Chart What is the

about the method paper definition
incidence It is defined as, noncancerous increase in size of prostate gland of BPH.
of BPH. which involves hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cell
resulting in formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in transitional
zone of prostate, which push on and narrow the urethra resulting in
an increase resistance to flow of urine from the blad

INCIDENCE What is the

3. 3min To list incidence
down the Clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most of BPH.
risk factor common diseases in ageing men and the most common cause of
of BPH. lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The prevalence of BPH Lecture
method Discuss
increases after the age of 40 years, with a prevalence of 8%-60% at
age 90 years

RISK FACTOR
What is the
Aging. Prostate gland enlargement rarely causes signs and risk factor
symptoms in men younger than age 40. About one-third of men of BPH.
experience moderate to severe symptoms by age 60, and about half
do so by age 80.
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Family history. Having a blood relative, such as a father or a brother,

with prostate problems means you're more likely to have problems.

Diabetes and heart disease. Studies show that diabetes, as well as

heart disease and use of beta blockers, might increase the risk of
BPH.

Lifestyle. Obesity increases the risk of BPH, while exercise can lower
your risk.
Lecture Listening Flash What is the
Etiology method card the
4. 2 min To list ñ etiology of
down the Idiopathic
BPH.
etiology of
Aging along with endocrine factors
BPH.
Accumulation of dihydroxytestosterone.

Cancer of prostate
Listening Char
Others-Obesity Lecture
3min t What is the
method pape sign and
Inflammation
5. To list r symptoms
down the Moderate Alcohol consumption. of BPH?
sigh and
symptoms SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

Frequent or urgent need to urinate

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Increased frequency of urination at night (nocturia)

Difficulty starting urination

Weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts

Dribbling at the end of urination

Inability to completely empty the bladder

Less common signs and symptoms include:

Urinary tract infection

Inability to urinate

Blood in the urine Lecture Discuss Flash What is the

method card diagnostic
6. 4min To explain DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION test of
about the BPH?
diagnostic ► History collection
evaluation
► Physical Examination
of BPH?
►Digital rectal exam. The doctor inserts a finger into the rectum to
check the prostate for enlargement.

► Urine test. Analyzing a sample of the urine can help rule out an
infection or other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
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► Blood test. The results can indicate kidney problems.

state-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. PSA is a substance produced

in the prostate. PSA levels increase when you have an enlarged
prostate. However, elevated PSA levels can also be due to recent
procedures, infection, surgery or prostate cancer.

► Urinary flow test

Postvoid residual volume test. This test measures whether you can
empty the bladder completely. The test can be done using
ultrasound or by inserting a catheter into the bladder after the
urinate to measure how much urine is left in the bladder.

24-hour voiding diary. Recording the frequency and amount of

urine might be especially helpful if more than one-third of your
daily urinary output occurs at night.

Transrectal ultrasound. An ultrasound probe is inserted into the

rectum to measure and evaluate the prostate.

► Prostate biopsy. Transrectal ultrasound guides needles used to

take tissue samples (biopsies) of the prostate. Examining the tissue
can help your doctor diagnose or rule out prostate cancer.
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► Prostate biopsy. Transrectal ultrasound guides needles used

to take tissue samples (biopsies) of the prostate. Examining the
tissue can help your doctor diagnose or rule out prostate
cancer.

Urodynamic and pressure flow studies. A catheter is threaded

through the urethra into the bladder. Water or, less commonly,
air is slowly injected into your bladder. The doctor can then
measure bladder pressure and determine how well the bladder
muscles are working.

Cystoscopy. A lighted, flexible instrument (cystoscope) is

inserted into the urethra, allowing the doctor to see inside the
urethra and bladder.
Lecture Listening Chart What is the
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT method paper management
7. 5min To explain of BPH.
the ►Alpha blockers. These medications relax bladder neck muscles
management and muscle fibers in the prostate, making urination easier.
of BPH Alpha blockers which include alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosi
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(Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax) and silodosin (Rapafio) usually

work quickly in men with relatively small prostates. Side effects
might include dizziness and a harmless condition in which
semen goes back into the bladder instead of out the tip of the
penis (retrograde ejaculation).

▷ 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. These medications shrink the

prostate by preventing hormonal changes that cause prostate
growth. These medications - which include finasteride (Proscar)
and dutasteride (Avodart) might take up to six months to be
effective. Side effects include retrograde ejaculation.

Tadalafil (Cialis). Studies suggest this medication, which is often

used to treat erectile dysfunction, can also treat prostate
enlargement

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Lecture Discuss Flash What is the

method surgical
8. 5min To explain Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Card nursing of
about the BPH?
surgical A lighted scope is inserted into the urethra, and the surgeon
management removes all but the outer part of the prostate. TURP generally
of BPH. relieves symptoms quickly, and most men have a stronger urine
flow soon after the procedure. After TURP you might
temporarily need a catheter to drain your bladd
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Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)

A lighted scope is inserted into the urethra, and the surgeon

makes one or two small cuts in the prostate gland making it
easier for urine to pass through the urethra. This surgery might
be an option if you have a small or moderately enlarged
prostate gland, especially if you have health problems that
make other surgeries too risky.

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)

In this procedure, inserts a special electrode through the

urethra into the prostate area. Microwave energy from the
electrode destroys the inner portion of the enlarged prostate
gland, shrinking it and easing urine flow. This surgery is
generally used only on small prostates in special circumstances
because re-treatment might be necessary.
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Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)

In this procedure, a scope is passed into the urethra, allowing to

place needles into the prostate gland. Radio waves pass
through the needles, heating and destroying excess prostate
tissue that's blocking urine flow. TUNA may be an option in
select cases, but the procedure is rarely used any longer
Laser therapy

►A high-energy laser destroys or removes overgrown prostate

tissue. Laser therapy generally relieves symptoms right away
and has a lower risk of side effects than does nonlaser surgery.
Laser therapy might be used in men who shouldn't have other
prostate procedures because they take blood- thinning
medications.

The options for laser therapy include:

Ablative procedures. These procedures vaporize obstructive

prostate tissue to increase urine flow. Examples include
photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) and holmium
laser ablation of the prostate. Ablative procedures can cause
irritating urinary symptoms after surgery, so in rare situations
another resection procedure might be needed at some point.

Enucleative procedures. Enucleative procedures, such as

holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, generally remove all
the prostate tissue blocking urine flow and prevent regrowth of
tissue. The removed tissue can be examined for prostate cancer
and other conditions. These procedures are similar to open
prostatectomy.
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9. 5min To explain NURSING MANAGEMENT Lecture Listening Chart What is the

about the method paper nursing
nursing Obtain history of voiding symptoms, including onset, frequency management
management of day and nighttime urination, presence of urgency, dysuria, of BPH
of BPH sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, and decreased force
of stream. Determine impact on quality of life.

Advise follow-up visits after treatment because urethral

stricture may occur and regrowth of prostate is possible after
TURP.

Be aware of herbal or natural products marketed for prostate

health.
 Complications

10. 3min To the ■ Urinary retention Lecture Listening Flash

explain method card
about the ■ UTI What is the
compilation complication
of BPH
■ Sepsis secondary to UTI s of BPH..

Residual urine

■ Calculi

■Renal failure
r
Hematuria

■ Hernias, hemorroids, bowel habit change

Conclusion Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes urinary

hesitancy and intermittency, weak urine stream, nocturia,
frequency, urgency, and the sensation of incomplete bladder
emptying. These symptoms, collectively called “lower urinary
tract symptoms,” or LUTS, can significantly reduce quality of
life.

SUMMARY

Introduction

Definition

CAUSES

Risk factor

SIGHN and symptoms

Diagnostic

Management

Surgical nursin

Nursing management

Health education

Conclusion

Summary

Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Brunner & Suddarth, "Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing",

12th edition, 2014, vol-1, Wloters kluwer, New delhi, Page no-
1098-1107.

• Lewis, " Medical Surgical Nursing", 2014 edition, New delhi,

South asian publication, Page no - 1075-1088.

. Lippincott, "Manual of Nursing Practice", 10th edition, 2014,

Wloter Kluwer, New delhi Page no- 705-708. Cancer