STANDARD EQUATION OF A LINE

a) Point-Slope Form • Distance from a point to a line

Given a point P1(x1;y1) and slope The distance from a point 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to a line
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0 is:
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1)
𝐴𝑥1 + 𝐵𝑦1 + 𝐶
𝑑=
b) Slope-Intercept Form ±√𝐴2 + 𝐵2
Given a slope m and y-intercept Use of sign:
(+) if C is negative
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 (-) if C is positive
(+) if B is positive
(-) if B is negative
c) Intercept Form (+) if the point is above the line or the right of
Given x-intercept (a) and y-intercept (b) the line
for a vertical line
𝑥 𝑦 (-) if the point is below the line or the left of the
+ =1 line for
𝑎 𝑏
a vertical line
d) Two-Point Form
• Distance between two parallel linea
Given two points
𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
+ =𝑚
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 |𝐶2 − 𝐶1 |
𝑑=
√𝐴2 + 𝐵2
MIDPOINT OF A SEGMENT
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝒎 =
𝟐

• Angle between two lines

𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝒚𝒎 =
𝟐 The angle between 𝐿1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿2 is the angle 𝜃
that 𝐿1 must be rotated in a counterclockwise
direction to make it coincide with 𝐿2 .

𝒎𝟐 − 𝒎 𝟏
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 =
𝟏 + 𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐

For parallel lines, 𝒎𝟏 = 𝒎𝟐

For perpendicular line 𝒎𝟏 = −𝟏/𝒎𝟐
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