Ikalina, Althea T.

2PROFED10

BSSE III-9 Unit 2

Read Unit 2 and Answer the following questions:

1. How does literacy develop?

Literacy is a fundamental part of child development. It serves as a foundation to learn

to read and write properly and enhance their conversational skills. However, building blocks
for literacy such as the capacity to speak, listen, understand, watch, and draw must be
developed first. As children grow, it is also necessary to learn about the relation between
letters on a text and spoken sounds. Thus, children need lots of experience with:
● Images and objects – how you can use words to talk about them
● Letters and words – how it looks and sound, and what it is called
● Sounds – how words can rhyme, begin and end with the related letters, be divided into
pieces like syllables, creating through combining various sounds, etc.

These are possible through communication, reading and learning together, and getting
creative with rhymes and different sounds.

2. What are the principles of developing literacy?

Case Technologies to Enhance Literacy Learning (CTELL), 2004 shows the twelve
principles of effective literacy learning that match the fundamental pillars for literacy
development. The following comprises CTELL's list:

1. Connecting literacy instruction with the linguistic, cultural, home backgrounds of

the learner:
2. Developing emergent literacy skills, behaviors, and attitudes;
3. Phonemic awareness instruction;
4. Decoding instruction;
5. Comprehension instruction;
6. Independent reading;
7. Fluency instruction;
8. Integrating reading and writing activities to enhance the learning of both;
9. Encouraging an enthusiasm for reading and writing;
10. Using technology wisely with early literacy development;
 11. Assessing early and providing appropriate instructional intervention; and
12. Developing teachers’ knowledge, analytical skills, and abilities to orchestrate the
many facets of language, literacy, and learning.

3. What are the theories that support the development of 21st century literacies?
Are they the same as that of developing traditional literacy?

As learning progressed through time, various theories that support the development of
21st-century literacies have emerged to promote deep learning, using challenging and
complex skills to acquire knowledge and understanding. These theories are as follows:

I. Constructivist Theories - Children actively create knowledge based on their

degree of development and prior learning.

A. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory - Children form a perception of

their environment, then experience differences between their prior knowledge and
future discoveries.

II. Socio-Cultural Theories - Highlights the immediate environment and

incorporates teachers’ examination of children’s noticeable skills and behaviors to
provide children with the following relevant learning moment.

A. Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Learning Theory - Children learn most effectively

by interacting meaningfully with someone more skilled.

B. Marie Clay’s Emergent Literacy Theory - Right after birth, children are already
in the process of becoming literate.

III. Ecological Theories - Emphasizes the interconnections between broader

environmental systems and their impact on a child’s development.

A. Ecological Theory of Human Development - Features the contextual

interrelationships present between people, families, the natural surroundings, the
community, and the cultural standards and conditions of a society.

B. Freire's Critical Literacy Theory - The ability to examine, review, and modify
social, cultural, and political themes and contexts by having precise knowledge of
learner experiences.

Traditional literacy is about untangling and making sense and meaning of words,
pictures, and other things that a learner can combine and form an understanding of
 something. 21st-century literacy comprises more than the aforementioned skills. It refers to
reading and writing at a level sufficient for communication and comprehension in print and
digital society. It requires the use of Higher Order Thinking Skills to solve complex
contemporary problems. Learning experiences must be learner-centered to actively acquire
knowledge and skills that will shape them to become independent and critical thinkers.

4. What literacy skills can be used to develop the new literacies?

Critical thinking skills can be used to develop new literacies because it equips
learners with the ability to compare and contrast, explain the emergence of a phenomenon,
assess ideas and create opinions, understand other's viewpoints, have a glimpse of what is in
the future, and think of innovative and creative solutions.

5. How can traditional literacies help in improving 21st century skills?

In every development, one must familiarize themselves first with the fundamentals of
the subject matter before advancing to the high-level action. Thus, traditional literacies are
integral in improving 21st-century skills because it serves as the foundation of all progress in
literacy. With the help of it, we're able to discover and innovate new ideas and refinements
that shape globally competitive learners in the 21st century.

In a Matrix compare the shift from Traditional to 21st Century Literacies

Traditional Literacies 21st Century Literacies

The ability to read Critical thinking

The ability to write Problem-solving

The ability to use language to read Collaboration

The ability to use language to write Digital literacy

The ability to use language to listen Creativity

The ability to use language to speak Oral communication skills