Rotary Drilling Rigs Systems

Learning Objective
Review the overall reason for a hoisting
system, introduce the components of the
system and describe their functions.

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 Think Fast
What are the six (6) main features of a
rotary drilling rig?

• Rig Power System

• Rig Hoisting Equipment
• Rotary Equipment
• Rig Fluid Circulating Equipment
• Well Control System
• Well Monitoring System

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Rotary
Drilling
Rig

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 1. Crown Block
2. Runaround
3. Jackknife Derrick
4. Gin Pole
5. Foldable Board or Monkey Board

Rotary 6.
7.
8.
Travelling Block
Hook
Swivel Bail

Drilling 9.
10.
11.
Gooseneck
Swivel
Rotary Hose

Rig 12.
13.
14.
Stand Pipe
Kelly
A-Frame
15. Dog House
16. Derrick Floor
17. Rotary Table
18. Rotary Drive Guard
19. Drawworks
20. Hydraulic Brake
21. Compound
22. Diesel Engines
23. Shale Shaker
24. Mud Tank
25. Pump Guards
26. Substructure
27. Mud Pump
28. Drilling Line
29. Cat Head 4
 Objective
• Review the overall reason for a hoisting
system, introduce the components of the
system and describe their functions.

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 Rotary Drilling Rig
Basic Equipment
• Rig Power System
• Rig Hoisting Equipment
• Rotary Equipment
• Rig Fluid Circulating Equipment
• Well Control System
• Well Monitoring System

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7
 Hoisting System

• The principal function of the rig hoisting system

is to facilitate lowering or raising drillstrings,
casing strings and other equipment into or out of
the hole
• Most importantly, the purpose of the hoisting
system is also to keep tension on the drillpipe
while weight is applied to the bit by the drill
collars
• The drillpipe has relatively thin walls and would
bend and break if it were used to put weight on
the bit
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 Hoisting System
• Principal components of the hoisting system are:
1. The mast or derrick.
2. The traveling, crown blocks and drilling line.
3. The drawworks.

• Making a connection and making a trip are two

routine drilling operations performed using the
hoisting system.

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 Hoisting System
• Making a connection refers to adding new pieces of
drill pipe as the hole deepens
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZHQ1Sic-
A&feature=related
– When the Kelly is drilled down and the top of the Kelly
reaches the top of the bushing, drilling is stopped and
the pumps turned off

– Using the hoisting system, the Kelly is lifted until the

tool joint of the first joint of drill pipe is clear of the
floor

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 Hoisting System
 The slips are inserted into the
bushing (to hold the weight of
the drill string) and the Kelly
broken out from the drill pipe
using the tongs or the Kelly
spinner
 Making a trip refers to
removing the drill string
from the hole to change
portions of the downhole
assembly and then lowering
the drill string back into the
hole (for example, to
change a dull drill bit)
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Derrick Mast

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 Hoisting System
Derricks or Masts
• A derrick or mast is the steel tower-like structure
whose function is to provide a means for raising
or lowering sections of pipe into and out of the
hole
• The derrick supports the traveling or crown
blocks, the weight of the drillstring, and the
drillpipe and drill collars when they are pulled out
of the hole

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 Hoisting System
Derricks or Masts
• A derrick differs from a mast in that in a derrick the
legs rest on each corner of the rig floor. A derrick will
have to be disassembled to be relocated to another
drilling site. Offshore rigs use derricks because as
the derrick moves so does the rig and
assembly/disassembly is not necessary
• A mast fits into an A frame that rests on the rig floor
and can be folded down and easily and quickly
transported to another site intact. Most land rigs use
masts because masts are easier to move. Rigs for
deeper wells will also require disassembly of the
mast
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 Hoisting System
Derricks or Masts
• “A” legs in the
background
with mast laid
down

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 Hoisting
System
Derricks or Masts

• “A” legs with

mast partially
raised

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 Hoisting
System
Derricks or Masts

• “A” legs with

mast raised

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 Hoisting System
Derricks or Masts
• The derrick or mast provides a structure for
raising and lowering sections of pipe in the hole
• The taller the tower structure, the longer the
sections that can be handled and the faster a long
string of pipe can be inserted or removed
• Drill pipe sections most commonly used are from 9
to 10 m long
• Derricks that can handle stands of 1, 2, 3 or 4
joints are called singles, doubles, triples or
quadruples respectively
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 Hoisting System
Derricks or Masts
• The derrick is usually elevated above the ground
(placed on a substructure) to provide for pressure
control valves called blowout preventers (BOP)
beneath the rig floor
• Derricks are rated by their allowable wind loading
capacity and the compressive load capacity (rated
in drill string sections)
• Although not normally required, anchored guy
wires can be used to increase the wind rating

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 Hoisting System
Traveling and Crown Blocks
• A block and tackle arrangement to
lift the drill pipe, drill collars and bit
in and out of the hole
• Drilling Line is wound around the
drum (drawworks) through the
crown block (on the top of the
derrick), through the traveling
block and fastened at the anchor
• Supports most of the weight of the
string while drilling

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 Hoisting System
Deadline Anchor
• Deadline anchor is
attached to one of
the front legs or
mounted to the
substructure near
one of the front legs
• A load sensor
determine drilling
line tension and
thus weight in the
hook 21
Hoisting System
Crown Block
Crown block
is a series of
pulleys on
the top of the
derrick

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Hoisting System
Traveling Block

• Schematic view of
traveling block
• Sheaves or wheels
are mounted on a
centre pin with roller
bearings
• Hook hangs below
from the clevis

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Hoisting System
Traveling Block
• Traveling complete
with drilling line as
viewed from above

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Hoisting System
Hook
• Hook
• Hangs below the
traveling block
• Clevis fits through the
bail
• Swivel is held in the
hook

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Hoisting System
Swivel
• Swivel hangs below
the traveling blocks
while drilling and the
kelly is attached
below the swivel

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 Hoisting System

• From the top

– Traveling block
– Hook
– Swivel with Kelly hose off
to the right
– Upper kelly cock at bottom
– Bails and elevators to the
left
• Swivel is released when
tripping to allow elevators
to hang straight down

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Hoisting System
Hook and Swivel

• Hook through the top

of the swivel
• Kelly and swivel are
being set back in the
rathole and released
to allow the bails to
hang straight down
for a trip

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Hoisting System
Elevators
• Elevators hang below
the traveling block
• They wrap around the
drill pipe and allow
the drill string to be
lifted when tripping
(pulling out of the
hole)

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 Hoisting System
Elevators
• Elevators fit onto the body of the drill pipe and
are shouldered out against the 18º taper

• Larger diameter tool joint prevents pipe from

slipping through.

• Special elevators or pick up subs are needed for

drill collars

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 Hoisting System
Traveling and Crown Blocks
• One joint of drill pipe
• 9 m long
• Hollow steel tube
• Screwed together to
reach the bit at the
bottom of the hole

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 Block System Design Loading
The rig must be evaluated with respect to the
block system to ensure that it meets the
designed safety factor requirements. API
specifications are as follows:
Calculated Rating, tons Yield Strength Design, S.F
150 or less 3
150 to 500

Over 500

Where R is the weight in

tons 32
Example
A 9-5/8”, 47 lb/ft casing is to be set at 12,992’
in 14.5 ppg mud. The rig has a 500 ton block
system. The casing is filled with mud while it is
being run. Travelling block weight is 35,000
lbs. Neglecting the block system near derating,
is the system sufficient for the job.

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Solution

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 Hoisting System - Derrick Loading

Block & Tackle Efficiencies

No. of lines (n) Efficiency (E)

6 0.874
8 0.841
10 0.810
12 0.770
14 0.740

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 Hoisting System
Derrick Loading
Force Due To Gravity
Force (Newtons) = Mass (kg) * Gravity
where Gravity = 9.81 m/sec2
also we know 1 daN = 10 N
Hence
Force (daN) = 0.981 * Mass (kg)

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 Hoisting System
Drawworks
• Drawworks in centre
with drilling line
running out
• Rotary table and
master bushing in
front
• Tongs – used to
make up connections
to required torque –
on right
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 Hoisting System
Drawworks

• Martin Decker
Weight Gauge is
large round dial
• Pump controls are
on left
• Drawwork in
background

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 Hoisting System
Miscellaneous Equipment - Mousehole
Mousehole – A cased hole through the rig floor usually
between the rotary table and the ramp, but close to the
rotary table used to hold the next joint of pipe.

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 Hoisting System
Miscellaneous Equipment - Mousehole
While drilling ahead, the rig crew pick up a joint of drill pipe
using a line and lower it into the mousehole.
The box end protrudes above the floor, ready to be
connected to the Kelly once a new connection is ready to
be made.

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 Hoisting System
Miscellaneous Equipment
Rathole
• A rathole is a cased hole through the rig floor near and
usually off to one side and behind the rotary table used
to store the swivel and the Kelly while making a trip.
The Kelly is longer than a joint of drill pipe (14 m vs 10
m) so the rathole must be deeper than the mousehole.
Monkey Board
• A monkey board is a platform from which the
derrickman works while making a trip. Within the
monkey board are a series of fingerboards which are
use to hold the drill pipe as it is racked back while
tripping.
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