PHYSICS 2

PROPOSED MARKING SCHEME

1. (a) (i) The rain drop falling under gravity acquire terminal velocity VT (constant velocity) when
viscous drug plus upthrust becomes equal to weight of rain drop. Now VT is directly
proportional to square of the radius of the drop (spherical body)
since the radius of rain drop is small it does not acquire very high velocity 02 marks
(ii) when the sphere enters the fluid will acquire terminal velocity VT
�
Average vertically acceleration 2
If t is the time taken by the sphere to attain terminal velocity VT
��
�� = 0 +
2
4 3 4 3
Net downward force � = 3 �� �� − 3 �� ��
4
= ��3 � − �
3
�
�=
�
4 3
�� �−� � �−�
�= 3
4 3 = �
01 mark
�� �
3
�� � �−�
Terminal velocity �� = 2
=
�
2�� �
�= �−�
2 �−� �
�� = �2
9 �
2� 2 �−� �
�= × × �2
�−� 9 �
2
4� �
�=
9�
Thus the time taken by the sphere to attain terminal velocity is independent of the
density of the fluid 02 marks
���� �� ����
(b) (i) Velocity of water = ���� �� ����� �������
8×103
= 40×10−4 = 2�/� 04 marks
1
(ii) Total pressure = static pressure + 2 ��2
1
����� �������� = 2 × 10−4 + × 1000 × 22 = �. � × ���
2
And flow velocity;
1
2
��2 = ����� �������� − ������ ��������
1
2
× 1000�2 = 3.6 × 104 − 3 × 104 01 mark
�2 = �. � × ���
 � = �. ��/� 02 marks
(c) (i) The volume of liquid flowing in time t through a tube is given by
���4
� = �� = �
8��
If t1 and t2 is the time taken by water and petrol respectively, then,
For water
� �1 �ℎ �4
�1 = 8�1 �
�1
For petrol
� �2 �ℎ �4
�2 = �2
8�2 �

But �1 = �2 01 mark
� �1 �ℎ �4 � �2 �ℎ �4
8�1 �
�1 = 8�2 �
�2
�1 � �
�2
= �1 × �2 01 mark
2 1

0.01 0.8
=
0.02
×
1.0
= �. � 02 marks
(ii) Method I
Let A be the area of the hole. The liquid which comes out from the hole exerts a
force on the rest part of the liquid
Let ∆� be the amount of liquid leaving the hole in time ∆� with velocity V
By Newton’s second law
∆� ∆��
�= ∆�
= ∆�
01 marks
∆�
= �� ∆�

∆� 1
Where ∆�
= � rate of liquid coming out of the hole 0 2 marks
This force acts in backward directions of liquid confined in shaded portion
The acceleration
� ��� 1
�= = 0 2marks
� ��
 But Q = AV
���2
�= ���
, �= 2�ℎ
�2 2�ℎ
�= = �
02 marks
�

Method II: the vessel is given an acceleration of such a value so that the level of
liquid at valve becomes zero.

let a be the acceleration of the vessel towards the right, then

��
tan � =
�
2ℎ �
Or =
� �
2�ℎ
�=
�

2. (a) (i) Example of transverse waves

 Ripples produced on the surface of water when stone is dropped into it
 Waves produced in a rope at one end when the free end is turned up and
�
down rapidly any 2 @ � �marks = 1mark
 Waves in a stretched string of musical instrument when the string is plucked

Examples of longitudinal waves

 Sound waves travel through air in the form of longitudinal waves
 When a spring is alternately expanded and stretched longitudinal waves are
�
set up any 2 @ � �marks = 1mark
 Vibrations of air column in open pipe are longitudinal

(ii) Let L1 and L2 be lengths of the closed pipe and open pipe respectively and f1 and f2 are
their corresponding frequencies
� �
�1 = 4� and �1 = 2� 01 mark
1 2
The frequency of third overtone of a closed pipe = 7�1
The frequency of first overtone for open pipe = 2�2
 It is given that 7�1 = 2�2 01 mark
� �
7 × 4� = 2 ×
1 2�2
�1 7
�2
=
4
01 mark

(b) (i)
 The light sources should be coherent. They must have zero or constant phase
difference
 The two light sources used to produce interference should emit the monochromatic
light
 The amplitude of waves that are interfering are equal
 The two light sources should be narrow
 The distance between the two light sources should be very small as compared to
their distance from the screen @01mark =04 marks
(ii) Solution
�� ��
sin � = ≤1
� �
� 2.00×10−6
�≤�= 600×10−9
= 3.33 01 mark
Since n must be an integer its maximum value is 3 01 mark

01 mark
(c)(i) If t is the thickness of soap film, then for constructive interference
�
2�� = 2� − 1 2
�
� = 2� − 1 4�
� 624×10−9
For n = 1 � = 4� = 4×1.33
= 0.117 × 10−6 � 02 marks
�
For n = 2 �=3×
4�
= 0.352 × 10−6 � 02 marks
(ii) Suppose the position of zero order maxima is at P at a distance �� from O. the path
difference between two waves at P is
∆� = ��2 + �2 � − ��1 + �1 � 01 mark
= �2 � − �1 � − ��1 + ��2
 = � sin � − � sin � 01 mark
�
For small angle sin � ≃ tan � = � and for zero maxima ∆� = 0or
�
��
0 = � sin � − � �
�� = � sin � 02 marks

3. (a) (i) Water is held inside the dropper against the atmospheric pressure. When we press the
rubber bulb the pressure on water exceed the atmospheric pressure, then water comes out
of the dropper 02 marks
5 2
(ii) Initial pressure of air in the cylinder is �� = 10 �/�
Initial volume of soap bubble = ��
Radius of the bubble =R
Surface tension = T
4�
Pressure inside the bubble �1 = �� + �
�
Let P be the pressure in the cylinder when the bubble is compressed to radius 2
4� 8�
�2 = � + =�+
�/2 �
4 � 3 1 4
�2 = � = × π�3
3 2 8 3
��
�2 = 8
01 mark
For isothermal compression (from Boyles law)
�1 �1 = �2 �2 01 mark
4� 8� �1
�� + �
�1 = � + � 8
4� � �
�� + �
= +
8 �
24�
� = 8�� +
�
24×0.08
� = 8.0 × 10 + 2.4×10−4 = �. �� × ��� �/��
5
02 marks

(b) (i) if the top capillary is closed the liquid will rise to less height as compared to ordinary
conditions. This is because the air get compressed and pressure will increase, thus the top
end of the tube being closed will affect the raise of liquid 02 marks
−4
(ii) Downward force � = 75 × 10 �
Upward force �� = �� but � = 2��
At equilibrium
�� = � 01 mark
2��� = �
�
�=
2��
01 marks
75×10−4
�= 2�×7.2×10−3
= 1.65 × 10−3 � 02 marks
The radius of the capillary tube is 1.7 × 10−3 � 01 mark
 (c) (i) The work done in stretching the wire is stored in it in the form of elastic potential energy
02 marks
(ii) Consider the figure below

01 mark
From the figure above
��2
� cos � = �� � sin � = 01 marks
�

�� 0.5×9.8
� = cos � = cos 85
= 56.19� 01 mark
�/�
From � = ∆�/�
�� 56.19×0.8
∆� = = 2
�� 7×10−10 ×� 0.55×10−3

∆� = �. �� × ��−� � 02 marks

4. (a) (i) The introduction of dielectric slab reduces the electric field and hence the potential
difference between the plates. Since on the capacitor plates is the same, the capacitance
�
of the capacitor increases i.e. � = � 03 marks
(ii) The earth is an electron source and is said to be at zero potential. A conducting body
connected to the earth is also at zero potential or ground potential OR
The capacitance of the earth is so large that removal of electrons from it or supply of
electrons to it makes no difference either in the charge or potential of earth 02 marks

(iii)Let a charge 2q be placed at P, a distance l from A where charge q is placed as shown in

the figure

The charge 2q will no experience any force when force of repulsion on it due to q is
balanced by force of attraction on it due to −3� at B where AB = d 01 mark
 Or
2� � 2� −3�
=
4��0 �2 4��0 � + � 2

� + � = 3�2
2

2�2 − 2�� − �2 = 0 01 mark

2� ± 4�2 + 2�2 � 3�
�= = ±
4 2 2
�+ 3�
�= 2
02 marks

(b) Considering the equilibrium of either sphere we have

� sin � = �� and � cos � = ��
��
tan � =
��
01 mark
When the system is placed in liquid
� � /�
Tan � = ��−����
�� /�
= ��− ��
×800�
1600
�� /�
=
��/2
02 marks

From equations above we get

�� �� /�
��
=
��/2
⟹�=2 02 marks

(c) (i) The equivalent capacitance between C and F is 2��

 Capacitors across the arms BJ, CJ and DE are parallel and so their equivalent
�
capacitance is 6�� � �marks
Similarly, capacitors across JH and FG are in parallel and so their equivalent capacitance
�
is 6�� � marks
�
Hence 6�� and 6�� are in series across the battery, so their equivalent capacitance is
3��
The charge stored on equivalent capacitor is given by
� = ��� � = 3�� × 20
= 60�� 01 mark
(ii) The potential of the battery is equally divided between the capacitors connected between
B and H. Thus, potential difference
��� = ��� = 10�
The potential difference across capacitor 1 �1 = 10� and
�1 = �1 �1 = 3 × 10 = 30�� 02
marks

(iii)The potential difference across C2 is also 10V. thus charge

�2 = �2 �2 = 2 × 10 = 20��
The potential difference across C3 will be 5V and so charge
�3 = �3 �3 = 4 × 5 = 20�� 02 marks

5. (a) (i) Biot-Savart law

The magnetic field dB at point P at distance r from a small current element Idl of a
conductor carrying current is given by
��� sin �
�� ∝
�2
Where � is the angle between dl and r 02 marks

Consider the conductor in circular shape below

From Biot-Savart law

��� sin �
�� ∝ �2
�0 ��� sin �
�� = 4��2
�0 � sin �
�� = 4��2
��
 �0� sin �
�= 4��2
�
Where L is a circumference 2�� and � = 90°
�0� sin 90 �� �
�= 4��2
2�� =
��
�� �
The magnetic field at the centre is ��
02 marks
(ii) The rule is Fleming’s left hand rule which states that “ stretch the fore finger, middle
finger and the thumb of your left hand in mutually perpendicular directions, if the fore
finger points in the direction of current, then the thumb gives the direction of force on
the conductor
 Right hand rule can also be used 03 marks

(b) (i) The change of magnetic flux density

 The change of area (A) of the coil
 The change of the orientation of the coil 04 marks
(ii)

04 marks
���
(c) consider that �= 2��
�×400×2.0
1.0 = 0.40
� = 0.0005
� 0.0005
�� = � = 4�×10−7 = ��� 02 marks
0
� 1
Magnetic intensity �= �
= 0.0005 = 2000��−1
�
Also �=
�0
−�
1
� = 4�×10−7 − 2000 = �. � × ��� �� 01 marks
Magnetic susceptibility is given by
 � �.���� ��
�=
�
=
2000
= ��� 02 marks

6. (a) (i) The negative total energy means that an electron is bound to the nucleus 02 marks
(ii) The magnitude of energy of electron in the first obit of hydrogen atom is
��4
�1 = 2 2
8ℎ �0
��4
ℎ� = 8ℎ2� 2
02 marks
0

��4
�=
8ℎ3 �0 2
1 8ℎ3 �0 2 8 × 6.62 × 10−34 3 × 8.85 × 10−12 2
�= = =
� ��4 9.1 × 10−31 1.6 × 10−19 4
� = 0.305 × 10−15 ��� 02 marks
(b) (i) The mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the masses of its constituent proton
and neutron. The mass difference (energy holds the nucleus together and is called the
total binding energy of the nucleus
(ii) The fusion reaction is given by:

Mass defect ∆� = 2 × 2.0141 − 4.0026 = 0.0256 �. �. �

1 �. �. � = 931���
The energy released in the reaction is � = 0.0256 × 931 = 23.833���
The useful energy available per reaction = 25% of Q
= 0.25 × 23.833���
= �. ������� 01 mark
= 5.9582 × 106 × 1.6 × 10−19 �
�. ���� × ��−�� � 01 mark
Energy obtained per day
= 200 × 106 × 24 × 60 × 60
= �. ��� × ���� � 01 mark
Mass of deuterium fuel needed per reaction
= 2 × 2.0141 = 4.0282 �. �. �

4.0282
= 6.02×1023 = �. ���� × ��−�� � 01 mark
Mass of deuterium required per day
0.6691×10−23 ×1.728×1013
= 9.5331×10−13
= ���. �� 01 mark

(c) (i) This is because, the binding energy per nucleon is an indicator of thenuclear stability.
The greater the binding energy per nucleons, the greater is the stability of the nucleus and
vice versa. 02 mark

(ii) Since the sphere is isolated, it will become more and more positively charged when more
and more electrons are ejected out of it. Due to this if the potential of the sphere is
increased to V, the electrons should have a minimum energy of � + �� 01 mark
ℎ�
The emission will stop when �
= � + �� 01 mark
1240 1240
Energy of photon = �(��) = 310
= 4�� 01 mark
The charge Q on the sphere to bring it to a potential V is given by
� = 4��0 � � wher � = 4 − 2 = 2� 01 mark
The number of electrons emitted
� 4��0 � �
�= =
� �
1.8×10−2 ×2
= 9×109×1.6×10−19
= �. � × ��� 01 mark