Share Full Differentiation Tests and Solution (1 - 7)

A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
DIFFERENTIATION TEST 1
TIME: 1 hour
45 marks
𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
[If a numerical answer cannot be given exactly, and the accuracy
required is not specified in the question, then in the case of an angle
it should be given correct to the nearest degree, and in other cases it
should be given to 2 significant figures.]
schingwingwi7@gmail.com / +263784089807
Sharewell B. C
1. Find by differentiating from first principle the derivative of each of the following
expressions. Hence find the gradient of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at the given point.
a) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 (1,0) [4]
b) 𝑥 4 (2,16) [6]
1
2. Find by differentiating from first principle the derivative of . [6]
𝑥2
3. Differentiate each of the following function with respect to 𝑥.
4 5 6
a) + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 [3]
𝑥
1 6
b) 𝑥
−𝑥 [3]
√
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4. Find the gradient of the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1 at the point (−1, −11). [5]
5. The equation of a curve is 𝑠 = 4𝑡 2 + 5𝑡. Find the gradient of the normal at each of
the points where the curve crosses the 𝑡-axis. [5]
6. Find the gradient of the tangent and the gradient of the normal at the given point on
the given point.
a) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) where 𝑥 = 3 [4]
b) 𝑠 = √𝑡(1 + √𝑡) where 𝑡 = 4 [4]
7. Find the coordinates of the point(s) on the given curve where the gradient has the
value specified.
a) 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 ; −1 [4]
b) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 1); −3 [4]
FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME FOR ANY ADJUSTMENTS, CLARIFICATIONS

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
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A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
TIME: 1 hour
45 marks
Sharewell B. C
1. A curve has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞. The tangent to this curve at the point
(2, −8) is parallel to the 𝑥-axis. Find the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞.
Find also the coordinates of the other point where the tangent is parallel to the 𝑥-
axis. [8]
2. Find the value(s) of 𝑥 at which the following functions have stationary values.
a) 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 11 [4]
b) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 5 [4]
3. Find the value(s) of 𝑥 for which 𝑦 has a stationary value.
9
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 [4]
b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 7 [5]
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4. Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the following curves.
1
a) 𝑦 = √𝑥 + [4]
√𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
b) 𝑦 = 8 + 4 + 4 [5]
5. Find the stationary points on the following curves and distinguish between them.
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 5) [6]
16
b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + [6]
𝑥2

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
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A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
TIME: 1 hour
45 marks
Sharewell B. C
1. Find the stationary value(s) of each of the following functions and determine their
character.
a) 8 − 𝑥 3 [5]
b) 𝑥 2 (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3) [5]
2. Determine the coordinates of the maximum and minimum values of the graph
𝑥3 𝑥2 5
𝑦= − − 6𝑥 + 3 and distinguish between them. Sketch the graph. [10]
3 2
2 2
3. Show that the curve 𝑦 = 3 (𝑡 − 1)3 + 2𝑡(𝑡 − 2) has a maximum value of 3 and a
minimum value of −2. [6]
4. A rectangle area is formed having a perimeter of 40cm. Determine the length and
breadth of the rectangle if it is to enclose the maximum possible area. [5]
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5. A rectangle sheet of metal having dimensions 20cm by 12cm has squares removed
from each of the four corners and the sides bent upwards to form an open box.
Determine the maximum possible volume of the box. [8]
6. Determine the height and radius of a cylinder of volume 200cm3 which has the least
surface area. [8]
7. An open rectangular box with square ends is fitted with an overlapping lid which
covers the top and the front face. Determine the maximum volume of the box if
6m2 of metal are used in its construction. [8]

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Acts 15 vs. 11
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A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
TIME: 1 hour
45 marks
Sharewell B. C
1. The fuel economy E of a car, in miles per gallon, is given by:
𝐸 = 21 + 2.10 × 10−2 𝑣 2 − 3.80 × 10−6 𝑣 4 , where 𝑣 is the speed of the car in miles
per hour.
Determine, correct to 3 significant figures, the most economical fuel consumption,
and the speed at which it is achieved. [8]
2. Find the diameter and height of a cylinder of maximum volume which can be cut
from a sphere of radius 12𝑐𝑚. [8]
3. A lidless box with square ends is to be made from a thin sheet of metal. Determine
the least area of the metal for which the volume of the box is 3.5𝑚3. [6]
4. A closed cylindrical container has a surface area of 400 𝑐𝑚2 . Determine the
dimensions for maximum volume. [8]
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5
5. Resistance to motion, F , of a moving vehicle, is given by: 𝐹 = + 100𝑥. Determine
𝑥
the minimum value of resistance. [6]
6. Consider the semicircle below. It has diameter XY and the point A is any point on the
arc XY. The point A can move but it is required that XA + AY = 25. Find the
maximum area of the triangle XAY. [8]
X Y

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Psalms 73 vs. 28
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A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
TIME: 1 hour
45 marks
Sharewell B. C
64
1. A function is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥 2. Find the values of 𝑥 for which the
function is increasing. [5]
2. Differentiate the following with respect to 𝑥.
(2𝑥−7)2
a) [3]
√𝑥
(1−2𝑥)3
b) [3]
𝑥3
a) ln(1 + 2𝑥)2 [3]

(3𝑥 3 −2𝑥)
b) 𝑒 [3]
c) 𝑥In𝑥 [3]
d) (𝑥 2 + 4)In√𝑥 [4]
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𝑥2
e) In [ ] [4]
(𝑥+3)(𝑥 2 −1)
a) cos(𝜋 − 2𝑥) [3]

b) In𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 [3]
c) In𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 [3]
(𝑥+3)3
d) In√ [4]
(𝑥 2 +2)
e) {In(𝑡𝑎𝑛)}2 [4]
f) cos(𝑥 2 + 3) [3]
5. Find the derivative of 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 [4]
𝜋
sec(𝑥+ )
4
6. Find the derivative of [4]
𝑒 2𝑥

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Psalm 148 vs. 13
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A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
TIME: 1 hour
45 marks
Sharewell B. C
𝑑𝑦
1. Find 𝑑𝑥 ,
a) 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 2 [3]
b) 𝑦 = 𝑥3𝑥 [3]
𝑑𝑦
2. Find 𝑑𝑥 given that 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 [3]
3. Find the cartesian equation of the curve whose parametric equation are;
a) 𝑥 = 2𝑡
2
𝑦= [4]
𝑡
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b) 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 [4]
𝑡 𝑡2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4. If 𝑥 = 1−𝑡 and 𝑦 = 1−𝑡, find 𝑑𝑥 in terms of 𝑡. What is the value 𝑑𝑥 at the point where
𝑥 = 1. [4]
5. The parametric equations of a circle are;

𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 where 0 < 𝑥 < 360°
𝑑𝑦
Show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. Find the equation of the circle at the point where 𝑥 = 30° in
the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. [5]
𝑎
6. The curve C has parametric equations 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑥 = 𝑡 , 𝑡 > 0.
(i) Write down the cartesian equation of the curve C. [2]

(ii) Given that the point P lies on C, show that the equation of the normal to C at P
is 8𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 15𝑎 when 𝑡 = 2. [3]
𝑎
(iii) This normal meet C at Q (−8𝑎; − 8). Given that PQ is the diameter of the
circle, show that the equation of this circle is

15𝑎 2 15𝑎 2 4913𝑎2
(𝑥 + ) + (𝑦 − ) = . [4]
4 16 256
7. Show that;
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
a) 2𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 2 = 0 for 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. [4]
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
b) 𝑥 3 (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + 𝑥 2 (𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑥𝑦 = −2 for 𝑥𝑦 = In𝑥. [4]
8. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ at the point where
3𝜋
∅= 4
. [4]
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AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Matthew 6 vs. 1
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 13

A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
TIME: 1 hour
45 marks
Sharewell B. C
3
1. Using 𝑦 = √𝑥 find, 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓, an approximate value for;
3
a) √9 [3]
3
b) √63 [3]
2. Given 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥, determine the approximate change in 𝑦 if 𝑥 changes from 1 to

1.02. [5]
3. The radius of a sphere decreases from 6.0 cm to 5.96 cm. determine the
approximate change in;
a) the surface area, and

b) the volume. [7]
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4. The time of swing T of a pendulum is given by 𝑇 = 𝑘√𝑙, where 𝑘 is a constant.
Determine the percentage change in the time of swing if the length of a pendulum 𝑙
changes from 32.1 cm to 32.0 cm. [6]
5. Water is being poured into a cone, with its vertex pointing downwards. This is
shown in the diagram below. The cone is initially empty and water is poured in at a
rate of 25cm3 s −1 . Find the rate at which the depth of the liquid is increasing after 30
seconds. [6]
𝑟
ℎ
60°
6. Ink is dropped on to bottling paper forming a circular stain which increases in area
at a rate of 2.5cm2 /s. Find the rate at which the radius is changing when the area of
the stain is 16𝜋cm2 . [5]
7. A container in the form of a right circular cone of height 16 cm and the base radius
4 cm is held vertex downward and filled with water. If water leaks out from the
vertex at a rate of 4 cm3 /s, find the rate of change of the depth of water in the cone
when half of the water has leaked out. [6]
8. Given that 1° = 0.0175 rad, sin 60° = 0.8660 and sin 45° = 0.7071, use 𝑓(𝜃) = cos 𝜃
to find an approximate value of cos 59°. [3]
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 15

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Matthew 6 vs. 1
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SOLUTIONS
TO
DIFFERENTIATION
TESTS (1 - 7)
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A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
SOLUTION
Sharewell B. C
1. Find by differentiating from first principle the derivative of each of the following
expressions. Hence find the gradient of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at the given point.
a) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 (1,0) [4]
b) 𝑥 4 (2,16) [6]
SOLUTION
𝑑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥+𝛿𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
a) From differentiation first principle; 𝑑𝑥 = 𝛿𝑥
2
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 {(𝑥+𝛿𝑥)2 −(𝑥+𝛿𝑥)}−(𝑥 2 −𝑥)
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛; =
𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥
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{(𝑥 2 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 )−𝑥−𝛿𝑥−(𝑥 2 −𝑥)}
= 𝛿𝑥
{𝑥 2 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 −𝑥−𝛿𝑥−𝑥 2 +𝑥}
= 𝛿𝑥
2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 −𝛿𝑥
= 𝛿𝑥
𝛿𝑥(2𝑥+𝛿𝑥−1)
= 𝛿𝑥
(2𝑥+𝛿𝑥−1)
= 1
= limit (2𝑥 + 𝛿𝑥 − 1)
𝑎𝑠 𝛿𝑥→0
𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1
∴ 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1;
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = {2(1) − 1} = 1
b) From differentiation first principle; =
𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥4
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥+𝛿𝑥)4
=
𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥
NB: From Pascal’s triangle/ Binomial theorem

(𝑎 + 𝑏)4 = 𝑎4 + 4𝑎3 𝑏 + 6𝑎2 𝑏2 + 4𝑎𝑏 3 + 𝑏 4
∴ (𝑥 + 𝛿𝑥)4 = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 𝛿𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 (𝛿𝑥)2 + 4𝑥(𝛿𝑥)3 + (𝛿𝑥)4
𝑑𝑦 {𝑥 4 +4𝑥 3 𝛿𝑥+6𝑥 2 (𝛿𝑥)2 +4𝑥(𝛿𝑥)3 +(𝛿𝑥)4 }−𝑥 4
𝑁𝑜𝑤; =
𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥
𝛿𝑥{4𝑥 3 +6𝑥 2 (𝛿𝑥)+4𝑥(𝛿𝑥)2 +(𝛿𝑥)3 }
=
𝛿𝑥
{4𝑥 3 +6𝑥 2 (𝛿𝑥)+4𝑥(𝛿𝑥)2 +(𝛿𝑥)3 }
=
1
𝑆𝑜; lim {4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 (𝛿𝑥) + 4𝑥(𝛿𝑥)2 + (𝛿𝑥)3 }

𝑎𝑠 𝛿𝑥→0
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 4𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑁𝑜𝑤; 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 19

= 4(2)3
= 32
1
2. Find by differentiating from first principle the derivative of . [6]
𝑥2
SOLUTION
From differentiation first principle; =
𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥
1
𝑦=
𝑥2
1
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥+𝛿𝑥)−2 − 2
𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥
1 1
( 2 )− 2
𝑥 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 𝑥
=
𝛿𝑥
1(𝑥2 )−{𝑥2 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 }

{𝑥2 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 }(𝑥2 )
=
𝛿𝑥
(𝑥2 )−𝑥2 −2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)−(𝛿𝑥)2

{𝑥2 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 }(𝑥2 )
=
𝛿𝑥
𝛿𝑥{−2𝑥−(𝛿𝑥)}
=
𝛿𝑥{𝑥 2 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 }(𝑥 2 }
{−2𝑥−(𝛿𝑥)}
=
{𝑥 4 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)𝑥 2 +(𝛿𝑥)2 (𝑥 2 )
{−2𝑥−(𝛿𝑥)}
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
𝑎𝑠 𝛿𝑥→0 {𝑥 4 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)𝑥 2 +(𝛿𝑥)2 (𝑥 2 )
{−2𝑥−(0)}
=
{𝑥 4 +2𝑥(0)𝑥 2 +(0)2 (𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥4
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 20

𝑑𝑦 2
∴ =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
3. Differentiate each of the following function with respect to 𝑥.
4 5 6
a) + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 [3]
𝑥
1 6
b) −𝑥 [3]
√𝑥
SOLUTION
𝑑 4 5 6
a) ( + − )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑑
= (4𝑥 −1 + 5𝑥 −2 − 6𝑥 −3 )
𝑑𝑥
= (−1)4𝑥 −2 + (−2)5𝑥 −3 − 6(−3)𝑥 −4

4 10 18
=− − +
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
𝑑 1 6
b) ( − )
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 1
= (𝑥 −2 − 6𝑥 −1 )
𝑑𝑥
1 3
= [− (𝑥 −2 ) + 6𝑥 −2 ]
2
1 3 1
= [− (𝑥 −2 ) + 6 ( 2 )]
2 𝑥
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4. Find the gradient of the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1 at the point (−1, −11). [5]
SOLUTION
𝑑𝑦
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 ∣𝑥=−1
𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑦
(2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1)
𝑑𝑥
= 2(3)𝑥 3−1 − 3(2)𝑥 2−1 + 5𝑥 1−1

= 6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
∴ 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∣ 𝑥 = −1;
= 6(−1)2 − 6(−1) + 5
𝐺𝑑 = 17
5. The equation of a curve is 𝑠 = 4𝑡 2 + 5𝑡. Find the gradient of the normal at each of
the points where the curve crosses the 𝑡-axis. [5]
SOLUTION
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠;

0 = 𝑡(4𝑡 + 5)
5
𝑡 = 0 𝑜𝑟 − 4
𝑑𝑠
(4𝑡 2 + 5𝑡)
𝑑𝑥
= 4(2)𝑡 + 5
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 0
𝑑𝑠
= 5 Which is the gradient of the tangent (𝑚1 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑜, 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 (𝑚2 );

𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1
1
∴ 𝑚2 = − 5
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 22

5
Also 𝐴𝑡 𝑥 = − 4
𝑑𝑠 5
= 8 (− 4) + 5
𝑑𝑡
= −5 Which is the gradient of the tangent (𝑚3 )
𝑆𝑜, 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 (𝑚4 );
𝑚3 × 𝑚4 = −1
1
𝑚4 = − (−5)
1
=5
6. Find the gradient of the tangent and the gradient of the normal at the given point on
the given point.
a) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) where 𝑥 = 3 [4]
b) 𝑠 = √𝑡(1 + √𝑡) where 𝑡 = 4 [4]
SOLUTION
𝑑𝑦
a) ((𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4))
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)
𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥 − 1
𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑚1 ) = 2(3) − 1 = 5
𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 (𝑚2 );
𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1
1
𝑚2 = −
5
𝑑𝑠
b) (√𝑡(1 + √𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠 1
(𝑡 2 + 𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
1 1
= 𝑡 −2 + 1
2
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 4
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 23

1 1
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑚1 ) = (4)−2 + 1
2
5
=
4
𝑆𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 (𝑚2 );

𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1
1
∴ 𝑚2 = − 5
( )
4
4
=−
5
7. Find the coordinates of the point(s) on the given curve where the gradient has the
value specified.
a) 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 ; −1 [4]
b) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 1); −3 [4]
SOLUTION
𝑑𝑧
a) (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 )
𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 Which is the gradient function
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 = −1
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
1
(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + ) = 0
3
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1;
𝑠 = (1)2 − (1)3 = 0
1
𝐴𝑡 𝑥 = − 3 ;
1 2 1 3 4
𝑠 = (− 3) − (− 3) = 27
1 4
So the coordinates are (1; 0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (− 3 ; 27)
𝑑𝑦
b) ((2𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 1))
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5)
𝑑𝑥
= 4𝑥 − 3 Which is the gradient function
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 4𝑥 − 3 = −3
∴𝑥=0
So the coordinates are (0; −5)
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 24

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 25

A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
SOLUTION
Sharewell B. C
1. A curve has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞. The tangent to this curve at the point
(2, −8) is parallel to the 𝑥-axis. Find the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞.
Find also the coordinates of the other point where the tangent is parallel to the 𝑥-
axis. [8]
𝑦
SOLUTION
(2; -8) 𝑥
tangent
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 26

Since the tangent is parallel to the 𝑥-axis, therefore gradient is 0.
𝑑𝑦
Then the gradient function is .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 𝑝
𝑑𝑥
∴ 3𝑥 2 − 𝑝 = 0
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒; (2; −8)
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 (2) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒; 3(2)2 − 𝑝 = 0
∴ 𝑝 = 12
−8 = (2)3 − 12(2) + 𝑞
(−8) + 12(2) − 8 = 𝑞
𝑞=8
So the equation of the curve is 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 + 8.
Since the tangent is parallel to the 𝑥-axis, then its gradient is 0.
𝑑𝑦
So when the gradient function is 0 and = 3𝑥 2 − 12
𝑑𝑥
0 = 3𝑥 2 − 12
∴ 𝑥 = ±√4
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 2; 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡 (−2)𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛;
Substituting (−2) for 𝑥 in the equation we have;
𝑦 = (−2)3 − 12(−2) + 8
𝑦 = 24
So the coordinates of the other point where the tangent is parallel to the 𝒙-axis
are; (−𝟐; 𝟐𝟒)
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 27

2. Find the value(s) of 𝑥 at which the following functions have stationary values.
a) 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 11 [4]
b) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 5 [4]
SOLUTION
a) Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 11
𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 11)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
At stationary points, =0
𝑑𝑥
∴ 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 0
𝑥 (3𝑥 − 4) = 0
4
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
3
4
So the value of 𝑥 are; 0 and .
3
NB: The coordinates will be; (however note that it wasn’t asked on the question)
When 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑦 = (0)3 − 2(0)2 + 11 = 11
4 4 3 4 2 265
When 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = ( ) − 2 ( ) + 11 =
3 3 3 27
𝟒 𝟐𝟔𝟓
(𝟎; 𝟏𝟏) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ( ; )
𝟑 𝟐𝟕
b) Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
So, 3𝑥 2 − 3 = 0
𝐒𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝐚𝐫𝐞; = ±𝟏
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 28

3. Find the value(s) of 𝑥 for which 𝑦 has a stationary value.
9
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 [4]
b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 7 [5]
SOLUTION
9
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 9
=1−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
9
∴1− =0
𝑥2
𝑥 2 −9
=0
𝑥2
𝑥2 = 9
∴ 𝑥 = ±3
So the values of 𝒙 are;−𝟑 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟑.
b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 7
𝑑𝑦
= 2(3)𝑥 2 + 9(2)𝑥 − 24
𝑑𝑥
= 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 24
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
So, 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 24 = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4) = 0
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞(𝐬)𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐲 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞; 𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟒.
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 29

4. Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the following curves.
1
a) 𝑦 = √𝑥 + [4]
√𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
b) 𝑦 = 8 + 4 + 4 [5]
SOLUTION
1
a) 𝑦 = √𝑥 +
√𝑥
1 3
𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 𝑥 (−2) − 𝑥 (−2)
𝑑𝑥 2 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
1 3
1 1
So, 𝑥 (−2) − 𝑥 (−2) = 0
2 2
1 3
𝑥 −2 − 𝑥 −2 = 0
1
𝑥 − 2 (1 − 𝑥 3 ) = 0
∴𝑥=1
1
When 𝑥 = 1; 𝑦 = √1 + =2
√1
So the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve are; (𝟏; 𝟐).
𝑥 4
b) 𝑦 = 8 + +
4 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 4
= −
𝑑𝑥 4 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
1 4
− =0
4 𝑥2
𝑥 2 −16
=0
4𝑥 2
𝑥 2 − 16 = 0
∴ 𝒙 = ±𝟒
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 30

5. Find the stationary points on the following curves and distinguish between them.
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 5) [6]
16
b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 [6]
SOLUTION
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
So, 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 = 0
𝑥 (3𝑥 − 10) = 0
10 500
∴ 𝐴𝑡 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = ;𝑦 = −
3 27
𝑑2 𝑦
= 6𝑥 − 10
𝑑𝑥 2
So, at 𝑥 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦
= −10 < 0 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡.
𝑑𝑥 2
Hence at (𝟎; 𝟎) is the maximum point.

10
Also, at 𝑥 =
3
𝑑2 𝑦
= 10 > 0 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡.
𝑑𝑥 2
𝟏𝟎 𝟓𝟎𝟎
Hence at ( ;− ) is the minimum point.
𝟑 𝟐𝟕
𝑑2 𝑦
Note that when the sign of 𝑑𝑥 2 is negative (or zero), the point is maximum,
𝑑2 𝑦
whereas when the sign of 𝑑𝑥 2 is positive (or zero), the point is minimum.
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 31

𝑑2 𝑦
So, when 𝑑𝑥 2 is (zero) one of the other two methods must be used to
determine the nature of the stationary point.
b) 𝑨𝒏𝒔. = (−𝟐; 𝟖)𝐦𝐢𝐧, (𝟐; 𝟖)𝐦𝐢𝐧. NB: [Follow the same procedure as above]

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
1 Thessalonians 5 vs. 5
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 32

A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
SOLUTION
Sharewell B. C
1. Find the stationary value(s) of each of the following functions and determine their
character.
a) 8 − 𝑥 3 [5]
b) 𝑥 2 (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3) [5]
SOLUTION
a) Let 𝑦 = 8 − 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑦
= −3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
At stationary point, 𝑑𝑥 = 0
∴𝑥=0
𝑑2 𝑦
= −6𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
𝐴𝑡 𝑥 = 0; = 0 Which is the point of inflexion
𝑑𝑥 2
So at (𝟎; 𝟖) is point of inflexion
b) Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3)
𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 33

𝑑𝑦
= 12𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
At stationary point, =0
𝑑𝑥
So, 12𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 0
𝑥 (12𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 6) = 0
1
𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + ) = 0
2
1
∴ 𝑥 = 1 or 0 or −
2
𝑑2 𝑦
= 36𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 6
𝑑𝑥 2
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
When 𝒙 = 𝟎; = −𝟔 < 𝟎 Which is the maximum point i.e. (𝟎; 𝟎)
𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
When 𝒙 = 𝟏; = 𝟏𝟖 > 𝟎 Which is the minimum point i.e. (𝟏; −𝟐)
𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟏 𝟓
When 𝒙 = − ; = 𝟗 > 𝟎 Which is the minimum point i.e. (− ; − )
𝟐 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟔
2. Determine the coordinates of the maximum and minimum values of the graph
𝑥3 𝑥2 5
𝑦= − − 6𝑥 + 3 and distinguish between them. Sketch the graph. [10]
3 2
SOLUTION
𝑥3 𝑥2 5
𝑦= − − 6𝑥 + 3
3 2
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
At stationary point, 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
∴ 𝒙 = −𝟐 𝐨𝐫 𝟑
𝑑2 𝑦
= 2𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑥 2
(−2)3 (−2)2 5
𝑦= − − 6(−2) +
3 2 3
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 34

𝑦=9
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
When 𝒙 = −𝟐; = −𝟓 < 𝟎 Which is the maximum point i.e. (−𝟐; 𝟗)
𝒅𝒙𝟐
When 𝑥 = 3
(3)3 (3)2 5
𝑦= − − 6(3) +
3 2 3
5
𝑦 = 11
6
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟓
When 𝒙 = 𝟑; = 𝟓 > 𝟎 which is the minimum point i.e. (𝟑; 𝟏𝟏 )
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝟔
𝟓
Thus the coordinates of the turning point are; (−𝟐; 𝟗) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝟑; 𝟏𝟏 )
𝟔
5
Now knowing (−2; 9) is maximum point and (3; 11 ) is minimum point, and
6
5
that when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦 = a sketch will be;
3
-12
9
𝑥3 𝑥2 5
8 𝑦= − − 6𝑥 +
3 2 3
𝑥
−2 −1 0 1 2 3
-4
-8
5
11
6
-12
2 2
3. Show that the curve 𝑦 = 3 (𝑡 − 1)3 + 2𝑡(𝑡 − 2) has a maximum value of 3 and a
minimum value of −2. [6]
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 35

SOLUTION
𝐴𝑛𝑠. = (𝑦𝑜𝑢 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤)

NB: Use the same concept as on Number 1 and 2.
4. A rectangle area is formed having a perimeter of 40cm. Determine the length and
breadth of the rectangle if it is to enclose the maximum possible area. [5]
SOLUTION
Let the dimensions of the rectangle be 𝑥 and 𝑦.

Then the perimeter of the rectangle is (2𝑥 + 2𝑦) i.e.
𝑥 𝑥
Hence 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 40, 𝑦 or 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20
Since the rectangle is to enclose the maximum possible area, a formula for area
A must be obtained in terms of one variable only.
𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 but from equation (1), 𝑥 = 20 − 𝑦

∴ 𝐴 = 𝑦(20 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝐴
Now, 𝑑𝑦 = 20 − 2𝑦 = 0 for a turning point, from which 𝑦 = 10𝑐𝑚
𝑑2 𝐴
= −2 < 0 hence, we have a maximum point.
𝑑𝑦 2
When 𝑦 = 10, 𝑥 = 10 from equation (1).
Hence the length and breadth of the rectangle are each 10 cm, (which is a square) and
this gives us the maximum possible area. When the perimeter of the rectangle is 40
cm the maximum possible area is 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟐 .
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 36

5. A rectangle sheet of metal having dimensions 20cm by 12cm has squares removed
from each of the four corners and the sides bent upwards to form an open box.
Determine the maximum possible volume of the box. [8]
SOLUTION
x x
x (20 − 𝑥) x
12 cm
(12 − 𝑥)
x x
x x
20 cm
The squares to be removed from each corner have sides x cm. When the sides are bent
upwards the dimensions of the box will be lenght (20 − 2x)cm, breadth (12 −
2x)and height, x cm.
Volume of box, 𝑉 = (20 − 2𝑥)(12 − 2𝑥)𝑥

= 240𝑥 − 64𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3
𝑑𝑉
Now, = 240 − 128𝑥 + 12𝑥 2 = 0 for a turning point.
𝑑𝑥
Hence, 4(60 − 32𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 ) = 0 i. e. for 3𝑥 2 − 32𝑥 + 60 = 0

Using the quadratic formula,
32±√(−32)2 −4(3)(60)
𝑥=
2(3)
𝑥 = 8.239 𝑐𝑚 or 2.427 𝑐𝑚
Since the breadth is (12 − 2x)cm then 𝑥 = 8.239 𝑐𝑚 is not possible and is
neglected
Hence 𝑥 = 2.427 𝑐𝑚
𝑑2 𝑉
So, = −128 + 24𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 37

𝑑2 𝑉
When 𝑥 = 2.427, = −186.248 < 0 hence we have a maximum value.
𝑑𝑥 2
Therefore, the dimensions of the box are;

Length=(20 − 2(2.427)) = 15.146cm
Breadth= (12 − 2(2.427) = 7.146cm
Height= 2.427cm
Finally, Maximum Volume= (𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝟒𝟔)(𝟕. 𝟏𝟒𝟔)(𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝟕) = 𝟐𝟔𝟐. 𝟕𝐜𝐦𝟑
6. Determine the height and radius of a cylinder of volume 200cm3 which has the least
surface area. [8]
SOLUTION
Let the cylinder have a radius 𝑟 and perpendicular height ℎ.
Volume of cylinder 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ = 200 … … … (1)

Surface area of cylinder 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 2𝜋𝑟 2
NB: Least surface area means minimum surface area and a formula for the surface area
in terms of one variable only is required.
200
From equation (1), ℎ = 𝜋𝑟 2
200
Hence surface area, 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 (𝜋𝑟 2 ) + 2𝜋𝑟 2
400
= + 2𝜋𝑟 2
𝑟
= 400𝑟 −1 + 2𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝐴 400
=− + 4𝜋𝑟 = 0, for a turning point.
𝑑𝑟 𝑟2
400
Hence, 4𝜋𝑟 = 𝑟2
3 400
And 𝑟 = 4𝜋
3 100
From which, 𝑟 = √ = 3.169 𝑐𝑚.
𝜋
𝑑2 𝐴 800
= + 4𝜋
𝑑𝑟 2 𝑟3
𝑑2 𝐴 800
When 𝑟 = 3.169 𝑐𝑚, = (3.169)3 + 4𝜋 > 0 giving a minimum value.
𝑑𝑟 2
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 38

200
Hence ℎ = 𝜋(3.169)2 = 6.339𝑐𝑚.
Therefore for a least surface area, a cylinder of volume 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐜𝐦𝟑 has radius of 3.169
cm and height of 6.339 cm.
7. An open rectangular box with square ends is fitted with an overlapping lid which
covers the top and the front face. Determine the maximum volume of the box if
6m2 of metal are used in its construction. [8]
SOLUTION
𝑥
𝑦
Hence, 𝐴 = 𝑥 2 (2) + 𝑥𝑦(2) + 𝑥𝑦(2) + 𝑥𝑦

𝐴 = 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑦
Since it is the maximum volume required, a formula for the volume in terms of one variable only
is needed.
Volume of a box, 𝑉 = 𝑥 2 𝑦
6−2𝑥 2 6 2𝑥
𝑦= = −
5𝑥 5𝑥 5
6 2𝑥
Hence volume 𝑉 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ( − )
5𝑥 5
6𝑥 2𝑥 3
= −
5 5
𝑑𝑉 6 6𝑥 2
Now, = − = 0 for a maximum or minimum value.
𝑑𝑥 5 5
Hence 6 = 6𝑥 2 , giving 𝑥 = 1 𝑚 (𝑥 = −1)is not possible, and is thus neglected.
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 39

𝑑2𝑉 12𝑥
=−
𝑑𝑥 2 5
𝑑2 𝑉 12(1)
When 𝑥 = 1, =− < 0 which gives a maximum value.
𝑑𝑥 2 5
6 2(1) 4
Now, when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 5(1) − =5
5
Hence the maximum volume of the box is given by;

𝟒 𝟒
𝑽 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = (𝟏)𝟐 (𝟓) = 𝟓 𝒎𝟑

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Acts 15 vs. 11
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 40

A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
SOLUTION
Sharewell B. C
1. The fuel economy E of a car, in miles per gallon, is given by:
𝐸 = 21 + 2.10 × 10−2 𝑣 2 − 3.80 × 10−6 𝑣 4 , where 𝑣 is the speed of the car in miles
per hour.
Determine, correct to 3 significant figures, the most economical fuel consumption,
and the speed at which it is achieved. [8]
SOLUTION
𝐸 = 21 + 2.10 × 10−2 𝑣 2 − 3.80 × 10−6 𝑣 4

𝑑𝐸
= (2)2.10 × 10−2 𝑣 − (4)3.80 × 10−6 𝑣 3
𝑑𝑣
= 4.2 × 10−2 𝑣 − 15.2 × 10−6 𝑣 3

𝑑𝐸
At turning point, =0
𝑑𝑣
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 41

4.2 × 10−2 𝑣 − 15.2 × 10−6 𝑣 3 = 0
𝑣(4.2 × 10−2 − 15.2 × 10−6 𝑣 2 ) = 0
4.2×10−2
∴ 𝑣 = 0; 𝑣=√ ≈ 52.5657483
15.2×10−6
It is clear that speed ,𝑣 can not be 0, so we take the other value.
𝑑2 𝐸
= 4.2 × 10−2 − (3)15.2 × 10−6 𝑣 2
𝑑𝑣 2
𝑑2𝐸
So when 𝑣 = 52.5657483, = 4.2 × 10−2 − (3)15.2 × 10−6 (52.5657483)2
𝑑𝑣 2
21
=− , which is negative, hence we have a minimum value.
250
4.2×10−2
So when when 𝑣 = √ ≈ 52.5657483 ,
15.2×10−6
𝐸 = 21 + 2.10 × 10−2 (52.5657483)2 − 3.80 × 10−6 (52.5657483)4 =

50.01315789
So, the most economical fuel consumption 𝑬 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟎 miles/gallon, and the
speed at which it is achieved 𝒗 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟔 miles/hour.
2. Find the diameter and height of a cylinder of maximum volume which can be cut
from a sphere of radius 12𝑐𝑚. [8]
SOLUTION
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 42

Volume of a cylinder 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ… (1)
𝑄
𝑃
ℎ
2
ℎ
𝑂
Using right angled triangle OPQ ;

ℎ 2
𝑟 2 + ( ) = 𝑅2 by Pythagoras’ theorem,
2
ℎ 2
𝑟 2 + ( ) = 144
2
Since the maximum volume is required, a formula for the volume V is
needed in terms of one variable only.
ℎ2
𝑟 2 = 144 −
4
Substituting into equation (1), gives;

ℎ2
𝑉 = 𝜋 (144 − )ℎ
4
𝜋ℎ 3
𝑉 = 144𝜋ℎ −
4
𝑑𝑉 3𝜋ℎ 2
= 144𝜋 − = 0 ,for a maximum or minimum value.
𝑑ℎ 4
𝜋ℎ 3
Hence, 144𝜋ℎ =
4
(144)4
For which, ℎ = √ = 13.86 𝑐𝑚
3
𝑑2 𝑉 −6𝜋ℎ
=
𝑑ℎ 2 4
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 43

𝑑2 𝑉 −6𝜋(13.86) 2079𝜋
When, ℎ = 13.86, = =− < 0, which gives a maximum
𝑑ℎ 2 4 100
value.
(13.86)2
∴ From equation (2); 𝑟 = √144 −
4
𝑟 = 9.80 𝑐𝑚
Diameter of the cylinder= 2𝑟 = 2(9.80) = 19.60 𝑐𝑚
Hence the cylinder having the maximum volume that can be cut from a sphere
of radius 12 cm is one in which the diameter is 19.60 cm and the height is 13.9
cm.
3. A lidless box with square ends is to be made from a thin sheet of metal. Determine
the least area of the metal for which the volume of the box is 3.5𝑚3. [8]
SOLUTION
Hence, 𝐴 = 𝑥 2 (2) + 𝑥𝑦(2) + 𝑥𝑦

𝐴 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦
Since it is the least area required, a formula for the area in terms of one
variable only is needed.
Volume of a box, 𝑉 = 𝑥 2 𝑦
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 44

Since volume of the box is 3.5𝑚3
3.5 = 𝑥 2 𝑦
3.5
∴𝑦=
𝑥2
3.5
𝐴 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ( 2 )
𝑥
𝑑𝐴 10.5
= 4𝑥 −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑥
10.5
0 = 4𝑥 −
𝑥2
4𝑥 3 −10.5
=0
𝑥2
3
𝑥 = √2.625
𝑑2 𝐴 21
=4+
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥3
3
When 𝑥 = √2.625
𝑑2 𝐴 35
=4+ 3 = 12 > 0, hence we have a minimum value.
𝑑𝑥 2 ( √2.625)3
3
So when 𝑥 = √2.625 = 1.379462088 m
∴ The least area of the metal for which the volume of the boxis 3.5m3 is, 𝐀 =
𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟗𝟑𝟗𝟐 𝐦𝟐 ≈ 𝟏𝟏 𝐦𝟐
4. A closed cylindrical container has a surface area of 400 𝑐𝑚2 . Determine the
dimensions for maximum volume. [8]
SOLUTION
Surface area of a cylinder = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ… (1)

∴ 400 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
200−𝜋𝑟 2
ℎ= … (2)
𝜋𝑟
Now Volume of a cylinder = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 45

Substituting equation (2) into (1) we get;
200−𝜋𝑟 2
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ( )
𝜋𝑟
𝑉 = 200𝑟 − 𝜋𝑟 3
𝑑𝑉
= 200 − 3𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑉
At turning point, = 200 − 3𝜋𝑟 2 = 0
𝑑𝑟
200 − 3𝜋𝑟 2 = 0
2 200
𝑟=√
3𝜋
𝑑2 𝑉
= −6𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑟 2
2 200 𝑑2𝑉 2 200

When 𝑟 = √ , = −6𝜋 (√ ) = −86.83215055 < 0 , hence we have a
3𝜋 𝑑𝑟 2 3𝜋
maximum value.
2
2 200
200−𝜋( √ )
3𝜋
∴ℎ= 2 200
𝜋( √ )
3𝜋
ℎ = 9.213177319
Therefore the dimensions for maximum volume are;
Height = 𝟗. 𝟐 𝒄𝒎
Radius 𝟒. 𝟔 𝒄𝒎
5
5. Resistance to motion, F , of a moving vehicle, is given by: 𝐹 = 𝑥 + 100𝑥. Determine
the minimum value of resistance. [6]
SOLUTION
5
𝐹 = + 100𝑥
𝑥
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 46

𝑑𝐹 5
=− + 100
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝐹
𝑑𝑥
5
− + 100 = 0
𝑥2
100𝑥 2 = 5
5
𝑥=√
100
√5
𝑥=
10
𝑑2 𝐹 10
=
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥3
√5 𝑑2𝐹 10
When 𝑥 = , = 3 = 894.427191 > 0, hence we have a minimum
10 𝑑𝑥 2 √5
( )
10
value.
5 √5
𝐹= √5
+ 100 ( ) = 20√5
( ) 10
10
So, the minimum value of resistance is 44.72135955 ≈ 𝟒𝟓.
6. Consider the semicircle below. It has diameter XY and the point A is any point on the
arc XY. The point A can move but it is required that XA + AY = 25. Find the
maximum area of the triangle XAY. [8]
X Y
SOLUTION
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 47

A
𝑏
𝑎
X Y
Let AX be 𝑎 and AY be 𝑏.
Now; 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 25
1
Also area of a triangle = 𝑎𝑏
2
Since we want to find the maximum area of a triangle, the equation must be in the
form of one variable only.
So, since; 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 25 From Pythagoras theorem
𝑎2 = 25 − 𝑏2 … (2)
𝑎 = √25 − 𝑏2
Substituting equation (2) into equation (1) we get;
1
𝐴 = 𝑏(√25 − 𝑏2 )
2
1 1
𝐴 = 𝑏(25 − 𝑏2 )2
2
𝑑𝐴 1 1 1 1 1
= 𝑏. ( ) . (−2𝑏)(25 − 𝑏2 )−2 + (25 − 𝑏2 )2
𝑑𝑏 2 2 2
1
𝑑𝐴 (− 𝑏2 ) 1
2
= √25−𝑏2 + √25 − 𝑏2
𝑑𝑏 2
1 1
𝑑𝐴 (− 𝑏2 )+ (25−𝑏2 )
2 2
= √25−𝑏2
𝑑𝑏
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 48

𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑏
1 1
(− 𝑏2 )+ (25−𝑏2 )
2 2
√25−𝑏2
=0
1 1
(− 𝑏2 ) + (25 − 𝑏2 ) = 0
2 2
−𝑏2 + 25 − 𝑏2 = 0
2𝑏2 = 25
𝑏 = √12.5
𝑑2 𝐴 1 1 3 1 1 1
= (− 𝑏2 ) (− ) (−2𝑏)(25 − 𝑏2 )−2 + (−𝑏)(25 − 𝑏2 )−2 + ( ) ( ) (−2𝑏)(25 −
𝑑𝑏2 2 2 2 2
1
𝑏 2 )− 2
When 𝑏 = √12.5
3
𝑑2 𝐴 1 2 1 −
2
= (− (√12.5) ) (− ) (−2√12.5)(25 − (√12.5)) + (−√12.5) (25 −
𝑑𝑏2 2 2
1 1
2 −2 1 1 2 −2
(√12.5) ) + ( ) ( ) (−2(√12.5) (25 − (√12.5) ) = −2 so we have a maximum
2 2
value.
So, since 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 25
2
𝑎2 = 25 − (√12.5) = 12.5
∴ 12.5 + 12.5 = 25
1
Now, 𝐴 = (12.5)(12.5) = 78.125
2
Therefore, the maximum area of the triangle XAY is ≈ 𝟕𝟖.
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 49

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Psalms 73 vs. 28
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 50

A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
SOLUTION
Sharewell B. C
64
1. A function is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥 2. Find the values of 𝑥 for which the
function is increasing. [4]
SOLUTION
64
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 +
𝑥2
128
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 2 −
𝑥3
∴ The values of x for which the function is increasing; f′(x) > 0

128
2− >0
𝑥3
2𝑥 3 −128
>0
𝑥3
2𝑥 3 − 128 > 0
2𝑥 3 > 128
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 51

𝑥 3 > 64
∴𝒙>𝟒
(2𝑥−7)2
a) [2]
√𝑥
(1−2𝑥)3
b) [2]
𝑥3
SOLUTION
𝑑 (2𝑥−7)2
a) { }
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥
𝑑 1
{(2𝑥 − 7)2 𝑥 −2 }
𝑑𝑥
1 1 3
= 2(2)(2𝑥 − 7)2−1 𝑥 −2 + (− ) 𝑥 −2 (2𝑥 − 7)2
2
𝟒 𝟏
= (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕) { − 𝟑 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕)}
√𝒙 𝟐(√𝒙)
𝑑 (1−2𝑥)3
b) ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
𝑑
{(1 − 2𝑥)3 𝑥 −3 }
𝑑𝑥
= 3(−2)(1 − 2𝑥)2 𝑥 −3 + (−3)𝑥 −4 (1 − 2𝑥)3

3(1−2𝑥)2 (1−2𝑥)
= {(−2) − }
𝑥3 𝑥
3(1−2𝑥)2 −2𝑥−1+2𝑥
= { }
𝑥3 𝑥
3(1−2𝑥)2 1
= {− }
𝑥3 𝑥
−𝟑(𝟏−𝟐𝒙)𝟐
=
𝒙𝟒
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 52

a) ln(1 + 2𝑥)2 [2]
(3𝑥 3 −2𝑥)
b) 𝑒 [3]
c) 𝑥In𝑥 [2]
d) (𝑥 2 + 4)In√𝑥 [4]
𝑥2
e) In [ ] [4]
(𝑥+3)(𝑥 2 −1)
SOLUTION
a) ln(1 + 2𝑥)2
NB: When differentiating In(𝑢) where 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑑 1
{In𝑓 (𝑥)} = × 𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑
{𝑙𝑛(1 + 2𝑥)2 }
𝑑𝑥
1
= [{2(1 + 2𝑥)(2)} × (1+2𝑥)2]
𝟒
=
(𝟏+𝟐𝒙)
3 −2𝑥)
b) 𝑒 (3𝑥
𝑑 3 −2𝑥)
(𝑒 (3𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝟑 −𝟐𝒙)
= (𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐)𝒆(𝟑𝒙
c) 𝑥In𝑥
𝑑
(𝑥In𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1
= In𝑥 + 𝑥 ( )
𝑥
= 𝐈𝐧𝒙 + 𝟏
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 53

d) (𝑥 2 + 4)In√𝑥
𝑑 1
((𝑥 2 + 4)In(𝑥)2 )
𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
= (2𝑥)In(𝑥)2 + (𝑥 2 + 4) ( 1) ( ) 𝑥 −2
2
𝑥2
𝑥 2 +4
= 2𝑥In√𝑥 +
2𝑥
2 (𝑥 2 +4)
= 𝑥In(√𝑥) +
2𝑥
(𝒙𝟐 +𝟒)
= 𝒙𝐈𝐧𝒙 +
𝟐𝒙
𝑥2
e) In [(𝑥+3)(𝑥2 ]
−1)
𝑑 𝑥2
(In [(𝑥+3)(𝑥2 ])
𝑑𝑥 −1)
1
= 𝑥2
× 2𝑥 {(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 1)}−1 + (−1){(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 −
[ ]
(𝑥+3)(𝑥2 −1)
1)}−2 (3𝑥 2 − 1 − 6𝑥)

(𝑥+3)(𝑥 2 −1) 2𝑥 (3𝑥 2 −1−6𝑥)
= ((𝑥+3)(𝑥2 ) − {(𝑥+3)(𝑥2
𝑥2 −1) −1)}2
𝟐 (𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟏−𝟔𝒙)
= − 𝟐
𝒙 {(𝒙+𝟑)(𝒙𝟐 −𝟏)}
a) cos(𝜋 − 2𝑥) [2]

b) In𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 [3]
c) In𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 [3]
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 54

(𝑥+3)3
d) In√ [4]
(𝑥 2 +2)
e) {In(𝑡𝑎𝑛)}2 [4]
f) cos(𝑥 2 + 3) [2]
SOLUTION
a) cos(𝜋 − 2𝑥)
𝑑
(𝑐𝑜 𝑠(𝜋 − 2𝑥))
𝑑𝑥
= {−𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 − 2𝑥)(−2)}
= 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝅 − 𝟐𝒙)
b) In𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥
𝑑
(In𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1
= × 3 sin2 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥
= 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙
c) In𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
𝑑
(𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1
= (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥)
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
= (− )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 sin2 𝑥
1
=−
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 55

(𝑥+3)3
d) In√
(𝑥 2 +2)
𝑑 (𝑥+3)3
(In√(𝑥2 )
𝑑𝑥 +2)
𝑑 3 1
(In [(𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 2 + 2)−2 ]
𝑑𝑥
1 3 1 1 3 1
= 3 1 × {( ) (𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 2 + 2)−2 + (𝑥 + 3)2 (− ) (2𝑥)(𝑥 2 +
(𝑥+3)2 (𝑥 2 +2)−2 2 2
3
2)− 2 }
1 1 1 3 3
3 − 1 −
(𝑥 2 +2)2 {( )(𝑥+3)2 (𝑥 2 +2) 2 +(𝑥+3)2 (− )(2𝑥)(𝑥 2 +2) 2 }
2 2
= 3
(𝑥+3)2
1 1 3 3
3 − 1 −
√𝑥 2 +2(𝑥+3)2 (𝑥 2 +2) 2 √𝑥 2 +2(𝑥+3)2 (− )(2𝑥)(𝑥 2 +2) 2
2 2
= 3 + 3
(𝑥+3)2 (𝑥+3)2
√𝑥2 +2 3
1
3 √𝑥2 +2 (−𝑥)( 3)(𝑥+3)2
( )(𝑥+3)2
2 √𝑥2 +2 (√𝑥2 +2)
= 3 + 3
(𝑥+3)2 (𝑥+3)2
3 1 3 1 3
= (𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 + 3)−2 − 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)2−2
2
3 1 3 1 3
= (𝑥 + 3)2−2 − 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)2−2
2
3
= (𝑥 + 3)−1 − 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)−1
2
𝟑 𝒙
= −
𝟐(𝒙+𝟑) (𝒙𝟐 +𝟐)
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 56

e) {In(𝑡𝑎𝑛)}2
1
= 2{In(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)} × (sec 2 𝑥)
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
= 2{𝐼𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)} ( )( )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 cos2 𝑥
= 𝟐𝑰𝒏(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
f) cos(𝑥 2 + 3)
𝑑
{𝑐𝑜 𝑠(𝑥 2 + 3)}
𝑑𝑥
= −sin(𝑥 2 + 3)(2𝑥)
= −𝟐𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑)
5. Find the derivative of 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 [4]
SOLUTION
𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑑
(𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 2(𝑥 + 2)𝑒 3𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + sec 2 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)2

= 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2){3(𝑥 + 2)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + (𝑥 + 2) sec 2 𝑥}
= 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2){3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 6𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + (𝑥 + 2) sec 2 𝑥}
= 𝒆𝟑𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝟐){(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔)𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + (𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙}
𝜋
sec(𝑥+ )
4
6. Find the derivative of [4]
𝑒 2𝑥
S0LUTION
𝜋
sec(𝑥+ )
4
𝑒 2𝑥
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 57

𝑑 𝜋
{sec (𝑥 + ) (𝑒 2𝑥 )−1 }
𝑑𝑥 4
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= sec (𝑥 + ) tan (𝑥 + ) (𝑒 2𝑥 )−1 + sec (𝑥 + ) (−1) (2)(𝑒 2𝑥 )−2
4 4 4
𝝅
𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝒙+ ) 𝝅 𝟐
𝟒
= {𝐭𝐚𝐧 (𝒙 + ) − }
𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝟒 𝒆𝟐𝒙

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Psalm 148 vs. 13
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 58

A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
SOLUTION
Sharewell B. C
𝑑𝑦
1. Find 𝑑𝑥 ,
a) 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 2 [3]
b) 𝑦 = 𝑥3𝑥 [3]
SOLUTION
a) 𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = (2𝑦 − 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙+𝒚
∴ =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒚−𝒙
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 59

b) 𝑦 = 𝑥3𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 + 𝑥3𝑥 In3
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟑𝒙 (𝟏 + 𝒙𝐈𝐧𝟑)
𝒅𝒙
𝑑
NB: 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 In𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. Find 𝑑𝑥 given that 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 [3]
SOLUTION
𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
sec 2 𝑦 = 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= 1
𝑑𝑥 ( )
cos2 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
= cos 2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑂𝑝𝑝
Now from the diagram and since 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗
𝑑𝑦 1 2
= (√𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 +1
𝒅𝒚 𝟏
= 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
𝒅𝒙
3. Find the cartesian equation of the curve whose parametric equation are;
a) 𝑥 = 2𝑡
2
𝑦= [4]
𝑡
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 60

𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 [4]
SOLUTION
𝑥
a) 𝑡 =
2
2 2 4
𝑦= → 𝑦= 𝑥 =
𝑡 ( ) 𝑥
2
𝟒
So, the cartesian equation of the curve is 𝒚 =
𝒙
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
From the identity, sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 ≡ 1
Now substituting 𝑥 and 𝑦 in the identity we get;

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
So, the cartesian equation of the curve is 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐
𝑡 𝑡2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4. If 𝑥 = 1−𝑡 and 𝑦 = 1−𝑡, find 𝑑𝑥 in terms of 𝑡. What is the value 𝑑𝑥 at the point where
𝑥 = 1. [4]
SOLUTION
𝑡
𝑥=
1−𝑡
𝑑𝑥
= (1 − 𝑡 )−1 + (−𝑡 )(−1)(1 − 𝑡 )−2
𝑑𝑡
𝑡
= (1 − 𝑡 )−1 + (1−𝑡)2
(1−𝑡)+𝑡
= (1−𝑡)2
1
= (1−𝑡)2
𝑡2
𝑦=
1−𝑡
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 61

𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑡 (1 − 𝑡 )−1 + (𝑡 2 )(−1)(−1)(1 − 𝑡 )−2
𝑑𝑡
2𝑡 𝑡2
= + (1−𝑡)2
1−𝑡
2𝑡(1−𝑡)+𝑡 2
= (1−𝑡)2
2𝑡−2𝑡 2 +𝑡 2
= (1−𝑡)2
2𝑡−𝑡 2
= (1−𝑡)2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
Since, = ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑡−𝑡 2 (1−𝑡)2
= (1−𝑡)2 ×
𝑑𝑥 1
= 2𝑡 − 𝑡 2
Now when 𝑥 = 1
𝑡
1=
1−𝑡
1−𝑡 =𝑡
1
𝑡=
2
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1 2 1
So, at 𝑡 = , = 2( ) − ( ) = 1 −
2 𝑑𝑥 2 2 4
𝒅𝒚 𝟑
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟒
5. The parametric equations of a circle are;

𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽 where 0 < 𝛽 < 360°
𝑑𝑦
Show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽. Find the equation of the circle at the point where 𝛽 = 30° in
the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. [5]

SOLUTION
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 62

For, 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽
𝑑𝑥
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽
𝑑𝛽
And for, 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽

𝑑𝑦
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛽
𝑑𝛽
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝛽
Since, = ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝛽 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 (−1)
Therefore, = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛽 ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
=( )( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽
1
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽 (shown)
To find the equation of the circle we need to find the gradient and at least
one coordinates on the circle.
𝑑𝑦
Gradient is at and when 𝛽 = 30° we get;
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 2√3
= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° 3
1
𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽 ⇨ 𝑥= =2
𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽 ⇨ 𝑦= = √3
𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
(𝑦 − 𝑦̅) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )
2√3
(𝑦 − √3) = ( 𝑥 − 2)
3
2√3 2√3
𝑦= 𝑥− ( 2 ) − √3
3 3
𝟐√𝟑 √𝟑
Therefore the equation is 𝒚 = 𝒙+ .
𝟑 𝟑
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 63

𝑎
6. The curve C has parametric equations 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑥 = 𝑡 , 𝑡 > 0.
(i) Write down the cartesian equation of the curve C. [2]

(ii) Given that the point P lies on C, show that the equation of the normal to C at P
is 8𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 15𝑎 when 𝑡 = 2. [3]
𝑎
(iii) This normal meet C at Q (−8𝑎; − 8). Given that PQ is the diameter of the
circle, show that the equation of this circle is

15𝑎 2 15𝑎 2 4913𝑎2
(𝑥 + ) + (𝑦 − ) = . [4]
4 16 256
SOLUTION
𝑎
(i) 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑥 =
𝑡
𝑦
=𝑡
𝑎
𝑎 𝑎
For 𝑥 = , substituting for 𝑡 ⇨ 𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑡 ( )
𝑎
𝑎2
𝑥=
𝑦
𝒂𝟐
∴ The cartesian equation of the curve is 𝒚 = .
𝒙
(ii) When 𝑡 = 2
𝑎
𝑦 = 2𝑎 and 𝑥 =
2
𝑑𝑦 𝑎2
Then, =− which is the gradient function of the tangent.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
The gradient of the normal (𝑚2 ) is, 𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1

1 𝑥2
𝑚2 = − 𝑎2
⇨ 𝑚2 =
(− 2 ) 𝑎2
𝑥
𝑎 2
𝑎 𝑥2 ( ) 1
2
But, 𝑥 = so, 𝑚2 = ⇨ 𝑚2 = =
2 𝑎2 𝑎2 4
Now, the equation of the normal to C is;
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 64

(𝑦 − 𝑦̅) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )
1 𝑎
(𝑦 − 2𝑎) = (𝑥 − )
4 2
1 𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑥 − + 2𝑎
4 8
1 15𝑎
𝑦= 𝑥+
4 8
𝟖𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓𝒂 (shown).
(iii)
𝑎
P( ; 2𝑎)
2 𝑎
Q(−8𝑎; − )
8𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 15𝑎 8
𝑎 𝑎
+(−8)𝑎 2𝑎+(− ) 15𝑎 15𝑎
2 8
Centre of the circle is, [( )( )] = (− ; )
2 2 4 16
2 2
15𝑎 15𝑎 𝑎
So, the radius 𝑟 of the circle is, 𝑟 = √((− ) − (−8𝑎)) + (( 16 ) − (− 8))
4
17𝑎 2 17𝑎 2 4913𝑎2

𝑟 = √( ) + ( 16 ) = √
4 256
The equation of the circle; (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2.
2 2 2
15𝑎 15𝑎 4913𝑎2
Substituting; (𝑥 − (− )) + (𝑦 − ( 16 )) = (√ )
4 256
𝟏𝟓𝒂 𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝒂 𝟐 𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟑𝒂𝟐

∴ (𝒙 + ) + (𝒚 − ) = (shown).
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓𝟔
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 65

7. Show that;
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
a) 2𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 2 = 0 for 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. [4]
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
b) 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0 for 𝑥𝑦 = In𝑥. [4]
SOLUTION
a) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑒𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
𝑒𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥 ( ) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
Since 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
𝑒𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥 ( ) = −𝑒 𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
2𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 + 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥 ( )=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
Now, dividing both sides with 𝑒 𝑥 we get;
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐 +( ) = 𝟎 (shown).
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐
b) 𝑥𝑦 = In𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
𝑦+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 1
+ +𝑥 =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 1
2 +𝑥 =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥3 = −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
From the first derivative; 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 =1
𝑑𝑥
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 66

𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥3 = − (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥3 = −𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟎 (shown).
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐
8. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅, 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ at the point
3𝜋
where ∅ = . [4]
4
SOLUTION
𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅, 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ and = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
𝑑∅ 𝑑∅
𝑑𝑦 2𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 3𝜋
=− which is the gradient function. At ∅ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 4
3
𝑑𝑦 2 cos( 𝜋)
4
=− 3 =2
𝑑𝑥 sin( 𝜋)
4
3 √2
𝑥 = cos ( 𝜋) = −
4 2
3
𝑦 = 2 sin ( 𝜋) = √2
4
The equation of the tangent; (𝑦 − 𝑦̅) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )
√2
(𝑦 − √2) = 2 (𝑥 − (− ))
2
2√2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + + √2
2
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐√𝟐
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 67

AND ASSISTANCE!
Sharewell B. C
Proverbs 27 vs. 9
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 68

A’ LEVEL
PURE MATHEMATICS
SOLUTION
Sharewell B. C
𝟑
1. Using 𝒚 = √𝒙 find, 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟, an approximate value for;
3
a) √9 [3]
3
b) √63 [3]
SOLUTION
2
𝑑𝑦 1
= 3 (𝑥)−3
3
a) 𝑦 = √𝑥 ⇨ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
𝛿𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥 gives 𝛿𝑦 ≈ 3 2 𝛿𝑥
3( √𝑥)
Now, taking the value with an exact cube root.
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 69

3
𝑥 = 8, 𝑦 = √8 and 𝛿𝑥 = 1
1
𝛿𝑦 ≈ 3 2 (1)
3( √8)
1
𝛿𝑦 ≈ 12
3
Therefore, √9 = 𝑦 + 𝛿𝑦
3 1
≈ √8 + 12
25
≈ 12 ≈ 2.083333333
≈ 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖
2
𝑑𝑦 1
= 3 (𝑥)−3
3
b) 𝑦 = √𝑥 ⇨ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
𝛿𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥 gives 𝛿𝑦 ≈ 3 2 𝛿𝑥
3( √𝑥)
Now, taking the value with an exact cube root.

3
𝑥 = 64, 𝑦 = √64 and 𝛿𝑥 = −1
1
𝛿𝑦 ≈ 3 2 (−1)
3( √64)
1
≈ − 48
3
Therefore, √63 = 𝑦 + 𝛿𝑦
3 1
≈ √64 − 48
191
≈ ≈ 3.979166667
48
≈ 𝟑. 𝟗𝟕𝟗
2. Given 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙, determine the approximate change in 𝑦 if 𝑥 changes from 1 to

1.02. [5]
SOLUTION
𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 70

𝑑𝑦
So, 𝑑𝑥 = 8𝑥 − 1
Therefore, approximate change in 𝑦,

𝑑𝑦
𝛿𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥
≈ (8𝑥 − 1)𝛿𝑥
Now, when 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛿𝑥 = 0.02
𝛿𝑦 ≈ {8(1) − 1}(0.02)
The approximate change in 𝑦 is therefore ≈ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒
3. The radius of a sphere decreases from 6.0 cm to 5.96 cm. Determine the approximate
change in;
a) the surface area, and

b) the volume. [7]
SOLUTION
a) Surface area A of a sphere is 4𝜋𝑟 2

𝑑𝐴
So, 𝑑𝑟 = 8𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝐴
Approximate change in the surface area is 𝛿𝐴 ≈ 𝛿𝑟
𝑑𝑟
When 𝑟 = 6 and 𝛿𝑥 = −0.04

Substituting; 𝛿𝐴 ≈ 8𝜋(6)(−0.04)
≈ −6.031857895
≈ −𝟔. 𝟎𝟑 𝐜𝐦𝟐
4
b) Volume V of a sphere is 3 𝜋𝑟 3
𝑑𝑉
So, 𝑑𝑟 = 4𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝑉
Approximate change in the volume is 𝛿𝑉 ≈ 𝛿𝑟
𝑑𝑟
When 𝑟 = 6 and 𝛿𝑥 = −0.04
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 71

Substituting; 𝛿𝑉 ≈ 4𝜋(6)2 (−0.04)
≈ −18.09557368
≈ −𝟏𝟖. 𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦𝟑
4. The time of swing T of a pendulum is given by 𝑻 = 𝒌√𝒍, where 𝑘 is a constant.

Determine the percentage change in the time of swing if the length of a pendulum 𝑙
changes from 32.1 cm to 32.0 cm. [6]
SOLUTION
𝑇 = −0.156% = 𝑘√𝑙
1
𝑇 = 𝑘(𝑙)2
1
𝑑𝑇 1 𝑘
= 𝑘 (2 𝑙 −2 ) = 2√𝑙
𝑑𝑙
Now, approximate change in T,

Since, the pendulum decreases 𝑙 = (32.0 − 32.1) = −0.1
𝑑𝑇 𝑘 𝑘
𝛿𝑇 ≈ 𝛿𝑙 ≈ 2√𝑙 𝛿𝑙 ≈ 2√𝑙 (−0.1)
𝑑𝑙
Percentage error:
𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑇
=( ) × 100%
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑇
𝑘
( )(−0.1)
2√𝑙
= × 100%
𝑘√𝑙
−0.1
=( ) × 100%
2𝑙
−0.1
= (2(32.1)) × 100%
= (−)0.156%
Hence, the percentage change in the time of swing is a decrease of 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟔%.
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 72

5. Water is being poured into a cone, with its vertex pointing downwards. This is
shown in the diagram below. The cone is initially empty and water is poured in at a
rate of 25cm3 s −1 . Find the rate at which the depth of water is increasing after 30
seconds. [6]
𝑟
ℎ
60°
SOLUTION
𝑑ℎ
The rate of change required is 𝑑𝑡 , where ℎ is the depth of the liquid.
𝑑𝑉
The rate of change we have is = 25
𝑑𝑡
𝑑ℎ 𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ
Therefore the connection will be 𝑑𝑡 = × 𝑑𝑉.
𝑑𝑡
Now, finding a formula linking V and h.

1
Since the volume V of a cone is 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ.
Finding a formula connecting ℎ and 𝑟. From the diagram;

𝑟
tan 60°= ℎ
𝑟 = ℎ√3
1
Therefore, 𝑉 = 3 𝜋 × 3ℎ2 × ℎ
𝑉 = 𝜋ℎ3
𝑑𝑉
= 3𝜋ℎ2
𝑑ℎ
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 73

Now, since 𝑑𝑡 = × 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡
𝑑ℎ 1 25
= 25 × 3𝜋ℎ2 = 2𝜋ℎ2
𝑑𝑡
So after 30 seconds the volume will be 30 × 25 = 750 cm3 . Using 𝑉 = 𝜋ℎ3

We get, 750 = 𝜋ℎ3
3 750
⇨ℎ = √ 𝜋
⇨ ℎ = 6.203504909
𝑑ℎ 25
Therefore, 𝑑𝑡 = 2 = 0.06892783232
3 750
3𝜋×( √ )
𝜋
Hence, the rate at which the depth of the liquid is increasing after 30 seconds is
0.0689 𝐜𝐦𝐬 −𝟏 .
6. Ink is dropped on to bottling paper forming a circular stain which increases in area
at a rate of 2.5cm2 /s. Find the rate at which the radius is changing when the area of
the stain is 16𝜋cm2 . [5]
SOLUTION
𝑑𝑟
The rate of change required is 𝑑𝑡 , where 𝑟 is the radius.
𝑑𝐴
The given rate of change is 𝑑𝑡 = 2.5cm2 /𝑠
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
The connection will be, 𝑑𝑡 = × 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡
Since, the area A of a circle is 𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
16𝜋 = 𝜋𝑟 2
∴ 𝑟 = 4, ∵ (𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒) 𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒 (−4)
𝑑𝐴
So, 𝑑𝑟 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑟 1
Now, 𝑑𝑡 = 2.5 × 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑟 2.5
Substituting; = 2𝜋×(4) = 0.09947183943
𝑑𝑡
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 74

Hence, the rate at which the radius is changing when the area of the stain is 16𝝅𝐜𝐦𝟐
is 0.0994 cm/s.
7. A container in the form of a right circular cone of height 16 cm and the base radius 4
cm is held vertex downward and filled with water. If water leaks out from the vertex
at a rate of 4 cm3 /s, find the rate of change of the depth of water in the cone when
half of the water has leaked out. [6]
SOLUTION
4 cm
𝑟
16 cm
𝑑ℎ
The required rate of change is 𝑑𝑡 .
𝑑𝑉
The rate of change we have is = −4
𝑑𝑡
Now, proportion between radius and depth is; 4 = 𝑘16, where 𝑘 is a constant.
1
∴𝑘=4
The connection of change is = × 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
1
Volume V of a cone is 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
But, we need an equation in terms of 𝑉 and ℎ only, where ℎ is the depth.

1
From proportion, 𝑟 = 4 ℎ.
1 1 2
Therefore, 𝑉 = 3 𝜋 (4 ℎ) ℎ
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 75

1
𝑉 = 48 𝜋ℎ3
𝑑𝑉 1
So, 𝑑ℎ = 16 𝜋ℎ2
𝑑ℎ 16
Now, 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜋ℎ2 × −4
𝑑ℎ 64
= − 𝜋ℎ2
𝑑𝑡
When the water is half way means that half of the water that was in the cone has
1 256 128
leaked out. So since Volume is 3 𝜋(4)2 (16) = 𝜋 half of the volume is 𝜋.
3 3
128 1 3
So, when 𝑉 = 𝜋 = 48 𝜋ℎ3 ⇨ ℎ = √2048
3
𝑑ℎ 64
∴ =− 2 = −0.126321362
𝑑𝑡 3
𝜋( √2048)
Hence, the rate of change of the depth of water in the cone when half of the water has
leaked is a decrease of 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝐜𝐦/s.
8. Given that 1° = 0.0175 rad, sin 60° = 0.8660 and sin 45° = 0.7071, use 𝑓(𝜃) = cos 𝜃
to find an approximate value of cos 59°. [3]
SOLUTION
Let 𝑦 = cos 𝜃
𝑑𝑦
Using, 𝛿𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝛿𝑥 ≈ − sin 𝜃 (𝛿𝜃)
Since, 𝛿𝜃 = −0.0175° and 𝑦 = cos 𝜃 and also, 𝑦 = sin 𝜃 at 60°.

Therefore, 𝛿𝑦 = − sin 60° (−0.0175°) = 0.01515544457
So, approximate value of cos 59° = cos 60°+𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟕 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟓𝟓 … ≈
𝟎. 𝟓𝟐.
@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 76

AND ASSISTANCE!
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@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 77

Matthew 6 vs. 1
Complied and typed by Sharerwell B. Chingwingwi (Share)

+263784089807
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@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 78

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A’ LEVEL

3. Differentiate each of the following function with respect to 𝑥.

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 1

a) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) where 𝑥 = 3 [4]

b) 𝑠 = √𝑡(1 + √𝑡) where 𝑡 = 4 [4]

b) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 1); −3 [4]

FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME FOR ANY ADJUSTMENTS, CLARIFICATIONS

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 2

3. Find the value(s) of 𝑥 for which 𝑦 has a stationary value.

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 3

FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME FOR ANY ADJUSTMENTS, CLARIFICATIONS

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 4

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 5

FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME FOR ANY ADJUSTMENTS, CLARIFICATIONS

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 6

1. The fuel economy E of a car, in miles per gallon, is given by:

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 7

FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME FOR ANY ADJUSTMENTS, CLARIFICATIONS

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 8

2. Differentiate the following with respect to 𝑥.

3. Differentiate the following with respect to 𝑥.

a) ln(1 + 2𝑥)2 [3]

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 9

a) cos(𝜋 − 2𝑥) [3]

5. Find the derivative of 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 [4]

FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME FOR ANY ADJUSTMENTS, CLARIFICATIONS

Psalm 148 vs. 13

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 10

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 11

5. The parametric equations of a circle are;

the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. [5]

(i) Write down the cartesian equation of the curve C. [2]

circle, show that the equation of this circle is

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 12

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 13

2. Given 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥, determine the approximate change in 𝑦 if 𝑥 changes from 1 to

a) the surface area, and

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 14

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 15

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 16

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 17

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 18

NB: From Pascal’s triangle/ Binomial theorem

𝑆𝑜; lim {4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 (𝛿𝑥) + 4𝑥(𝛿𝑥)2 + (𝛿𝑥)3 }

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 19

1(𝑥2 )−{𝑥2 +2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)+(𝛿𝑥)2 }

(𝑥2 )−𝑥2 −2𝑥(𝛿𝑥)−(𝛿𝑥)2

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 20

3. Differentiate each of the following function with respect to 𝑥.

= (−1)4𝑥 −2 + (−2)5𝑥 −3 − 6(−3)𝑥 −4

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 21

= 2(3)𝑥 3−1 − 3(2)𝑥 2−1 + 5𝑥 1−1

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠;

𝑆𝑜, 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 (𝑚2 );

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 22

a) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) where 𝑥 = 3 [4]

b) 𝑠 = √𝑡(1 + √𝑡) where 𝑡 = 4 [4]

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 23

𝑆𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 (𝑚2 );

b) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 1); −3 [4]

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 24

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 25

@2022 [SHARE] +263784089807 Res: Mutare 26