01.10d API & ISO Standards Choke and Kill Manif Chap 10d 3rd

Surface Well Control Equipment Workshop
Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

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Well Control Certification Check List

Land rigs and Jack-ups (Surface Equipment)
7.4 Kill and Choke Manifolds General
Specification for Choke and Kill Systems
7.4.1 Temperature ratings. Minimum temperature is the lowest API Spec. 16C
ambient temperature to which the equipment may be
subjected, while in service. Maximum temperature is the
highest fluid temperature, which may flow through the
equipment, while in services. Equipment shall be designed to
operate within the temperature ranges shown in Table
3.5.2.1.
7.4.2 Metallic materials which come in contact with the well fluid API Spec. 16C
shall meet the requirements of NACE Standard MR0175-91.
7.4.3 Test, vent, pipe plugs and gauge connections for use on API Spec. 16C
2,000 (13,8), 3,000 (20,7), 5,000 (34,5), 10,000 (69,0),
15,000 (103,5), and 20,000 (138,0) psi (Mpa) equipment
shall be as per API Specification 6A / ISO 10423, Section
911. Vent connections shall be in accordance with
manufacturers written specification.
7.4.4 Written specifications. Metallic and non-metallic pressure API Spec. 16C
containing parts shall have a manufacturer's written material
specification.
7.4.5 Metallic parts. The manufacturer's written specifications shall API Spec. 16C
include: 1. Acceptance and/or rejection criteria. 2. Allowable
melting practice(s). 3. Forming practice(s). 4. Heat treatment
procedure including cycle time and temperature with
tolerances, heat treating equipment and cooling media.
5. Material composition requirements, with tolerances.
6. Material qualification. 7. Mechanical property requirements.
8. NDE requirements.
7.4.6 Non-metallic parts. The manufacturer's written specifications API Spec. 16C
shall include: 1. Generic base polymer (ASTM D 1418). 2.
Physical properties requirements. 3.Material qualifications and
physical property changes after testing. 4.Storage and age
control requirements. 5.NDE requirements. 6.Acceptance
and/or rejection criteria.
7.4.7 Bodies, bonnets, plugs, caps and end connections. Materials API Spec. 16C
for these parts shall comply with Tables 4.52 and 4.5.3.
7.4.8 Pressure containing parts, bodies, bonnets, stems and end API Spec. 16C
connections. Pressure containing parts including bodies,
bonnets and API end connections shall be fabricated from
materials as specified by the manufacturer that meet the
requirements of Tables 4.5.2, 4.5.5.2, 4.5.3 and 4.5.5.4.
7.4.9 Impact requirements. Charpy V-Notch impacts shall meet the API Spec. 16C
values of Table 4.5.6.7.
© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 45

01.10d API & ISO Standards Choke and Kill Manif chap 10d 3rd ed

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7.4.10 Composition limits. Table 4.5.5.2 lists element limits for API Spec. 16C
carbon and low alloy steels and for martensitic stainless
steels used to manufacture pressure containing. parts. Non-
martensitic alloy systems are not required to conform to Table
4.5.5.2.
7.4.11 Alloy element range. Table 4.5.5.4 lists the range API Spec. 16C
requirements for elements used to form materials.
7.4.12 Welding procedure/performance. Welding procedures and API Spec. 16C
performance qualifications shall be per Articles II and III of
ASME Section IX
7.4.13 Application. Welding shall be performed in accordance with API Spec. 16C
qualified procedures by qualified welding personnel. Weld joint
types and sizes shall meet the manufacturer's written design
requirements.
7.4.14 Quality control requirements. Welding and completed welds API Spec. 16C
shall meet the requirements of Section 6.
7.4.15 Written procedure. Welding shall be performed in accordance API Spec. 16C
with welding procedure specifications (WPS) written and
qualified in accordance with Article II of ASME, Section IX.
The WPS shall describe the essential, non-essential and
supplementary essential variables (when required - see ASME,
Section IX).
7.4.16 The PQR (procedure qualification record) shall record essential API Spec. 16C
and supplementary essential (when required) variables of the
weld procedure used for the qualification test(s). Both the
WPS and PQR shall be maintained as records in accordance
with the requirements of Section 6.5.
7.4.17 Heat treatment. The post-weld heat treatment of the test API Spec. 16C
weldment shall be in the same temperature range as that as
that specified on the WPS. Allowable range for the post-weld
heat treatment on the WPS shall be a nominal temperature
range ±25°F (±-4°C).
7.4.18 Post weld heat treatment, local heating. Local post weld heat API Spec. 16C
treatment shall consist of heating a circumferential band
around the weld at a temperature within the ranges specified
in the qualified welding procedure specification. The minimum
width of the controlled band at each side of the weld on the
face of the greatest weld width shall be the thickness of the
weld or 2 inches from the weld edge, whichever is less.
Heating by direct flame impingement on the material shall not
be permitted.
7.4.19 Hardness testing. Hardness testing shall be in accordance API Spec. 16C
with Section 5.2.4.3.1 or Section 5.2.4.3.3.
7.4.20 Application. The post-weld heat treatment of the production API Spec. 16C
weldment shall be in the same temperature range as that
specified on the WPS. The stress relieving heat treatment
time(s) at temperature of production parts shall be equal to or
greater than that of the test weldment.


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7.4.21 Pressure containing repair weldments. Repair welding API Spec. 16C
procedures for bodies, bonnets, end connections and outlet
connections shall define the WPS and NDE requirements.
Welding shall be performed in accordance with the specified
WPS.
7.4.22 Base material. The base material requirements of material API Spec. 16C
composition, API material designation, impact toughness and
heat treatment condition shall be known prior to selecting a
qualified WPS. Fusion. The WPS selected for repair shall
ensure complete fusion. PQR. The WPS selected shall be
supported by a PQR as described in Section 5.2.3. Access:
There shall be adequate access to evaluate, removed, repair
and inspect the nonconforming condition.
7.4.23 Welder/welding operator qualification. The welder/welding API Spec. 16C
operator shall possess a valid qualification for the materials
and processes to be used in accordance with Section 6.
7.4.24 Hole repair - performance qualification. Bolt hole, tapped hole, API Spec. 16C
and machined blind hole repair performance qualification shall
be in accordance with Section 5. The welder/welding operator
shall perform an additional repair welding performance
qualification test using a mock-up hole.
7.4.25 The repair welding qualification test hole shall be qualified by API Spec. 16C
radiography in accordance with Section 6 or shall be cross
sectioned through the center line of the hole in two places 90
degrees apart and macro etched to verify complete fusion.
One surface of each of the four matching pairs shall be macro
etched. This evaluation shall include the total depth of the
hole.
7.4.26 The repair weld qualification shall be restricted by the API Spec. 16C
following essential variables for performance controls: 1. The
hole diameter used for the performance qualification test is
the minimum diameter qualified. Any hole with a greater
diameter than the diameter used for the test shall be
considered qualified. 2. The depth-to-diameter ratio of the test
hole shall qualify repairs to holes with the same or smaller
depth-to-diameter ratio. 3. The performance qualification test
hole shall have straight parallel walls. If any taper,
counterbore or other aid is used to enhance the hole
configuration of the performance test, that configuration shall
be considered as essential variable.
7.4.27 Post weld heat treatment. End and outlet connections with API Spec. 16C
corrosion resistant weld overlaid ring grooves shall be
subjected to post weld heat treatment in accordance with the
weld procedure qualification.
7.4.28 API Grooves. API grooves for welding shall be prepared in API Spec. 16C
accordance with API Specification 6A / ISO 10423 Section
901.


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7.4.29 Hardness testing for ring groove overlay. Hardness testing API Spec. 16C
shall be performed in the weld metal as part of the procedure
qualification testing. Test locations shall be within 0.125 inch
(3,2 mm) of the original base material. The average of 3 or
more test results shall be equal to or greater that Rockwell
B83 and recorded as part of the PQR.
7.4.30 Hardness testing. When the welding procedure is to be API Spec. 16C
qualified for use on bodies, bonnets, or flanges hardness
testing shall be as per Section 5.2.4.3. Hardness tests shall
be performed at a minimum of three test locations each: in
the base material, in the heat affected zone, and in each layer
of overlay up to a maximum of two layers. See Figure
5.4.3.6.
7.4.31 Measuring equipment records. The manufacturer shall API Spec. 16C
maintain individual records of measurement standards and
equipment as described below in items 1 through 7. Measure
standards and measuring equipment used for high accuracy
measurements require the additional data in items 8 and 9.
1. Unique identification of measurement standard or
equipment. 2. Identification of measurement standard
equipment and calibration procedure utilized in the calibration
process. 3. Planned calibration interval. 4. Date and results of
each calibration including actual readings taken prior to
adjustment, corrections or repairs. 5. Interval when due for
next calibration. 6. Individual performing calibration and
facility performing calibration. 7. Assigned location. When
appropriate the following additional information shall be
provided: 8. The environmental conditions for calibration and
the measurement data as measured and as corrected to
reference standards. 9. Details of any maintenance, servicing,
adjustment, repairs, or modification that could affect the
calibration status.
Pressure Measuring Devices
7.4.32 Type and accurancy . Test pressure measuring devices shall API Spec. 16C
be either pressure gauges or pressure transducers and shall be
accurate to at least ±0.5% of full scale range.
7.4.33 Range Pressure measurements shall be made at not less than API Spec. 16C
25% nor more than 75% of the full pressure range of the
pressure gauge.
7.4.34 Calculation procedure. Pressure measuring devices shall be API Spec. 16C
recalculated with a master pressure measuring device or a
dead weight tester at 25%, 50% and 75% of full scale.
7.4.35 Calibration intervals shall be maximum of three months until a API Spec. 16C
recorded calibration history can be established by the
manufacturer.
7.4.36 NDE Personnel shall be qualified in accordance with the API Spec. 16C
requirements specified in SNT-TC-1A, Personnel Qualification
and Certification in Non-destructive Testing.


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7.4.37 Nondestructive examination (NDE) instructions shall be API Spec. 16C

detailed regarding the requirements of this Specification and
those of applicable referenced standards. All NDE instructions
shall be approved by a Level III individual.
7.4.38 Hardness testing shall be performed with procedures specified API Spec. 16C
in ASTM E 10. At least one hardness test shall be performed
on each finished part, with additional tests on each end
connection face at locations specified in the manufacturer's
design documents. The hardness testing used to qualify each
part shall be performed after the last head treatment cycle
(including stress relieving heat treatment cycles) and after
exterior machining operations. When equipment is composed
of bodies and flanges having different API material
designations, the manufacturer shall perform hardness tests
on each part. The results of these hardness tests shall satisfy
the hardness value requirements for each respective part.
7.4.39 Acceptance criteria. Hardness measurements on parts API Spec. 16C
fabricated from carbon, low alloy and martensitic stainless
type steels shall exhibit hardness values equal to or greater
than Table 6.3.6.4.2. See NACE Standard MR0175 for
maximum hardness values.
7.4.40 Dimensional verification requirements shall be as follows, with API Spec. 16C
verification being performed on all parts. Sampling End and
outlet connection threads shall be gauged. Methods. Threaded
end and outlet connections shall be gauged for standoff at
hand tight assembly by the use of the gauges and gauging of
API Specification 6A / ISO 10423, Section 902. Acceptance
Criteria shall be in accordance with API Specification 5CT or
5L or ANSI B 1.1 or B 1.2 as applicable. Critical dimensions
The manufacturer shall specify and verify critical dimensions.
Acceptance criteria for critical dimensions shall be as required
by the manufacturer's written specifications.
7.4.41 Surface NDE requirements shall be as follows: Accessible API Spec. 16C
surfaces of each finished part shall be examined after final
heat treatment and final machining operations. All magnetic
particle examinations shall use the wet fluorescent method.
Surface NDE shall be performed on all surfaces prepared for
weld overlay.
7.4.42 Surface NDE All feromagnetic materials shall be examined in API Spec. 16C
accordance with procedures specified in ASTM E 709. Prods
are not permitted on well fluid surfaces or sealing surfaces.
7.4.43 Relevant Indication. Only those indications with major API Spec. 16C
dimensions greater than 1/16 inch shall be considered
relevant. Inherent indications not associated with a surface
rupture (i.e., magnetic permeability variations, non-metallic
stringer…) are considered non-relevant.
7.4.44 If indications are believed to be non-relevant, they shall be API Spec. 16C
examined by liquid penetrant surface NDE methods as per
ASTM E 165, or removed and reinspected, to prove their non-

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relevancy.


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7.4.45 Linear indication. Indication in which the length is equal to or API Spec. 16C
greater than three times its width.
7.4.46 Rounded Indication. Indication, which is circular or elliptical API Spec. 16C
with its length less than 3 times the width.
7.4.47 Acceptance criteria 1.No relevant indication with a major API Spec. 16C
dimensions equal to or greater than 3/16 inch. 2. No more
than ten relevant indications in any contiguous 6 inches
square area. 3. Four or more relevant indications in a line
separated by less than 1/16 inch (edge to edge) are
unacceptable. 4. No relevant indications in the pressure
contact sealing surfaces.
7.4.48 Surface NDE All non-ferromagnetic materials shall be API Spec. 16C
examined in accordance with procedures specified in ASTM E
165. The definitions of Sections 6.3 are applicable.
Acceptance Criteria: 1. No relevant linear indications. 2. No
relevant rounded indication with a major dimension equal to or
greater than 3/16 inch. 3. Four or more relevant rounded
indications in a line separated by less than 1/16 inch (edge to
edge) are unacceptable. 4. No relevant indications in pressure
contact sealing surfaces.
7.4.49 Sampling. As far as practical the entire volume of each part API Spec. 16C
shall be volumetrically inspected (radiography or ultrasonic)
after heat treatment for mechanical properties (exclusive of
stress relief treatments) and prior to machining operations
that limit effective interpretation of the results of the
examination.
7.4.50 Ultrasonic examination of hot worked parts shall be performed API Spec. 16C
in accordance with the flat bottom hole procedures specified
in ASTM A 388 (except immersion method may be used) and
ASTM E 428.
7.4.51 Radiographic examinations shall be performed in accordance API Spec. 16C
with procedures specified in ASTM E 94, to a minimum
equivalent sensitivity of 2%. Both X-ray and gamma ray
radiation sources are acceptable within the inherent thickness
range limitation of each. Real time imaging and
recording/enhancement methods may be used when the
manufacturer has documented proof that the methods will
result in a minimum equivalent sensitivity of 2%. Wire type
image quality indicators are acceptable for use per ASTM E
747.


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Weld NDE surface

7.4.52 Sampling. Each pressure containing fabrication weld or weld API Spec. 16C
overlay shall be examined by either magnetic particle (in the
case of ferrous materials) or liquid penetrant (in the case of
non-ferrous materials) methods, after welding, post weld heat
treatment and machining operations. Examinations shall
include a minimum of ½ inch of adjacent base material on
both sides of the weld.
7.4.53 Method. Magnetic particle examination using the wet API Spec. 16C
fluorescent method, shall be performed to procedures
specified in ASTM E 709. Prods are not permitted on well
fluid wetted surfaces or sealing surfaces.
7.4.54 Liquid penetrant examination shall be performed on accessible API Spec. 16C
sealing surfaces of each finished part after final heat
treatment and after final machining operations. Examination
shall be performed as specified in ASTM E 165.
7.4.55 Acceptance criteria for weld surface examination shall be as API Spec. 16C
described in Table 6.3.8.2 or Section 6.3.8.3 with the
following additional requirements: 1. Not relevant linear
indications. 2. No rounded indications greater than 1/8 inch
for welds whose depth is greater than 5/8 inch.
7.4.56 Repair welds. Repair welds shall be examined using the same API Spec. 16C
methods and acceptance criteria as is used in examining the
base material or weld metal in case of repair to a weld.
Examinations shall include 1/2 inch of adjacent base material
on all sides of the weld. Surface repaired for welding shall be
examined prior to welding to ensure defect removal to
acceptable levels.
7.4.57 Pressure containing parts of an actuator include the cylinder, API Spec. 16C
cylinder closure, piston and stem.
Quality control requirements for pressure containing parts of actuators

7.4.58 Dimensional verification. Sampling shall be performed on non- API Spec. 16C
metallic seals in accordance with MIL-STD-105, Level II, 2.5
AQL for O-rings and 1.5 AQL for other seals. Method. Each
piece of the sample shall be dimensionally inspected for
compliance to specific tolerances. Acceptance criteria. If
inspection methods produce rejections less than allowed in
sampling, the batch shall be accepted.
Hardness testing API Spec. 16C

7.4.59 Sampling shall be performed in accordance with MIL-STD- API Spec. 16C
105, Level II, 2.5 AQL for O-rings and 1.5 AQL for other
seals.
7.4.60 Method Hardness testing shall be performed in accordance API Spec. 16C
with procedures specified in ASTM D 2240 or D 1415.
7.4.61 Acceptance criteria The hardness shall be controlled in API Spec. 16C
accordance with the manufacturer's written specification.

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7.4.62 Documentation. The supplier and/or manufacturer shall certify API Spec. 16C
that materials and end products meet manufacturer's written
specifications. Certification shall include manufacturer's part
number, specification number, compound number, batch
number, mold date and shelf life expiration date.
Flexible choke and kill lines
7.4.63 Pressure containing parts of flexible choke and kill lines are: API Spec. 16C
1. Metallic Wetted-End and Outlet Connections and End
Terminations. 2. Metallic Non-Wetted-Reinforcement
Windings and End Terminations. 3. Non-Metallic Non-Wetted
pressure containing parts shall be defined by the
manufacturer.
7.4.64 Testing of materials shall be in accordance with applicable API Spec. 16C
ASTM procedures. If a suitable ASTM procedure cannot be
applied, the manufacturer shall provide a written procedure.
7.4.65 Acceptance criteria shall be as identified in the manufacturer's API Spec. 16C
written specification.
Drilling choke actuator control lines and fittings quality-control
requirements
7.4.66 Control lines and fittings for drilling choke actuators shall be API Spec. 16C
in accordance with the manufacturer's written procedures.
7.4.67 Hydrostatic testing. Assembled equipment shall be subjected API Spec. 16C
to a hydrostatic body test prior to shipment from the
manufacturer's facility. Cold (tap) water or water with
additives shall be used as the testing fluid. Test pressure shall
not be applied as a differential pressure across internal closure
mechanisms of chokes. Tests shall be completed prior to
painting.
7.4.68 Method. Hydrostatic test for complete assemblies shall API Spec. 16C
consist of three steps: 1. The initial pressure-holding period of
not less than three minutes. 2. The reduction of the pressure
to zero. 3. The second pressure-holding period of not less
than fifteen minutes.
7.4.69 Test pressures. The hydrostatic test pressure shall be API Spec. 16C
determined by the rated working pressure of the equipment.
Hydrostatic test pressures shall be as shown in Table 6.4.5.
Drilling chokes
7.4.70 Each choke shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test prior to API Spec. 16C
shipment from the manufacturer's facility.
7.4.71 A hydrostatic seat to body test shall be performed by API Spec. 16C
applying rated working pressure and holding for one hour. A
blind seat may be used.
Actuators for drilling chokes
7.4.72 Body Test. Each actuator shall be subjected to a body test in API Spec. 16C
accordance with Section 6 prior to shipment from the
manufacturer's facility.


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7.4.73 Method. The test pressure shall be a minimum of 1.5 times API Spec. 16C
the maximum rated working pressure for actuators with a
maximum rated working pressure for actuators with a
maximum rated working pressure less than or equal to
20,000 psi. Water (with or without additives), gas, hydraulic
fluid or other mixtures of liquids may be used as the testing
medium.
Function test
7.4.74 Method. Each actuator shall be tested for proper operation by API Spec. 16C
cycling the actuator from the normal position to the fully
stroked position a minimum of three cycles. The actuator may
be tested with the equipment for which it is intended or
separately. Test media for hydraulic actuators shall be a
suitable hydraulic fluid or a gas such as air or nitrogen.
Actuator seal test
7.4.75 Method. Actuator seals shall be pressure tested in two steps API Spec. 16C
by applying pressure of 20% and 100% of the maximum
rated working pressure to the actuator. The minimum test
duration for each test shall be 10 minutes at 20% and 5
minutes at 100% for pneumatic actuators; 3 minutes at each
test pressure for hydraulic actuators. The test period shall not
begin until the test pressure has stabilized and the pressure
monitoring device has been isolated from the pressure source.
The test pressure reading and time for each holding period
shall be recorded.
Drilling choke and actuator assembly
Function test
7.4.76 Method. Each choke and actuator assembly shall be tested for API Spec. 16C
proper operation by cycling the actuator from the normal
position to the fully stroked position a minimum of three
cycles.
7.4.77 Articulated Choke and Kill Lines. Articulated Choke and Kill API Spec. 16C
Line assemblies shall be hydostatically tested prior to leaving
the manufacturer's facility. Method. Each assembly shall be
pressurized to the test pressure as specified in Table 6.4.5. 1.
The test pressure shall be held for a minimum of one hour. 2.
The test shall be conducted at room temperature. 3. The
temperature and pressure shall be recorded during the test, as
the day/night temperature variations may account for some
slight pressure variations.
7.4.78 Flexible Choke and Kill Lines. Each flexible line assembly shall API Spec. 16C
be hydostatically tested prior to leaving the manufacturer's
facility. Method. Flexible line assemblies shall be pressurized
to the test pressure as specified in Table 6.4.5. 1. The test
pressure shall be held for a minimum of one hour. 2. The test
shall be conducted at room temperature. 3. The temperature
and pressure shall be recorded during the test, as the
day/night temperature variations may account for some slight
pressure variations.

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7.4.79 Rigid Choke and Kill Lines. The rigid choke and kill line shall API Spec. 16C
be hydrostatically tested prior to leaving the manufacturer's
facility. Method. Each assembly shall be pressurized to the
test pressure as specified in Table 6.4.5. 1. The test pressure
shall be held for a minimum of one hour. 2. The test shall be
conducted at room temperature. 3. The temperature and
pressure shall be recorded during the test, as the day/night
temperature variations may account for some slight pressure
variations.
7.4.80 Assembled Manifold. The manifold assembly shall be API Spec. 16C
subjected to a hydrostatic test as per Table 6.4.5 prior to
shipment from the assembler's facility. Manifold assemblies
with parts having different working pressures, the lowest
rated working pressure shall be used to determine the test
pressure.
7.4.81 Hydraulic Control System. The operating system test shall be API Spec. 16C
conducted on the actuating system of remotely controlled
equipment.
7.4.82 Method. The operating system test shall be in accordance API Spec. 16C
with Section 6.4.4 except that the test pressure shall be a
1.5 times the system rated working pressure minimum. The
test media shall be a suitable hydraulic fluid or a gas such as
air or nitrogen.
7.4.83 NACE Record requirements. Records required to substantiate API Spec. 16C
conformance of equipment to NACE requirements shall be in
addition to those described in other sections of this document
unless the records required by this specification also satisfy
the NACE Standard MR0175 requirements.
7.4.84 Records to be maintained by the manufacturer 1. Weld API Spec. 16C
Procedure Qualification Record 2. Welder Qualification Record
3. Material Test Records: Chemical Analysis. Tensile Tests
(QTC) Impact Tests (QTC, as required) Hardness Tests (QTC)
4. NDE Personnel Qualification Records 5. NDE Records:
Surface NDE records, Full Penetration Fabrication, Weld
Volumetric NDE Records, Repair Weld NDE Records. 6.
Hardness Test Records 7. Welding Process Records. Welder
Identification, Weld Procedures, Filler Materials, Post-Weld
Heat Treatments. 8. Heat Treatment Records, Actual
Temperature, Actual Times at Temperature 9. Volumetric NDE
Records 10. Hydrostatic Pressure Test Records 11. Critical
Dimensions.
Equipment Specific Requirements
Performance verification
7.4.85 Verification by Pressure Rating. The test product may be used API Spec. 16C
to qualify products of the same family having equal or less
pressure rating.


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7.4.86 Verification by Size. Testing of one size of a product family API Spec. 16C
shall verify products one nominal size larger and one nominal
size smaller than the tested size, with the exception of
flexible choke & kill lines. Testing of two sizes also verifies
nominal sizes between the two sizes tested.
7.4.87 Determination of Choke Nominal Size. The choke nominal size API Spec. 16C
shall be defined as the size of the maximum orifice which may
be used in that choke (orifice sizes smaller than the nominal
size do not require testing). Choke nominal sizes are in one-
inch increments.
7.4.88 Determination of Other End connector Nominal Sizes. The API Spec. 16C
nominal size of other end connectors shall be defined as the
nominal end connector size and lowest rated working
pressure. Use tables from Section 3.4.
7.4.89 Verification by Temperature Rating. The temperature range API Spec. 16C
verified by the test product shall verify temperature
classifications that fall entirely within that range.
7.4.90 Design changes. A design that undergoes a substantive API Spec. 16C
change becomes a new design requiring performance
verification. A substantive change is a change identified by
the manufacturer which affects the performance of the
product in the intended service condition. This may include
changes in fit, form, function or material.
Ring Gaskets
7.4.91 Ring Gaskets Gaskets used for equipment manufactured to API Spec. 16C
this specification shall meet the requirements of API
Specification 6A / ISO 10423 or 16A / ISO 13533. Type R,
RX and BX ring-joint gaskets are used in flanged, studded and
hubbed connections. Types R and RX gaskets are
interchangeable in Type R ring grooves. Only Type BX gaskets
are to be used with 6BX ring grooves. Type RX and BX
gaskets are not interchangeable.
7.4.92 Reuse of Gaskets: Ring gaskets have a limited amount of API Spec. 16C
positive interference, which assures that the gasket will be
joined into a sealing relationship in the flange grooves. These
gaskets shall not be reused.
7.2.93 Drilling Chokes. This section covers drilling chokes used to API Spec. 16C
control back pressure in a well control situation. Drilling
chokes are not intended to be used as shut off valves.
7.4.94 Adjustable Drilling Chokes. Adjustable drilling chokes have an API Spec. 16C
externally controlled variable area orifice such as a rotary
disc, gate and seat, or needle. Adjustable drilling chokes may
be controlled manually or remotely. Adjustable drilling chokes
shall be equipped with a visible orifice area indicating
mechanism, showing percent open or closed.
7.4.95 Positive Drilling Chokes. Positive drilling chokes accommodate API Spec. 16C
replaceable parts having fixed orifice dimensions, which are
commonly called flow beans.


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7.4.96 Vent Requirement. Adjustable drilling chokes shall be API Spec. 16C
designed to vent trapped pressure prior to releasing the body-
to-bonnet connection. Positive Drilling chokes shall be
designed to vent trapped pressure before releasing the body-
to-cap connection is disengaged.
7.4.97 Size Designation. The nominal size designation of the drilling API Spec. 16C
choke shall be the inlet connection size, in inches, followed
by the maximum orifice area, in square inches.
7.4.98 Minimum Orifice Size. Drilling chokes shall be designed to API Spec. 16C
pass a 1/2 inch (12,7 mm) diameter particle, when fully open.
7.4.99 Flow Design. Drilling chokes shall be designed to direct flow API Spec. 16C
away from the bonnet of adjustable chokes and the cap or
blanking plug, of positive chokes. Adjustable chokes shall be
designed to limit unintentional position movement during use.
7.4.100 End Connections. The inlet and outlet connections shall be API Spec. 16C
the same size.
7.4.101 Rated Working Pressure. Drilling chokes having end API Spec. 16C
connections of the same rated working pressure, shall have
the rated working pressure of the end connections. For drilling
chokes having an inlet connection of higher rated working
pressure than the outlet connection, the drilling choke shall
have a two-part rated working pressure consisting of the inlet
rated working pressure and the outlet rated working pressure
(e.g. 15,000 psi (103,5 MPa) x 10,000 psi (69,0 MPa)).
7.4.102 Performance Requirements. Drilling chokes shall meet the API Spec. 16C
general performance requirements of Section 3, Section 9 and
Table 9.9.11.
Performance requirements for drilling chokes
7.4.103 Flow Capacity. The fluid flow circuit or manifold testing API Spec. 16C
apparatus shall be capable of flowing test fluid through the
choke bore up to the rated working pressure of the choke at
minimum rate of 5 gallons per minute for the test duration.
7.4.104 Test Position. The choke/actuator shall be positioned within API Spec. 16C
the fluid flow circuit or manifold such that the entire testing
apparatus and the choke cavity upstream of the choke seal
elements are full of test fluid prior to initiating the test, and
will remain full with no trapped air during the test cycles.
7.4.105 Data Recording. A pressure recording device shall be installed API Spec. 16C
upstream of the choke and the pressure continuously
recorded during the function test.
7.4.106 Control Console. The actuator shall be operated by a choke API Spec. 16C
control console. A control system which is representative of
the form and functions of a choke control console is
acceptable.
Test sequence
7.4.107 Using the choke control system, fully open the choke and API Spec. 16C
flow test fluid through the choke at a minimum rate of 5
gallons per minute.


Manifold
7.4.108 Using the choke control system in a normal operating API Spec. 16C
procedure, close the choke. The choke shall be completely
closed in 30 seconds or less.
7.4.109 As the choke closes, choke pressure shall rise until the rated API Spec. 16C
working pressure is reached. If the choke does not provide
complete shut-off capability, it shall attain the maximum
operating pressure contained in the choke manufacturer's
written specification.
7.4.110 Rated working pressure shall be established on the upstream API Spec. 16C
side of the choke before the console control device is
manipulated in a normal manner to the choke open position.
7.4.111 The choke shall operate from fully closed to fully open in 30 API Spec. 16C
seconds or less.
7.4.112 The pressure recording device shall document the pressure API Spec. 16C
increase as the choke closes and the pressure decrease as the
choke opens.
Actuators for drilling chokes
7.4.113 Design Criteria. Actuators shall have a pressure working API Spec. 16C
rating as specified by the manufacturer's written
specification.
7.4.114 Connections. Fluids connections shall be in accordance with API Spec. 16C
Section 9.16.13. Hydraulically powered actuators may have
connections smaller than 1/2 inch (12,7mm).
7.4.115 Actuation Forces. Actuator output forces must meet or API Spec. 16C
exceed the operating requirements specified by the choke
manufacturer.
7.4.116 Pressure Relief. Actuators must be designed to prevent API Spec. 16C
pressure buildup within the actuator housing or cylinder due
to leakage from the choke.
Rigid piping
7.4.117 Design. The design thickness for a rated working pressure of API Spec. 16C
10,000 psi (69, MPa) or less, shall be in accordance with
ANSI B 31.3 part 2 or ASME pressure vessel code, Section
VIII, Division 2. For rated working pressures above 10,000 psi
(69,0 MPa), ASME 31.3 Chapter 9, ASME pressure vessel
code, Section VIII, Division 2 shall be used. For all pressure
ratings the design allowable stresses shall be in accordance
with Section 3.
Flexible choke and kill lines
7.4.118 Pressure-Temperature Integrity. Flexible lines shall be capable API Spec. 16C
of withstanding rated working pressures at the rated
temperature without deformation to the extent that other
performance requirement can not be met. See Table 3.4.3 for
Rated Working Pressures and Table 3.5.2.1 for Temperature
Ratings.


Manifold
7.4.119 End Connections. Flexible Choke and Kill Line end connections API Spec. 16C
shall be of welded or one piece pipe design and the pressure
rating shall be equivalent to the pressure rating of the flexible
line. End connections shall meet the requirements of Section
9.5. Pipe threads are not acceptable end connections.
7.4.120 End Termination. The flexible Choke and Kill Line end API Spec. 16C
termination shall be in accordance with the manufacturers'
written specification, which shall as a minimum include the
requirements of this specification.
7.4.121 Minimum Bend Radius. The minimum bend radii (MBR) at API Spec. 16C
rated working pressure shall be in accordance with
manufacturers' written specification.
7.4.122 Length Tolerance. The standard overall length tolerances of API Spec. 16C
flexible lines 20 feet (6000 mm) and under shall be approx. 2
%. The standard tolerance for length change from
atmospheric to working pressure is a maximum of approx. 2%
of the overall length.
7.4.123 Collapse Resistance. Flexible lines subjected to subsea service API Spec. 16C
shall be designed to withstand the external pressure for the
operational depth without deforming to a point where they
can no longer function as the design specifies. Collapse
resistance will meet manufacturer's written specifications.
Hydraulic control system, drilling chokes
7.4.124 Design. The drilling choke control system, at maximum API Spec. 16C
output, shall fully open or close the choke within 30 seconds.
7.4.125 The output pressure of the hydraulic pump shall be limited to API Spec. 16C
the rated working pressure of the control system.
7.4.126 The pump system shall have a storage reservoir with a API Spec. 16C
volume at least ten times (10X) the capacity of the hydraulic
drilling choke control system, excluding the reservoir. The
reservoir volume need not exceed 10 gallons, but may at the
manufacturer's option. The reservoir shall have a visual
hydraulic oil level indicator.
7.4.127 Pump Capacity with Accumulator in System. The pump API Spec. 16C
volumetric capacity shall be sufficient to close the choke
within 20 seconds.
7.4.128 Pump Capacity Without Accumulator in System. The pump API Spec. 16C
volumetric capacity shall be sufficient to close the choke
within 30 seconds.
7.4.129 Accumulators. Accumulators, when installed in choke control API Spec. 16C
systems, shall meet the following requirements: Design Code
- Accumulators shall meet the requirements of ASME Boiler
and Vessel Code, Section XIII, Division 1. Rated Working
Pressure - Accumulators shall have a rated working pressure
equivalent to the hydraulic system rated working pressure.
Accumulator Volumetric Capacity - As a minimum, the
accumulator system shall have volumetric capacity to operate
the choke from fully open, to fully closed and return to fully
open.

Manifold
7.4.130 Remote Actuation Backup System. The drilling choke hydraulic API Spec. 16C
control system shall be designed with a backup operating
system to open or close the drilling choke after loss of primary
power. The backup hydraulic system shall have a rated
working pressure equal to or greater than the primary hydraulic
pump.
Flexible Line Fire Test
Flexible line fire test
7.4.131 Flexible choke and Kill Lines shall withstand a 5 to 30 minute API Spec. 16C
Fire Test as described in paragraphs 2 through 6. The lines
shall not have visible leakage under nominal working pressure
as a result of the Fire Test during the test period.
7.4.132 The Fire Test shall consist of a direct exposure to flame or to API Spec. 16C
radiation within a furnace. The temperature indicated by the
thermocouples, at the end of the time period, shall be equal to
or higher than 1300 degrees Fahrenheit (704 degrees Celsius).
7.4.133 Thermocouples are to be positioned around the flexible line API Spec. 16C
within 1 inch (25,4 mm) of the outer surface of the line or end
fittings. At least one thermocouple near the flexible line, and
one thermocouple near the surface of the end fitting shall reach
1300 degrees Fahrenheit (704 degrees Celsius).
7.4.134 The flexible line must be pressurized full of water. The line may API Spec. 16C
be tested horizontally, or vertically, according to the choice of
the manufacturer.
7.4.135 The test sample shall be a minimum of 10 feet (2,5 m) long. At API Spec. 16C
least 5 feet of the flexible line and one end fitting shall be
exposed to the fire or radiation.
7.4.136 After exposure to the fire, the line must remain pressurized API Spec. 16C
either until a cool down, or if a leak occurs after the test
period, until the pressure is reduced to one atmosphere. The
line must not burst during the duration of this period.
Drilling choke control console system
7.4.137 The function of the remote hydraulic choke control system is API Spec. 16C
to provide reliable control of the drilling choke from one or
more remote locations with the sensitivity and resolution
required to perform all well control procedures which the choke
valve is designed to provide, including: 1. well flow shut-in
procedures. 2. throttling of mud, gas, liquid hydrocarbons and
formation debris at any rate of flow up to the physical capacity
of the internal flow conduit.
Functional requirements
The control system shall provide:
7.4.138 An actuator capable of setting the orifice in the choke at any API Spec. 16C
size from fully open to fully closed at any pressure up to the
rated working pressure of the choke.
7.4.139 Power hydraulic fluid to the choke actuator in sufficient API Spec. 16C
pressure and volume to completely close the choke from the
fully open position in 30 seconds.


Manifold
7.4.140 Operating controls enabling the operator to set orifice openings API Spec. 16C
of any size up to fully open that will result in any annulus
pressure desired (plus/minus. 10 psi) from 0 psi to the choke
rated working pressure. The control device should be suitably
marked for direction of control.
7.4.141 A choke position indicator that shows at the control console API Spec. 16C
the relative position of the choke trim or relative orifice size as
a percent of fully open.
7.4.142 A gauge on the control panel for rig air to display the air or gas API Spec. 16C
pressure available to power the console pump.
7.4.143 A gauge on the control panel to display system hydraulic API Spec. 16C
pressure, from the hydraulic pump or accumulator system.
7.4.144 Drill pipe and casing pressure gauges scaled 0 psi to fully rated API Spec. 16C
working pressure of the choke. These gauges to be clearly
marked "Drill Pipe Pressure" or "Casing Pressure" and to be
independent systems from other gauge systems.
Additional specification for the pressure gauge shall be:
7.4.145 Maximum allowable error approx. 0.5% of full scale. Bourdon API Spec. 16C
tube type gauges are required, but may be supplemented with
any other type such as electronic transducer and display
systems. Also, gauges of any type may be provided with full
scale pressure lower than choke system rated pressure for
better resolution at lower pressures; in which case, manual or
automatic isolation valves shall be provided to prevent over-
ranging these gauge systems.
7.4.146 Minimum dial scale diameter -6" Digital readouts must be API Spec. 16C
0.5"high and visible from 10 feet in any ambient light with10
psi resolution.
7.4.147 Dial scale divisions shall be 25 psi or less and gauge pointer API Spec. 16C
width or configuration shall be complementary to 25 psi or less
visual resolution.
7.4.148 At the drill pipe and casing pressure sensing locations, a API Spec. 16C
pressure transmitter of the piston isolator type shall be
employed to keep process fluid separated from gauge system
hydraulic or pneumatic fluids.
7.4.149 The transmitter must have a rated working pressure and rated API Spec. 16C
temperature range equal to the choke rating.
7.4.150 The piston isolator transmitter shall have an hydraulic oil API Spec. 16C
displacement capacity equal to 1.5 times the combined volume
requirement of the total hose volume and gauge tube volume,
considering expansion, when at full scale pressure on the
gauge. A permanent metal tag on the body should warn the
user against addition hoses or gauges being driven by the
transducer.


Manifold
7.4.152 For rated working pressures up to 10,000 psi, one-to one API Spec. 16C
piston ratio may be employed. At rated pressures of 10,000-
20,000, four-to-one (4:1) ratio of process pressure to gauge
hydraulic oil pressure shall be required.
7.4.153 The 1:1 isolator shall have a sensitivity of 10 psi. The 4:1 API Spec. 16C
isolator shall have a sensitivity of 25 psi at a pressure equal
to mid-scale of the receiver gauge.
7.4.154 The piston shall be designed such that in the event of a leak API Spec. 16C
in the hydraulic system and hydraulic oil loss, the piston will
bump the upper limit of travel and the seal rings (or auxiliary
seal) will continue to isolate the process fluid from the
hydraulic system and process fluids will be prevented from
entering the hydraulic pressure sensing system.
7.4.155 The pressure transmitter shall have materials specified for API Spec. 16C
well bore retained fluids.
7.4.156 The connection into the rig piping shall be 6 BX flanges with API Spec. 16C
no pipe threads nor welded pipe thread connections. Any
welding on the transmitter or adaptor should conform to
welding specifications of this document.
7.4.157 Unions forming a part of the transmitter shall conform to API Spec. 16C
specifications elsewhere in this document.
7.4.158 The hydraulic oil shall be operational from minus 20 degrees API Spec. 16C
to 200 degrees Fahrenheit, and shall be per manufacturer's
specification regarding compatibility to elastomers and
metallic specifications of the transmitter.
7.4.159 Gauge system hoses shall have pressure rating compatible API Spec. 16C
with the maximum system operating pressure.
7.4.160 Pump stroke counter/rate meter for monitoring either of two API Spec. 16C
rig pumps, selected by switches, shall be incorporated into
the control panel.
7.4.161 The pump stroke counter display shall show accumulated API Spec. 16C
pump strokes and shall have capability to be reset to zero by
the operator, but shall automatically reset to zero and
continue counting when reaching its maximum count
capacity.
7.4.162 A switch on the panel shall permit selection of "strokes per API Spec. 16C
minute" display if both are not available simultaneously.
7.4.163 This spm display, if digital, shall show one stroke/minute API Spec. 16C
minimum resolution.
7.4.164 All counter/rate meter wiring (power, pump micro switches, API Spec. 16C
etc) shall be in conformance with N.F.P.A. 496, A.P.S. (all
applicable agencies).
7.4.165 If digital displays are employed, the digits shall be minimum API Spec. 16C
1/2" height and visible from 10 feet in any ambient light.


Manifold
Emergency operations provisions

7.4.166 In the event of failure of rig air, the console control system API Spec. 16C
should provide connections and fitting for accepting
alternative gas power such as nitrogen bottles and the
recommendations for number of bottles necessary to provide
12 hours of choke operation.
7.4.167 Hand pump, valving, and other components necessary to API Spec. 16C
anually applying hydraulic pressure to the choke control
the event of failure of the main hydraulic pump.
7.4.168 Instruction Panel. The choke control console panel shall API Spec. 16C
contain a panel listing instructions for choke operation in a
normal mode and in emergency modes. This panel should also
show procedure steps to verify system readiness.
7.4.169 The hoses shall have connections which will permit API Spec. 16C
installation in only the correct manner, and shall be prevented
from installation into the pressure gauge systems.
7.4.170 The pressure gauge hoses shall likewise have connections API Spec. 16C
that assure installation in only the correct manner and shall
not be capable of installation in the choke operational
hydraulic circuit.
7.4.172 All hose connections should be marked on the panel and the API Spec. 16C
choke.
7.4.173 Systems designed for multiple choke/control panel installation API Spec. 16C
shall conform to all the preceding requirements except that in
multiple control console installations, simultaneous connection
of multiple drill pipe and multiple casing pressure gauges is
permitted to each console respectively.
7.4.174 Operation/Maintenance Manual. The manufacturer shall API Spec. 16C
prepare and have available an operating manual for each
model and size of choke system manufactured in accordance
with this specification. The operating manual shall contain the
following information as a minimum: 1. Installation
Instructions. 2. Operating instructions covering all normal
operations required of the choke, plus complete instruction for
emergency operation in the event of failure of external power
or equipment, and failure of any internal components. 3.
Dimensions and physical data of major components. 4.
Repair, maintenance, and testing information and procedures,
including disassembly and assembly information. 5. Parts
Information. 6. Storage Information.
7.4.175 This section covers positive and adjustable chokes which API Spec. 6A /
include restrictions or orifices to control the flow rate of ISO 10423
fluids. These chokes are not intended to be used as shutoff
valves.
7.4.176 Adjustable Chokes have an externally controlled variable area API Spec. 6A /
orifice coupled with an orifice area indicating mechanism as ISO 10423
shown in Figure 20. Actuators for adjustable chokes are
covered under 10.16.


Manifold
7.4.177 Positive chokes accommodate replaceable parts having fixed API Spec. 6A /
orifice dimensions, which are commonly called flow beans as ISO 10423
shown in Figure 21.
7.4.178 Chokes shall meet the general performance requirements of API Spec. 6A /
4.1 and shall be capable of performing as outlined in Table ISO 10423
74. This includes positive chokes, manually actuated chokes
and chokes designed for actuators.
7.4.179 The nominal size designation of the choke shall be the inlet API Spec. 6A /
connector size, followed by the maximum orifice size available ISO 10423
for that choke in 1/64ths of an inch. When the choke orifice
is not a single circular orifice, the maximum size shown shall
be the diameter of a circle (in 1/64ths of an inch) whose area
is equal to the choke orifice area. For example: 2 1/16 x 64
would be the size designation of a choke (positive or
adjustable), with an inlet connector size of 2 1/16 in., and a
maximum orifice of 1 in. diameter (64/64ths).
7.4.180 End Connectors with Equal Rated Working Pressures For API Spec. 6A /
chokes having end connectors of the same rated working ISO 10423
pressure, the rated working pressure of the choke shall be the
rated working pressure of the end connectors.
7.4.181 End connectors with Different Rated Working Pressures For API Spec. 6A /
chokes having an upstream end connector of higher rated ISO 10423
working pressure than the downstream end connector, the
choke shall have a two-part rated working pressure consisting
of the rated working pressure of the upstream end connector
(e.g., 3000 psi x 2000 psi).
7.4.182 Chokes shall be designed to direct flow away from the bonnet API Spec. 6A /
of adjustable chokes and the cap, or blanking plug, of positive ISO 10423
chokes.
7.4.183 All chokes shall be designed to vent trapped pressure prior to API Spec. 6A /
releasing the body-to-bonnet connector on adjustable chokes ISO 10423
and the body-to-cap connector on positive chokes.
7.4.184 Flow Beans for Positive Chokes. Proration Beans shall have a API Spec. 6A /
net effective orifice length of 6 in., +/- 0.06 in. (152,4 mm, ISO 10423
+/- 1.5 mm). The orifice diameters of these beans shall be
specified in 1/64 in. diametrical increments (I.e., 5-in., 6-in.,
7-in., 7/64-in., etc.)
7.4.185 Adjustable chokes shall be equipped with a visible orifice API Spec. 6A /
area-indicating mechanism to define the orifice area at any ISO 10423
adjusted choke setting throughout its operating range. This
mechanism shall be calibrated to indicate diameters of circular
orifices having areas equivalent to the minimum flow areas at
any adjustable choke setting. These markings shall be in 1/64
in. diametrical increments (e.g., 4-, 5-, 6-, 7/64-in., etc.).
Actuated chokes are not required to be equipped with
indicating mechanisms.
7.4.186 Bodies, Bonnets, Plugs or Caps, and End Connectors Materials API Spec. 6A /
for these parts shall comply with Clause 5. ISO 10423


Manifold
7.4.187 Material for other parts shall meet the requirements of Clause API Spec. 6A /
5 or 10.16 as applicable. Additionally, special corrosion and ISO 10423
abrasion resistant materials, coatings, or overlays shall be
used for adjustable choke stem tips and positive choke flow
beans.
Recommended Practice RP 53 API rules
Choke manifold and choke lines surface BOP installations
7.4.188 Manifold equipment subject to well and/or pump pressure API RP 53
(normally upstream of and including the chokes) should have
a working pressure equal to or greater than the rated working
pressure of the ram BOPs in use. This equipment should be
tested when installed in accordance with provisions of
Section 17.
7.4.189 For working pressures of 3,000 psi (20.7 MPa) and above, API RP 53
flanged, welded, clamped, or other end connections that are
in accordance with API Specification 6A / ISO 10423, should
be employed on components subjected to well pressure.
7.4.190 The choke manifold should be placed in a readily accessible API RP 53
location, preferably outside the rig substructure.
7.4.191 When buffer tanks are employed, provision should be made to API RP 53
isolate a failure or malfunction.
7.4.192 All choke manifold valves should be full bore. Two valves are API RP 53
recommended between the BOP stack and the choke manifold
for installations with rated working pressures of 5,000 psi
(34,5 MPa) and above, One of these two valves should be
remotely controlled. During operations, all valves should be
fully opened or fully closed.
7.4.193 A minimum of one remotely operated choke should be API RP 53
installed on 10,000 psi (69.0 MPa), 15,000 psi (103.5 MPa),
and 20,000 psi (138.0 MPa) rated working pressure
manifolds.
7.4.194 Choke manifold configurations should allow for re-routing of API RP 53
flow (in the event of eroded, plugged, or malfunctioning parts)
without interrupting flow control.
7.4.195 Consideration should be given to the low temperature API RP 53
properties of the materials used in installations to be exposed
to unusually low temperatures and should be protected from
freezing by heating, draining, filling with appropriate fluid, or
other appropriate means.
7.4.196 Pressure gauges suitable for operating pressure and drilling API RP 53
fluid service should be installed so that drill pipe and annulus
pressures may be accurately monitored and readily observed
at the station where well control operations are to be
conducted.


Manifold
7.4.197 The choke control station, whether at the choke manifold or API RP 53
emote from the rig floor, should be as convenient as possible
nd should include all monitors necessary to furnish an
verview of the well control situation. The ability to monitor
nd control from the same location such items as standpipe
ressure, casing pressure, pump strokes, etc., greatly
ncreases well control efficiency.
7.4.198 Rig air systems should be checked to assure their adequacy API RP 53
to provide the necessary pressure and volume requirements
for controls and chokes. The remotely operated choke
should be equipped with an emergency backup system such
as a manual pump or nitrogen for use in the event rig air
becomes unavailable.
Installation guide lines-choke lines
7.4.199 The choke lines should be as straight as possible, because API RP 53
erosion at bends is possible during operations, consideration
should be given to using flow targets at bends and on block
ells and tees.
7.4.200 In general, short radius pipe bends (R/d<10) should be API RP 53
targeted in the direction of expected flow. For large radius
pipe bends (R/d>10), targets are generally unnecessary.
Bends sometime have a wall thickness greater than the
straight pipe in the choke system (such as the next higher
schedule) to further compensate for the effect of erosion.
90° block ells and tees should be targeted in the direction of
flow. Where: R = Radius of pipe bend measured at the
centerline. D = Nominal diameter of the pipe.
7.4.201 For flexible lines, consult the manufacturer's guidelines on API RP 53
working minimum bend radius to ensure proper length
determination and safe working configuration.
7.4.202 For articulated line assemblies, consult with the API RP 53
manufacturer's written specifications to determine the
degree of relative movement allowable between end points.
7.4.203 The lines and the lines down stream the choke should be API RP 53
firmly anchored to prevent excessive ship or vibration.
7.4.204 The choke line and the lines downstream the choke should API RP 53
have a bore of sufficient size to prevent excessive erosion or
fluid friction: 1.Minimum recommended size for choke lines
is 2-inch (5.08 cm) nominal diameter for 3K and 5K
arrangements and 3-inch (7.62 cm) nominal diameter for
10K, 15K and 20K arrangements.
7.4.205 The choke line and the lines down stream the choke should API RP 53
have a minumum recommended nominal inside diameter for
lines downstream of the chokes should be equal to or
greater than the nominal connection size of the chokes.
7.4.206 The choke line and the lines down stream the chokes lines API RP 53
downstream of the choke manifold are not normally required
to contain pressure.


Manifold
7.4.207 The choke line and the lines down stream the choke should have for air API RP 53
or gas drilling operations, minimum 4-inch (10.16 cm) nominal diameter
lines installed.
7.4.208 The bleed line (the line that bypasses the chokes) should be at least API RP 53
equal in diameter to the choke line. This line allows circulation of the
well with the preventers closed while maintaining a minimum back
pressure. It also permits high volume bleed-off of well fluids to relieve
casing pressure with the preventers closed.
Kill lines surface BOP installations
7.4.209 All lines, valves, check valves and flow fittings should have a working API RP 53
pressure at least equal to the rated working pressure of the ram BOPs
in use. This equipment should be tested when installed in accordance
with provisions of Section 17.
7.4.210 For working pressures of 3,000 psi (20.7 MPa) and above, flanged, API RP 53
welded, hubbed, or other end connections that are in accordance with
API Specification 6A / ISO 10423, should be employed.
7.4.211 Component should be of sufficient diameter to permit reasonable API RP 53
pumping rates without excessive friction. The minimum recommended
size is 2-inch (5.08mm) nominal diameter.
7.4.212 Two full bore manual valves plus a check valve or two full bore valves API RP 53
(one of which is remotely operated) between the stack outlet and the
kill line are recommended for installations with rated working pressure
of 5,000 psi (34.5 MPa) or greater. Refer to Figures 11 and 12.
7.4.213 Periodic operation, inspection, testing and maintenance should be API RP 53

performed on the same schedule as employed for the BOP Stack in use
(Refer to section 17.10)
7.4.214 All components of the kill line system should be protected from freezing API RP 53
by heating, draining, filling with proper fluid, or other appropriate
means.
7.4.215 Consideration should be given to the low temperature properties of the API RP 53
materials used in installations to be exposed to unusually low
temperatures and should be protected from freezing by heating,
draining, filling with appropriate fluid, or other appropriate means.
7.4.216 Lines should be as straight as possible. When bends are required to API RP 53
accommodate either dimensional variation(s) on sequential rig ups or to
facilitate hookup to the BOP, the largest bend radius allowable under
the hookup restraints should be provided.


Manifold
7.4.217 For rigid pipe, the bend radius should be maximized. Because erosion at API RP 53
bends is possible during operation, consideration should be given to
using flow targets at bends and on block ells and tees. The degree to
which pipe bends are susceptible to erosion depends on the bend
radius, flow rate, flow medium, pipe wall thickness, and pipe material.
However, in general, short radius pipe bends (R/d<10) should be
targeted in the direction of expected flow. For large radius pipe bends
(R/d>10), targets are generally unnecessary. Bends sometime have a
wall thickness greater than the straight pipe in the kill system (such as
the next higher schedule) to further compensate for the effect of
erosion. 90° block ells and tees should be targeted in the direction of
flow. Where: R=Radius of pipe bend measured at the centerline.
d=Nominal diameter of the pipe.
7.4.218 For flexible lines, consult the manufacturer's guidelines on working API RP 53
minimum bend radius to ensure proper length determination and safe
working configuration.
7.4.219 For articulated line assemblies, consult with the manufacturer's written API RP 53
specifications to determine the degree of relative movement allowable
between end points.
7.4.220 All lines should be firmly anchored to prevent excessive whip or API RP 53
vibration.
7.4.221 The kill line should not be used as a fill-up line during normal drilling API RP 53
operations.
Trip tank of surface BOPs API RP 53
7.4.222 A trip tank is a low-volume, [100 barrels(15.9 m³) or less] calibrated API RP 53
tank that can be isolated from the remainder of the surface drilling fluid
system and used to accurately monitor the amount of fluid going into
or coming from the well.
7.4.223 A trip tank may be of any shape provided the capability exists for API RP 53
reading the volume contained in the tank at any liquid level. The
readout may be direct to remote, preferably both.
7.4.224 The size and configuration of the tank should be such that volume API RP 53
changes on the order of one-half barrel can be easily detected by the
readout arrangement.
7.4.225 Tanks containing two compartments with monitoring arrangements in API RP 53
each compartment are preferred as this facilitates removing or adding
drilling fluid without interrupting rig operations.
7.4.226 Other uses of the trip tank include measuring drilling fluid or water API RP 53
volume into the annulus when returns are lost, monitoring the hole
while logging or following a cement job, calibrating drilling fluid pumps,
etc.
7.4.227 The trip tank is also used to measure the volume of drilling fluid bled API RP 53
from or pumped into the well as pipe is stripped into or out of the well.


Manifold
Pressure tests
7.4.228 All blowout prevention components that may be exposed to API RP 53
well pressure should be tested first to a low pressure of 200
to 300 psi (1.38 to 2.1 MPa) and then to a high pressure.
7.4.229 When performing the low pressure test, do not apply a higher API RP 53
pressure and bleed down to the low test pressure. The higher
pressure could initiate a seal that may continue to seal after
the pressure is lowered and therefore misrepresenting a low
pressure condition.
7.4.230 A stable low test pressure should be maintained for at least 5 API RP 53
minutes.
7.4.231 The initial high pressure test on components that could be API RP 53
exposed to well pressure (BOP stack, choke manifold, and
coke/kill lines) should be to the rated working pressure of the
ram BOPs or to the rated working pressure of the wellhead
that the stack is installed on, whichever is lower.
7.4.232 Initial pressure tests are defined as those tests that should be API RP 53
performed on location before the well is spudded or before
the equipment is put into operational service.
7.4.233 Pressure tests on the well control equipment should be API RP 53
conducted at least: a. Prior to spud or upon installation. b.
After the disconnection or repair of any pressure containment
seal in the BOP stack, choke line, or choke manifold, but
limited to the affected component. c. Not to exceed 21 days.
7.4.234 Pressure tests on the well control equipment should be API RP 53
conducted at least: a. Prior to spud or upon installation. b.
After the disconnection or repair of any pressure containment
seal in the BOP stack, choke line, or choke manifold, but
limited to the affected component. c. Not to exceed 21 days.
7.4.235 Well control equipment should be pressure tested with water. API RP 53
Air should be removed from the system before test pressure
is applied. Control systems and hydraulic chambers should be
tested using clean control system fluids with lubricity and
corrosion additives for the intended service and operating
temperatures.
7.4.236 Pressure gauges and chart recorders should be used and all API RP 53
testing results recorded. Pressure measurements should be
made at not less than 25 percent nor more than 75 percent of
the full pressure span of the gauge.
7.4.237 The results of all BOP equipment pressure and function tests API RP 53
shall be documented and include, as a minimum, the testing
sequence, the low and high test pressures, the duration of
each test, and the results of the respective component tests.
7.4.238 Pressure tests shall be performed with a pressure chart API RP 53
recorder or equivalent data acquisition system and signed by
pump operator, contractor's tool pusher, and operating
company representative.


Manifold
7.4.239 Problems observed during testing and any actions taken to API RP 53
remedy the problems should be documented.
7.4.240 Manufacturers should be informed of well control equipment API RP 53
that fails to perform in the field (Refer to API Specification
16A / ISO 13533).
7.4.241 Flexible choke and kill lines should be tested to the same API RP 53
pressure, frequency, and duration as the ram BOPs.
Chokes and choke manifolds for Surface BOP installations
7.4.242 The choke manifold upstream of and including the lost high API RP 53
pressure valves (refer to figure 8) should be tested to the
same pressure as the ram BOPs.
7.4.243 The configuration of pipes and valves downstream of the last API RP 53
high pressure valve varies from installation to installation.
Each configuration should be verified for mechanical integrity.
7.4.244 The valves and adjustable chokes should be operated to verify API RP 53
smooth operation.
7.4.245 Adjustable chokes are not required to be full sealing devices. API RP 53
Pressure testing against a closed choke is not required.
7.4.246 The rig maintenance and inspection schedule should provide API RP 53
for periodic nondestructive examination of the mud/gas
separator to verify pressure integrity. This examination may
be performed by hydrostatic, ultrasonic, or other examination
methods.
Major inspections
7.4.247 After every 3-5 years of service, the BOP stack, choke API RP 53
manifold, and diverter components should be disassembled
and inspected in accordance with the manufacturer's
guidelines.
7.4.248 Elastomeric components should be changed out and surface API RP 53
finishes should be examined for wear and corrosion. Critical
dimensions should be checked against the manufacturer's
allowable wear limits. Individual components can be inspected
on a staggered schedule.
7.4.249 A full internal and external inspection of the flexible choke API RP 53
and kill lines should be performed in accordance with the
equipment manufacturer's guidelines.
7.4.250 Manufacturer's installation, operation, and maintenance (IOM) API RP 53
manuals should be available on the rig for all the BOP
equipment installed on the rig.
7.4.251 Studs and nuts should be checked for proper size and grade. API RP 53
Using the appropriate lubricant, torque should be applied in a
criss-cross manner to the flange studs. All bolts should then
be rechecked for proper torque as prescribed in API
Specification 6A / ISO 10423. When making up connections,
excessive force should not be required to bring the
connections into alignment.


Manifold
7.4.252 Ring gaskets coated with a resilient material such as rubber or API RP 53
polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) should not be used. Due to the
limited amount of deformation which a groove can make in a
ring as it is compressed during installation, it is not
recommended to reuse ring gaskets.
7.4.253 When making up proprietary clamp hubbed connections, the API RP 53
manufacturer's recommended procedure should be followed.
7.4.254 Spare parts should be designed for their intended use by API RP 53
industry approved and accepted practices. After sparte part
installation, the affected pressure-containing equipment shall
be pressure tested. Elastomeric components shall be stored in
a manner recommended by the equipment manufacturer.
7.4.255 The original equipment manufacturer should be consulted API RP 53
regarding replacement parts. If replacement parts are acquired
from a nonoriginal equipment manufacturer, the parts shall be
equivalent to or superior to the original equipment and fully
tested, design verified, and supported by traceable
documentation.
7.4.256 Manuals or bulletins containing torque specifications should API RP 53
be available on the rig. As stated in section 17.11.2, torque
specifications and the lubricant's coefficient of friction should
be considered when torquing fasteners. Deviating from the
specified lubricant can alter the required torque.
7.4.257 A planned maintenance system, with equipment identified, API RP 53
tasks specified, and the time intervals between tasks stated,
should be employed on each rig. Records of maintenance
performed and repairs made should be maintained on file at
the rig site or readily available for the applicable BOP
equipment.
7.4.258 Copies of equipment manufacturers' product alerts or API RP 53
equipment bulletins should be maintained at the rig site or
readily available for the applicable BOP equipment.
7.4.259 Drawing showing ram space-out and bore of the BOP stack API RP 53
and a drawing of the choke manifold showing the pressure
rating of the components should be on the rig and maintained
up to date. Refer to Figure 19 for an example drawing
7.4.260 A bill of material should accompany the equipment drawings API RP 53
to correctly identify the equipment and allow the procurement
of correct replacement parts.
7.4.261 Changes to the BOP control system should be documented. A API RP 53
method should be established to control the drawings,
ensuring that up-to-date documentation is maintained.
7.4.262 Equipment records such as API manufacturing documentation, API RP 53
NACE certification, and factory acceptance testing reports
should be retained. Where required, copies of the
manufacturer's equipment data book and third party
certification should be available for review.


Manifold
7.4.263 A maintenance and repair historical file should be maintained API RP 53

by serial number on each major piece of equipment. This file
should follow the equipment when it is transferred. Equipment
malfunctions or failures should be reported in writing to the
equipment manufacturer as stated in API Specification 16A /
ISO 13533.
7.4.264 Shop testing after major inspection or equipment weld repairs API RP 53
should be performed according to the manufacturer's written
procedures.
Blowout preventers for hydrogen sulfide service
7.4.265 Where there is reasonable expectation of encountering API RP 53
hydrogen sulfide gas zones that could potentially result in the
partial pressure of the hydrogen sulfide exceeding 0.05 psia
(0.00034 MPa) in the gas phase at the maximum anticipated
pressure, BOP equipment modifications should be made.
Recommended safety guidelines for conducting drilling
operations in such an environment can be found in API
Recommended Practice 49.
7.4.266 Equipment modifications should be considered since many API RP 53
metallic materials in a hydrogen sulfide environment (sour
service) are subject to a form of hydrogen embrittlement
known as sulfide stress cracking (SSC).
7.4.267 This type of spontaneous brittle failure is dependent on the API RP 53
metallurgical properties of the material, the total stress or load
(either internal or applied), and the corrosive environment. A
list of acceptable materials is given in NACE Standard
MR0175.
7.4.268 A list of specific items to be changed on annular and ram type API RP 53
BOPs and valves for service in a hydrogen sulfide environment
should be furnished by the manufacturer.
7.4.269 As a guide, all metallic materials which could be exposed to API RP 53
hydrogen sulfide under probable operating conditions should
be highly resistant to sulfide stress cracking.
7.4.270 The maximum acceptable harness for all preventer and valve API RP 53
bodies and spools shall be in accordance with NACE Standard
MR0175.
7.4.271 Ring-joint gaskets should meet the requirements of API API RP 53
Specification 16A / ISO 13533 and be of the material and
hardness specified in API Specification 6A / 10423.
7.4.272 All bolts and nuts used in connection with flanges, clamps, API RP 53
and hubs should be selected in accordance with provisions of
API Specification 6A / ISO 10423.
7.4.273 All lines, crosses, valves, and fittings in the choke manifold API RP 53
system and the drill string safety valve should be constructed
from materials meeting applicable requirements of API
Specification 5L and API Specification 6A / ISO 10423.


Manifold
7.4.274 Heat treating and other applicable requirements, as stipulated API RP 53

in NACE Standard MR0175 should also be reviewed and
considered. Field welding upstream of the chokes should be
kept to a minimum and, if performed, should meet original
shop construction standards and procedures.
7.4.275 Elastomeric components are also subject to hydrogen sulfide API RP 53
attack. Nitrile elastomeric components which meet other
requirements may be suitable for hydrogen sulfide service
provided drilling fluids are properly treated. Service life
shortens rapidly as temperature increases from 150°F to
200°F (65.6°C to 93°C). In the event flowline temperatures
in excess of 200°F (93°C) are anticipated, the equipment
manufacturer should be consulted. Elastomeric components
should be changed out as soon as possible after exposure to
hydrogen sulfide under pressure.
7.4.276 Changes prescribed by the primary equipment manufacturer API RP 53
to render equipment acceptable for service in a hydrogen
sulfide environment should not be overlooked in providing for
replacement and repair parts.


01.10d API & ISO Standards Choke and Kill Manif Chap 10d 3rd

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01.10d API & ISO Standards Choke and Kill Manif Chap 10d 3rd

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Surface Well Control Equipment Workshop

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

Well Control Certification Check List

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 45

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 46

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 47

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 48

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

7.4.37 Nondestructive examination (NDE) instructions shall be API Spec. 16C

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 50

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 51

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

Weld NDE surface

Quality control requirements for pressure containing parts of actuators

Hardness testing API Spec. 16C

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 53

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 55

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

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Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

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Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 58

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

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Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

Emergency operations provisions

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Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

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Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

7.4.213 Periodic operation, inspection, testing and maintenance should be API RP 53

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 67

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Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

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Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 71

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill

7.4.263 A maintenance and repair historical file should be maintained API RP 53

© ModuSpec Engineering (International) B.V. 72

Chapter 10d - API / ISO Standards - Choke and Kill