BLOCK 16 DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

AMAZON BASIN
SPECIFICATION No.

FFPB-1.0.0 FABRICATION AND FORMING OF PIPE BENDS Page 1 of 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

1.0 SCOPE 2

2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS 2

3.0 MATERIALS 2

4.0 FABRICATION PROCESS 2

5.0 BENDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION 3

6.0 WELD LOCATION 4

7.0 SURFACE PREPARATION 5

8.0 DIMENSIONS 5

9.0 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION 6

10.0 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE 6

11.0 POST BEND HEAT TREATMENT 7

12.0 CLEANING 7

13.0 MARKING 7

14.0 SHIPPING 7

15.0 RECORDS 8

Rev. Prep Date Chk’d Date App’d Date Comments

No. By by by
A BR 1/03/92 Original Issue by Brown & Root
0 REP 3/6/95 Issued for Construction by Repsol-YPF Ecuador
SOL
-YPF
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1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for continuous induction bending of high
strength low alloy steel pipe, inspection, storing, handling, testing and other
requirements which may be required in the production of bends.

1.2 The Seller shall provide all labor, tools, equipment, and other required items, and
perform all operations for the bending of low alloy high strength steel pipe, such as, API
5L Gr. B, X42, X52, X60 and X70 alloys.

1.3 The Sellers shall obtain the Buyer's written approval for any deviations from the
requirements of this specification, referenced drawings or request for quotation or
Purchase Order.

1.4 This specification is not all inclusive and the use of the guidelines set forth does not
relieve the Seller of his responsibility to provide a finished product capable of performing
its intended service.

2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

API Specification for Linepipe (5L)

ASTM A-370 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
ASTM E-23 Mechanical Material Testing of Notched Impact Bars
SSPC Steel Structures Painting Council

3.0 MATERIALS

3.1 The pipe to be used for bending may be double submerged arc welded, electric
resistance welded or seamless. The pipe is manufactured in accordance with API
Specifications 5L and Supplementary Requirements outlined in the pipe specifications.

3.2 The pipe material shall be inspected prior to bending and shall be free of contamination,
such as, oil, grease, copper, lead, zinc, etc., which may cause carburization or low
melting eutectics.

4.0 FABRICATION PROCESS

4.1 The pipe bends shall be made by the continuous narrow band induction bending process.
The process shall utilize an induction heating system to heat a narrow circumferential
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band around the pipe to the appropriate bending temperature. The bending
temperature shall be in the range of 1500-1675F. When the bending temperature is
reached, the bending moment shall be applied.

The bend area shall be immediately cooled by a heavy flow of water.

4.2 The metal temperature prior to and during bending shall be accurately determined using
an optical pyrometer. The data shall be recorded for each bend and shall be provided
to the Buyer as a certified report by Quality Control.

5.0 BENDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

5.1 All bending shall be performed in accordance with the Seller's written procedure, which
shall be qualified prior to production for each grade of pipe and size. The procedure
shall specify parameters for all essential variables of the heating and cooling cycles
and, submitted to the Buyer for approval prior to the start of any production.

5.2 The procedure for pipe bend qualification shall require the following:

a. The pipe shall be subject to the same thermal treatment in the bending machine
as the production pipe would receive.

b. If post bend heat treatment is required, both the test bend and the tangent shall
be subject to this heat treatment.

5.3 Mechanical Testing

The mechanical properties of bends shall be in accordance with the minimum properties
specified in API specification for Line Pipe, and the pipe specification, whichever is
more stringent.

5.4 Test Specimen Location

The test specimens shall be located as follows:

a. Tangent Area: One set of tensile and charpy V-notch impact coupons shall be
taken from the pipe body. When bends receive post bend heat treatment,
tensile and charpy test coupons from the tangent area shall also be tested after
heat treatment.

b. Bend Area: One set of charpy and tensile coupons shall be taken from the apex
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of the bend in the neutral axis area. If heat treatment is used, the coupons shall
be tested in the heat treated condition. This test is required for one pipe per
pipe size and grade.

5.5 Charpy Impact Test

5.5.1 Three transverse charpy test coupons of the largest practical standard size in
accordance ASTM E-23 shall be taken from each location.

5.5.2 The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation shall meet the requirements
of the applicable API Specification 5L and the pipe specification requirement for
mechanical properties.

5.6 Mechanical Testing

The mechanical properties of bends shall be in accordance with the minimum properties
specified in API specification for Line Pipe.

5.7 Charpy Impact Test

5.7.1 Three transverse charpy test coupons of the largest practical standard size in
accordance with ASTM E-23 shall be taken from each location specified in
paragraph 5.4.

5.7.2 The absorbed energy, percent shear and lateral expansion shall be recorded.
Acceptance requirements for full size charpy specimens shall be 30 ft-lb
average with one individual test to 25 ft-lb. Test to be conducted at 32F.

5.8 Hardness Test

5.8.1 Microhardness test shall be conducted on a cross section of the weld heat
affected zone and parent metal taken from the tangent and bend areas.

5.8.2 A hardness traverse shall be performed using a Vickers 10 kilogram load.

Hardness shall not exceed 250 HV10.

6.0 WELD LOCATION

6.1 Longitudinal weld seams shall be located on the neutral axis plus or minus 10 degrees.
The ends of each bend shall be beveled for welding with a 30 degree angle bevel.
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7.0 SURFACE PREPARATION

7.1 Prior to bending, the pipe surface shall be cleaned to an SSPC-SP6 (commercial blast)
or better finish.

7.2 The pipe shall be visually inspected to assure removal of all contaminants.

8.0 DIMENSIONS

8.1 All bends shall be checked for bend angle and center to end dimensions.

8.2 Wall Thickness

8.2.1 All bends shall have the wall thickness determined by ultrasonic thickness
measurement for a minimum of ten measurements each, on the outer, inner and
neutral axis bend radii. Bend thickness shall not exceed two wall thickness per
API for the pipe diagram in excess of the specified pipewall thickness unless
agreed to in writing by the Buyer.

8.2.2 The wall thickness tolerance after bending shall be plus 15% to minus 5% of
nominal pipe wall thickness dimension.

8.2.3 Note: If bend wall thickness exceeds the wall thickness of the product pipeline
by 1/16", then internal beveling of the bend to match the pipe is required
angel of bevel = 411.

8.3 Quality

8.3.1 All bends shall be examined for quality in the bend area and also at the pipe
ends and shall meet the requirements of API 5L for quality.

8.3.2 All bends shall pass a gauge plate which is 97% of the nominal inside diameter
of the pipe.

8.3.3 Out-of-roundness at the pipe ends shall not exceed one (1) percent of the
nominal outside diameter.

8.4 Wrinkles
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8.4.1 Bends shall be completely free of corrugations and indentations on the tangents
caused by the grips of the bending machine. The maximum heights of any
wave shape wrinkle as measured from adjoining crest to the valley between
shall not exceed one (1) percent of the nominal pipe diameter. All wave shapes
shall blend into the surface in a gradual manner.

8.5 Hardness Test

8.5.1 All finished bends shall have the hardness tested on the outside diameter using
a portable Brinell hardness tester. The hardness shall be checked at four
locations, four on the outside radius, and four on the inside radius. The
hardness shall not exceed 250 HV10. After hardness testing the indentations
shall be removed and blended to the pipe surface by grinding.

8.6 Welding Ends

8.6.1 All weld ends shall be tested for laminations. All bevels shall be inspected by
the liquid penetrants or magnetic particle process for laminations. Bevel
inspection shall be carried out after final machining and any laminations shall be
cause for rejection.

9.0 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

9.1 After bending all bends shall be examined visually and by wet fluorescent magnetic
particle examination.

9.2 The finished bend shall be free of cracks, notches, gouges, or other injurious
defects. Cracks are cause for rejection. Notches, gouges and similar defects may be
removed by grinding, but shall not violate the minimum wall thickness requirement.

9.3 Radiography: All ERW and DSAW pipe bends shall be subject to radiographic
inspection of the weld seam for a minimum distance of eight (8) inches from each end.
The remainder of the weld seams shall be inspected by radiography or ultrasonic
inspection in accordance with the requirements and acceptance standards of API 1104.

9.4 Hydrotest: Each bend shall be hydrotested at 95 percent of SMYS for a minimum of 20
seconds. Leaks shall be cause for rejection. This test only when specified by purchase
order.
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10.0 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE

10.1 The angle of the bend as determined by measuring the angle to chord dimension shall
not exceed +1/2 degree of the specified angle.

10.2 The off plane tolerance shall be +0.25 inches.

11.0 POST BEND HEAT TREATMENT

11.1 Post bend heat treatment shall be required if established by the bend procedure
qualification testing. The post bend heat treatment temperature shall be as established
during procedure qualification but shall not exceed 1175F.

12.0 CLEANING

12.1 All bends shall be blast cleaned to SSPC-SP6 to remove scale from the bend area prior
to inspection.

12.2 All residue shall be removed from the pipe after examination.

12.3 Linseed oil shall be applied to the bends to inhibit corrosion if external coating is not
specified.

13.0 MARKING

a. Material Specification and Grade

b. Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness
c. Manufacturer
d. Purchase Order Number
e. Bend Number
f. Angle of the Bend i.e, 22.5 deg, etc.

14.0 SHIPPING

14.1 Pipe shall have bevel protectors on the pipe ends.

14.2 Bends shall be handled and stored in a manner to prevent any damage to the pipe
walls, beveled ends, and coating. Pipe shall be handled with nylon slings and bends
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FFPB-1.0.0 FABRICATION AND FORMING OF PIPE BENDS Page 8 of 8

shall be secured for shipping with wood separators and on wood pallets.

15.0 RECORDS

15.1 Certified Bend Test Report

15.2 Certified Report for Mechanical Properties. This includes hardness test.

15.3 Record of wall thickness measurements as well as original wall thickness of pipe for
bending, and quality.

15.4 Non-Distructive Examination Report

15.5 Heat Treatment Report

15.6 Checking List