COMPLETED BY:

3rd GROUP
1. Agus Yedija Lase
2. Arena Asmawati Harefa
3. Citra Ayu Hardini Telaumbanua
4. Chrisda Artina Ndraha
5. Herliani Hulu
6. Ika Juwita Telaumbanua

Subject: Grammar For TOEFL

Lectured by: Hasrat Sozanolo M,Pd
Class/Semester: B/VI

Institute Teacher Training And Education Of Gunungsitoli

Faculty of Languages And Arts Education
English Education Study Program
2021
 PREFACE

Praise and thanksgiving, the writer prays for the presence of God Almighty
because of the blessing of His grace, so that the group can complete the results of
grammar for TOEFL assignments which are about making paper Auxiliary verbs.
The results of this paper are made in order to fulfill one of the tasks in studying
grammar for TOEFL courses. The author would like to thank for Hasrat sozanoloM.Pd
as a lecturer who has guided the author in completing assignments in this course.
The author realizes that in my writing this is still far from perfection both in the
content of the assignment and in the way it was written. however, we as a writer have
tried my best to complete this task. Finally, we as a writer say a lot of thanks

Writer

3rd Group
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1. Background Of The Problem

English grammar is the way in which meanings are encoded into wordings in the
English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and
whole texts. Grammar arrangement of sentence structure. By using the correct structure,
a sentence will be perfect. This structure is used in all languages, not just English
Auxiliary verb is an auxiliary ape word that appears before the main verb (main
verb) in a sentence to modify the meaning of the verb. This verb consists of a primary
auxiliary verb and a modal auxiliary verb. Primary auxiliary verb consists of be, do, and
have. A modal auxiliary verb is a word that comes before the mainverb (main verb) to
modify the meaning of the verb. This auxiliary capital functions to express willingness,
ability, necessity and possibility. The modal auxiliary verbs include can, could, may,
might, will, would, shall, ahould, must, and ought to.

2. Formulation Of The Problem

Formulation of the problem:
1. What is the meaning of the auxiliary verb?
2. What is Primary auxiliary verb?
3. What is the modal auxiliary verb?
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary verbs are auxiliary verbs that appear before the main verb in a
sentence to modify the meaning of the verb. This verb consists of a primary auxiliary
verb and a modal auxiliary verb.

B. Primary Auxiliary Verb

Primary auxiliary verb consists of be, do, and have:
Be Do Have
Am Do Has
Is Did Have
Are Does Had
Was Having
Were
Being
Been

1. Be
Auxiliary verb be is further divided into am, are, is, was, ware, be, being, been,
in this sub-theme what will be explained is only be (am, are, is, was and ware), as for be
(be, being, and been) used in combination with other auxiliary verb
a) Forms the present continuous tense
To form the present continuous tense auxiliary verb be used are am, are, and is.
is used to give a medium meaning to the main verb.
Formula: be (am, are, is) + verb.
Example:
 I am reading book
 We are watching television
 She is cooking
 b) Forms a past continuous tense
Past continuous is a tense that indicates an activity that is ongoing in the past.
Formula: be (was / were) + verb
Example:
I was reading book yesterday
We were watching television
She was cooking
c) Forming a passive
To form a passive, be used is am, are, is for the present sentence, for the past
sentence, was and were used.
The formula for present: be (am, are, is) + verb3
Example: I am given a letter
The formula for past: be (was / were) + verb3
Example: I was given a letter
2. Do
Auxiliary verb do is divided into do, does and did. Do and does are used in the
present, and did in the past. For subject I, you, they, we, use do, while does for subject
she, he, it. Did is used for all subjects.
a) Forms negative sentences
Formula: do / does / did / + not + verb1
Present example: I do not like it (I don't like it / him)
Past example: I did not like it
b) Form a prohibition sentence
Formula: don't + verb1 + O
This prohibition does not require a subject and always uses the auxiliary verb do.
Example:
Don’t touch my smartphone
c) Forms an interogative sentence
Formula: do / does / did / + s + verb1 + c
Example: do we disturb you?
d) Forms negative interogative sentences
Formula: do / does / did / + not + s + verb1 + c
 Example: Do not I like it?
3. Have
Have is used for the auxiliary verb in the tense namely the perfect tense. Have is
used for the subject I, you, they, we, and have turned into has if the subject used is he,
she, and it. In the past form, have will change to had. Had is used for all subjects.
Formula: S + have / has / had / + verb3 + C
Example: I have visited my grandmother
She has written it

C. Modal Auxiliary Verb

A modal auxiliary verb is a word that comes before the main verb to modify the
meaning of the verb. Modal auxiliary verb functions to express willingness, ability,
necessity and possibility.
The modal auxiliary verbs include can, could, may, might, will, would, shall,
ahould, must, and ought to.
1. Can
The use of can includes:
a. Declared ability
Example: I can run fast
She can speak English better
b. Request permission or ask someone's abilities
Example: Can I help you?
Can you speak English?
2. Could
Could was the shape of a can. Its use is the same. Expressing abilities (in the
past tense) and requesting permission or asking abilities (which is more polite)
3. May
May which means may, maybe, hopefully.
 Polite requests.
Example: may I borrow you pen please
 Expresses a probability of less than 50% certainty
Example: she may go the market
  Express expectations
Example: may she pardon you
4. Might
Might is a past form of may, this might can be used in the present form or future,
the use of may is as follows:
Example: might I give you suggestion
5. Will
 State the willingness or plan of activities or work to be carried out in the
future
Example: I will visit you next week
 Request or question
Example: will you come to party?
6. Would
Would is a past form of will. So that its use is not much different from will.
 State the activities that will be carried out in the past
Example: I would go to the theater yesterday
7. Shall
Shall is as useful as will. Shall is used in British English to make future tenses
for subject I and we.
Example:
I shall go to Medan tomorrow
8. Should
Should is the past tense of shall, for should is to express advice
Example: you should read this book
9. Must
The use of must includes stating obligations.
Example: you must go now
10. Ought to
Ought to means otherwise, as it is, naturally. The use of this auxiliary verb is to
express suggestions or to state what is right and right to do.
Example: she ought to discuss it with me
D. Example

1. Look at this street, it is very muddy, it ______ have rained heavily last night.
A. will
B. would
C. could
D. must
2. Alfred visited some countries in Asia, Europe and America. He bought luxurious
things for his wife and children. He ______ a lot of money.
A. could have
B. would have
C. ought have
D. must have had
3. Berta: “Can I have your report soon?”
Jono: “Sure, I ______ it before you go to the meeting.
A. will finished
B. will have finished
C. am going to finish
D. am finishing
4. Mom and Dad just left for the airport twenty minutes ago, so they _____ there yet.
A. can’t have gotten
B. shouldn’t have gotten
C. had better have gotten
D. could have gotten

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSSION

Auxiliary verbs are auxiliary verbs that appear before the main verb (main verb)
in a sentence to modify the meaning of the verb. This verb consists of a primary
auxiliary verb and a modal auxiliary verb. Primary auxiliary verb consists of be, do, and
have. A modal auxiliary verb is a word that comes before the mainverb (main verb) to
modify the meaning of the verb. This auxiliary capital functions to express willingness,
ability, necessity and possibility. The modal auxiliary verbs include can, could, may,
might, will, would, shall, ahould, must, and ought to.

REFERENCESS

Windy novia, essential English grammar

Grammar Bytes! | chompchomp.com | ©2021
http://berbagiilmuyangterkacil.blogspot.com/2016/02/makalah-auxiliary-verb-serta-
reading.html