DWAIN OCAMPO DOCTANA, LPT PRMSU Graduate School – Ib

Master of Arts in Education – English Dr. Magdalene Bautis

Education in primitive societies Historical perspectives in Philippine education

SOCIALIZATION
Process by which individuals acquire the knowledge,
language, social skills, and value to conform to the
norms and roles required for integration into a group
or community.

SPANISH PERIOD
What did primitive education mean to society?
1521-1896
Survival and skills training through the processes of
initiation: 1) separation from

their parents; 2) joining other initiates; 3) initiation

“curriculum”

Foundations of education | 12:00 NN – 3:00 PM

DWAIN OCAMPO DOCTANA, LPT PRMSU Graduate School – Ib
Master of Arts in Education – English Dr. Magdalene Bautis

AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION
1898-1935

JAPANESE CONTRIBUTION
1941-1944

Educational systems at various points

Primitive Societies (7000-5000 BC)

Educational Goal
 To teach group survival skills; to cultivate group
cohesiveness
Curriculum
 Practical skills of hunting, fishing, food
gathering, stories, myths, songs, poems and
dances
Agents
 Parents, tribals, elders and priests
Influences on Education
 Emphasis on the role of informal education and
transmission of skills and values

Greek (1600 BC – 300 BC)

Educational Goal
 To cultivate civic responsibility and identity
with the city-state
 Athenian – to develop well-rounded person
 Spartan – to develop soldiers and military
leaders

Foundations of education | 12:00 NN – 3:00 PM

DWAIN OCAMPO DOCTANA, LPT PRMSU Graduate School – Ib
Master of Arts in Education – English Dr. Magdalene Bautis
Curriculum  Reading, writing, arithmetic, liberal arts,
 Athenian – reading, writing, arithmetic, drama, philosophy, theology, crafts, military tactics, and
music, physical education, literature, poetry chivalry
 Spartan – military songs, drill, tactics Agents
Agents  Parish, chantry, and cathedral schools;
 Athens – private teachers and schools; sophist universities, apprenticeship, knighthood
philosophers Influences on Education
 Spartans – military teachers, drill sargeants  Establishing the structure, content and
Influences on Education organization of the university as a major
 Athens – the concept of well-roundedness, institution of higher education; the
liberally educated person institutionalization preservation of knowledge
 Spartans – the concept of military state
Renaissance (1350 AD – 1500 AD)
Roman (750 BC – 450 AD)
Educational Goal Educational Goal
 To develop sense of civic responsibility for  To cultivate a humanist who was expert in the
republic and then empire; to develop classics – Greek and Latin; to prepare countries
administrative and military skills for service to dynasty leaders
Curriculum Curriculum
 Reading, writing, arithmetic, laws of twelve  Latin, Greek, Classical literature, poetry, art
tables, law, philosophy Agents
Agents  Classical humanist educators and schools such
 Private schools and teachers; school of rhetoric as lyceum, gymnasium, Latin grammar school
Influences on Education Influences on Education
 Emphasis on the ability to use education for  An emphasis on literary knowledge excellence,
practical administrative skills, relating to civic and style as expressed in classical literature; a
responsibility. two-track system of schools

Arabic (700 AD – 1350 AD)

Educational Goal
 To cultivate religious commitment to islamic
beliefs, to develop expertise in math, medicines,
and science
Curriculum Reformation (1500 AD – 1600 AD)
 Reading, writing, math, religious literature, Educational Goal
scientific studies  To cultivate a sense of commitment to a
particular religious denomination, to cultivate
general literacy
Curriculum
Agents  Reading, writing, arithmetic, catechism,
 Mosques, court schools religious concepts and rituals, Latin and Greek
Influences on Education theology
 Arabic numerals and computations; reentry of Agents
classical materials on science and medicines  Vernacular elementary schools for the masses,
classical schools for the upper class
Medieval (500 AD – 1500 AD)
Influences on Education
Educational Goal  A commitment to universal education to provide
 To develop religious commitment, knowledge, literacy to the masses; the origins of school
and ritual; to re-establish social order, to prepare system with supervision to ensure doctrinal
persons for appropriate roles conformity
Curriculum

Foundations of education | 12:00 NN – 3:00 PM

DWAIN OCAMPO DOCTANA, LPT PRMSU Graduate School – Ib
Master of Arts in Education – English Dr. Magdalene Bautis
DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE  Reading, writing, arithmetic, language, GNRC,
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM civics, hygiene and sanitation, gardening,
domestic science, American and Philippine
PRE-SPANISH EDUCATION literature.
 Education is for survival, conformity, and  1925: Monroe Survey Commission – evaluate
enculturation. the entire school system
 Informal education, practical training  American Director of the Bureau of Education:
 Method of Education, “tell me and show me”, 1) training of Filipinos for self-govermment; and
observation; trial and error 2) provision of English as common language.

EVIDENCES OF EARLY COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

EDUCATION/CIVILIZATION  1935 Constitution
 Ceramic industry  Develop moral character, personal
 Mummies discipline, civic conscience, and
vocational efficiency.
 Petroglyphs
 Teach the duties of citizenship
 Syllabary writing
 Aim: prepare for the coming
 Barangays
independence of a New Filipino
nation.
SPANISH PERIOD
 Training was done through public
 Propagate Christianity
schools
 Formal education; religious education;  Private schools (sectarian % non-
vocational courses secreatriat)
 Dictation and memorization
 Vernacular
 Parochial school concept (Cebu, 1565 –
Augustinian Missionaries)  Education Act of 1940 mandates the
CA 586 asking for the complete
 Colegios and beaterios
revision of the public elementary
 Royal Decree of 1863: establish an overall
school system.
public school system
 Commonwealth Act 586: complete
revision of the public elementary
 Doctrina Christiana en lengua español y school system
tagala (Christian Doctrine in Tagalog and
Spanish languages, 1593) by Juan de Plasencia JAPANESE PERIOD
 Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and  Aim: understand the position of the Philippines
Rules of the Tagalog Language, 1610) by Fray in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Francisco Blanca de San Jose  Health/vocational education
 Dignity of manual labor
AMERICAN PERIOD
 Reach democracy as a way of life REPUBLIC
 Formal education  Promotion of equal educatioinal opportunities
 Socialized recitation for all
 Education Act of 1901 (Act No. 74 of the  Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine
Philippine Commission) Education (PCSPE)
 Department of Instruction  Aim: full realization of the democratic ideals
 4-yr primary and 3-yr intermediate and way of life
 4-year high school  Social orientation, training for occupation,
 2-year Junior collge and 4-year democratic nation building community
program development
 1908: University of the Philippines – first school  Republic Act 139 – Board of Textbook
of university status  Republic Act 896 –
 Restoration of Grade 7
Foundations of education | 12:00 NN – 3:00 PM
DWAIN OCAMPO DOCTANA, LPT PRMSU Graduate School – Ib
Master of Arts in Education – English Dr. Magdalene Bautis
 Compulsory completion of elementary Education Council (TEC) chaired by
grades the Secretary of Education
 Compulsory enrollment of 7 y/o
children in public school “The great aim of education is not knowledge but
action”
NEW SOCIETY
- Herbert Spencer
 Aim: national development
 Bilingual Education Policy
 Elementary Education: a) 3Rs; b) integration of
values in all learning areas; and c) mastery
learning
 Secondary Education: 1) YDT and CAT
introduced as new courses; and b) elective
offerings as part of the curriculum

POST-EDSA 1
 DECS Order 6, s. 1998
 Lourdes R. Quisumbing
 Strengthens the teaching of values in
NESC
 The national budget appropriates the highest
allocation for education
 Promotion and improvement of the public-
school teachers
 Development on humanism and Filipinism in all
learning areas
 RA 7722
 Higher Education Act of 1944: CHED
 RA 7796
 TESDA Law
 RA 7168
 Philippine Normal College to PNU
 RA 7836
 Created the Professional Board for
Teachers

FUTURE DIRECTION OF PHILIPPINE

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

 Closely resembling the American model

 Bilingual teaching/MTB-MLE
 K+12 and ALS
 RA 11713
 Excellence in Teacher Education Act
 Strengthens pre-service teacher
education by broadening the mandate
and functions of the Teacher
Foundations of education | 12:00 NN – 3:00 PM