C.

Historical Foundation of Education

HISTORICAL EDUCATIONAL CURRICULUM AGENTS INFLUENCES ON

GROUP OR GOALS WESTERN
PERIOD EDUCATION
Primitive Societies To teach group Practical skills of Parents, tribal, Emphasis on the
(7000 B.C. – 5000 survival skills; to hunting, fishing, elders, and priests roles of informal
B.C) cultivate group food gathering, education in
cohesiveness stories, myths, transmission of
songs, poems, skills and values.
and dances.
Greek (1600 B.C. To cultivate civic Athenian: reading, Athens: private Athens: The
– 300 B.C.) responsibility and writing, teachers and concept of well-
identity with city; arithmetic, schools; Sophist; rounded, liberally
drama, music, philosophers. educated person.
Athenian: to physical
develop well- education, Sparta: military Sparta: The
rounded person. literature, and teachers, drill concept of the
poetry. sergeants. military state.
Spartan: to
develop soldiers Spartan: drill,
and military military songs and
leaders. tactics.
Roman (750 B.C. – To develop sense Reading, writing, Private schools Emphasis on
A.D. 450) of civic arithmetic, Laws and teachers; ability to use
responsibility for of Twelve Tables, schools of education for
republic and then law, philosophy rhetoric practical
empire; to administrative
develop skills; relating
administrative education to civic
and military skills. responsibility.
Arabic A.D. (500 – To cultivate Reading, writing, Mosques; court Arabic numerals
A.D. 1400) religious mathematics, schools and computation;
commitment to religious re-entry of
Islamic beliefs; literature; classical materials
develop expertise scientific studies. on science and
in mathematics, medicine.
medicine, and
science.
Medieval (A.D. To develop Reading, writing, Parish, chantry, Establishing the
500 – A.D. 1400) religious arithmetic, liberal and cathedral structure,
commitment arts; philosophy, schools; content, universities;
knowledge, and theology; crafts; and apprenticeship;
ritual; to re – military tactics knighthood
establish social and chivalry. organization of
order; to prepare the university as a
persons for major institution
appropriate roles. of higher
 education; the
institutionalization
and preservation
of knowledge.
Renaissance (A.D. To cultivate a Latin, Greek, Classical humanist An emphasis on
1350 – A.D 1500) humanist who classical educators and literacy
was expert in the literature, poetry, schools such as knowledge,
classics – Greek and art. lycee, gymnasium, excellence, and
and Latin; to Latin grammar style as expressed
prepare courtiers school. in classical
for service to literature; a two –
dynastic leaders. track system of
schools.
Reformation (A.D. To cultivate a Reading, writing, Vernacular A commitment to
1500 – A.D. 1600) sense of arithmetic, elementary universal
commitment to a catechism, schools for the education to
particular religious concepts masses; classical provide literacy to
religious. schools for the the masses; the
upper classes. origins of school
systems with
supervision to
ensure doctrinal
conformity.

D. History of Philippine Education System

HISTORICAL GROUP EDUCATIONAL CURRICULUM AGENTS METHODS

OR PERIOD GOALS
Education during the For Survival, Informal Education, Tribal tutors tell me and show
Pre- Spanish Period Conformity, and Religion- Oriented (Babaylan or me, observation,
Enculturation Katalona) trial and error
Education during the To Propagate Religious Education, Spanish Missionaries Dictation and
Spanish Period Christianity Vocational courses Memorization

Education during the To teach democracy Reading, writing, socialized recitation,

American Period as a way of life arithmetic, students
language, GMRC, participation
civics, hygiene and
sanitation,
gardening, domestic
science, American
History, and
Philippine History

Formal education
was established
Education during the (as provided for in Character education
Commonwealth the 1935 and citizenship
Period Constitution) training
 To develop moral
characters, personal Education under the
discipline,civic Commonwealth
conscience, and helps prepare for
vocational efficiency the coming
 To teach the independence of a
duties of citizenship new Filipino.
 To continue the
promotion of
democratic ideals
and way of life.

Education during the  To strive for the Vocational,

Japanese Era (1943- diffusion of the Technical,
45) Japanese language Agriculture, Values
in the Philippines rooted on love for
and to terminate the labor, physical
use of the English education and
language in the singing Japanese
schools songs,
 To strive he health/vocational
dignity of manual education
labor
:
Education during the  Full realization of  Social orientation
Republic (1943- the democratic as manifested by the
1972) ideals and way of conservation of the
life Filipino heritage
 Promotion of  Training for
equal educational occupation
opportunities for all  Promotion of
democratic nation
building
 A new thrust on
community
development

Education during the For national Curricular changes

New Society (1972- development in Elementary
1986) Education
Made of education
relevant to the Curricular changes
needs of the in Secondary
changing world Education

Bilingual Education
Policy- use of English
and Filipino as
 medium of
instruction in
specific learning
areas
Aims of education in
the Philippines

Develop the moral

character , self-
discipline, and
scientific,
technological and
vocational efficiency

Education during To promote national

1986-2000 development and
values education

Implementation of
NESC- addressed to
civic, intellectual,
and character
development of the
child.