964/2 (P1) STPM 2019

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BIOLOGI
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SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Answer all questions in Section A. Indicates the correct answer on the Multiple-choice
Answer Sheet provided.

Answer all questions in Section B. Write the answer in the spaces provided.
Answer two questions only in Section C. You may answer all the questions but only the first
two answers will be marked. Write the answers on the answer sheets. All working should be
shown. For numerical answers, units should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each
answer on a new page of the answer sheet.

Answer may be written in English or Malay.

For examiner’s use

Section A
(1-15)
Section B
16
17
Section C

Total

This question paper consists of 8 printed pages

 Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1. Which statement correctly describes a property of water?

A. A relatively large amount of energy is needed to increase its temperature.

B. At normal room temperatures, its molecules are bound together by ionic bonds.
C. The highest density of water occurs below its freezing point.
D. Water acts as a solvent for non-polar molecules.

2. Five disaccharides were each hydrolysed with dilute acid, and the purified products were separated
by one-dimensional chromatography. The final chromatography is shown in the diagram below.

If spot 1 represents the products obtained from the hydrolysis of sucrose, which one of the following
indicates the results obtained from the hydrolysis of lactose and maltose?

Lactose Maltose
A. 2 3
B. 2 4
C. 5 2
D. 5 3

3. On the electron micrograph, a mitochondrion measures 36 mm long by 21 mm wide.

If the magnification of the micrograph is 30,000 X, what are the actual dimensions of this organelle?

A. 0.12 x 0.07 µm
B. 0.36 x 0.21 µm
C. 1.20 x 0.70 µm
D. 3.60 x 2.10 µm

4. When a glycoprotein is being synthesised for secretion from a cell, which route is it likely to take?

A. Golgi apparatus  Rough endoplasmic reticulum  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum  Golgi apparatus  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum  Golgi apparatus
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum  Golgi apparatus  Rough endoplasmic reticulum
5. Which of these types of epithelium contains only one layer of cells?

A. Transitional
B. Stratified columnar
C. Pseudostratified epithelium
D. Stratified cuboidal

6. The table below shows the components of a cell membrane and their functions.

Components of a Functions
cell membrane
I Oligosaccharides P Acts as a receptor to a certain molecule such as a hormone

II Lecithin Q As an indicator so that the cells can recognise each other.

III Protein R Gives the semipermeable and selective characteristics to the membrane

IV Cholesterol S Maintains the fluid characteristics of the membrane.

Which of the following is correct for the components of a cell membrane and their functions?

I II III IV
A. P Q R S
B. Q R P S
C. R P S Q
D. S R Q P

7. Four identical samples of plant tissues, each with a water potential (Ψ) of -700 kPa, are placed in
four different solutions. Which solution induces full plasmolysis within the tissues?

Solution Ψ

A -700 kPa

B -1000 kPa

C -400 kPa

D -200 kPa

8. The diagram represents a reaction with and without an enzyme. What is the activation energy of the
enzyme-catalysed reaction?
9. A reaction in the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex and its products is shown as follows:

E+S [ES] E+P

The rate of the reaction depends on

I The substrate concentration, [S]
II the maximum velocity, Vmax
III the velocity at a specific time
IV the Michaelis-Menten constant, KM

A. I and II
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. I, II, III and IV

10. Which statement describes the advantage of immobilised enzyme?

A. The efficiency of enzyme increases.

B. The enzyme can be easily retrieved but cannot be reused.
C. The end product does not contain the enzyme and easily retrieved.
D. The characteristics of enzyme can be changed in order to increase its
surface area.

11. In the conversion of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate, which of the following does not occur?

A. Phosphorylation of ADP
B. Phosphorylation of hexose
C. Reduction of NAD
D. Release of CO2

12. The diagram below shows part of the Krebs Cycle.

If two molecules of α-ketoglutarate are changed to form Fumarate in the pathway above, the total
ATP formed during aerobic respiration at this stage is

A. 1
B. 6
C. 10
D. 12
13. The diagram shows the reversible conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate
dehydrogenase.

What would be the effect of inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase in a mammalian cell under
anaerobic condition?

A. A decrease in cell pH, due to the accumulation of lactic acid.

B. A decrease in glycolysis, due to the lack of NAD.
C. An increase in ATP production, due to increased amounts of reduced NAD.
D. An increase in the activity of the Krebs Cycle, due to increased amounts of pyruvate.

14. The diagram shows stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

At which stage is most of the reduced NADP oxidised?

15. The diagram below shows the photosynthesis pathway of C4 plants.

What do P, Q and R represent in the diagram above?

P Q R
A. Oxaloacetate Malate CO2
B. Oxaloacetate CO2 Malate
C. Malate CO2 Oxaloacetate
D. Malate Oxaloacetate CO2
 Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

16 The diagram below shows the reaction of enzyme M on substrate N. Enzyme M requires a
cofactor for its catalytic activity.

(a) (i) What is a cofactor? [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Based on the diagram above, identify the type of cofactor for enzyme M. [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) (i) According to the IUB enzyme classification system, name the class of enzyme M.
[1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

(ii) Give an example of enzyme M. [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

c) The diagram below shows a type of inhibition of enzyme action.

 (i) Identify the type of inhibition shown in the above diagram. [1mark]

..………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Explain how does the inhibition in c (i) occur? [2marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

(iii) What is the effect of this inhibition to KM as compared to enzymatic reaction without
inhibitor? [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………………………........

17. The diagram below shows bubbles of gas coming from the cut stem of an illuminated inverted
shoot of the aquatic plant Elodea.

(a) Name the process in which the gas bubble is produced.

[1 mark]

.………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Describe the role of light in photophosphorylation in a chloroplast.

[3 marks]

.…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

.…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

.…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

.…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 (c) State two products from the above process which are useful in light independent process.

[1 mark]

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain the use of the above products in light independent process.
[2 marks]

….……………………………………………………………………………………………………

.………………………………………………………………………………………………………

.………………………………………………………………………………………………………

.………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Section C [30 marks]

Answer two questions only.

You may answer all the questions but, only the first two answers will be marked. Write the answers on
your own answer sheet. Begin each answer on a new page of the answer sheet.

18 (a) Starch is an important storage molecule in plant. Describe how its structure is related to its
function.
[6 marks]
(b) State the difference between globular protein and fibrous protein.
[4 marks]

(c) Describe the structure and function of an organelle which is found abundantly in neutrophil.
[5 marks]

19 (a) Describe the structure and function of lecithin found in plasma membrane.
[8 marks]

(b) Explain why at low light intensity the rate of photosynthesis is the same at 15°C as at 25°C,
but at higher light intensity the rate of photosynthesis is much higher at 25°C than at 15°C.

[7 marks]

20 (a) Carbon monoxide is an odourless and colourless gas that is produced from the incomplete
burning of fossil fuel. Explain how this gas affects cellular respiration.
[7 marks]

(b) In liver cell, 38 molecules of ATP are produced but in skeletal muscle cell there is only 36
molecule of ATP produced for every glucose used in aerobic respiration. Explain how does
this difference occur.
[8 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
 ANSWER SCHEME (PRE-U 1 BIO Term 1 Trial 2018)
Section A

1 A 6 B 11 D
2 A 7 B 12 D
3 A 8 B 13 B
4 C 9 D 14 C
5 C 10 C 15 A

Section B

16 (a) (i)  A non-protein molecule that bind to an enzyme so that enzyme function 1m
efficiently.
(ii)  Coenzyme 1m

(b) (i)  Oxidoreductase 1m

(ii)  Dehydrogenase 1m

(c) (i)  Competitive inhibition 1m

(ii)  Competitive inhibitor has similar shape with substrate. 1m

 It competes with natural substrate for the same active site of enzyme, thus
substrate cannot bind to the active site. 1m

(iii)  KM becomes higher. 1m

TOTAL 8m

17 (a)  Photolysis of water 1m

(b)  Chlorophyll a is photoactivated after it absorbs light. 1m
 Electron is excited to a higher energy level and accepted by primary electron
acceptor. 1m
 When the electron is passed along the electron carriers, energy is released to
synthesise ATP by photophosphorylation.
1m

(c) (i)  ATP and NADPH 1m

(ii)  ATP is used to phosphorylate glycerate phosphate and ribulose phosphate to 1m

increase their reactivity.
 NADPH is used to reduce glycerate bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde
phosphate. 1m

TOTAL 7m
SECTION C
18 (a) Starch is an important storage molecule in plant. Describe how its structure is related to its
function.
[6 marks]

1. Starch is made up of α-glucose molecules linked together by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

2. Starch consists of amylose and amylopectin molecules.
3. Amylose is coiled into a more compact helical structure held by hydrogen bonds between
the hydroxyl groups pointing outwards.
4. Amylopectin has additional side branching linked by α-1,6- glycosidic bonds to the linear
chain.
5. Amylose helices entangled in the branches of amylopectin molecules, forming a three
dimensional complex and compact molecule.
6. Being compact, starch molecule is suitable for storage as it saves space for storage.
7. Starch molecule is insoluble in water. It can be stored in large amounts with little effect on
the osmotic potential of plant cells.
8. Starch is easily hydrolysed back to glucose for use in respiration or to synthesise other
materials for plants growth.

(b) State the difference between globular protein and fibrous protein.
[4 marks]
Fibrous protein Globular protein
1 Long parallel polypeptide chains coil to Polypeptide chain coils & folds into globular shape
form helical structure or fold into
pleated sheets
2 The structure is held by hydrogen Globular structure is maintained by hydrogen
bonds bond, disulphide bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic
interactions and van der Walls interactions
3 Stable structure & insoluble in water Usually soluble in water & form colloidal
suspension
4 There is repetitive regular sequence of Irregular sequence of amino acids
amino acids
5 Actual amino acid sequence may vary Amino acid sequence is highly specific and does
slightly between two examples of the not vary between the two example of the same
same protein protein
6 Involve in giving structure Involve in metabolic function
7 Eg: keratin, fibroin, collagen, elastin Eg: haemoglobin, myoglobin, enzymes, antibodies
& some hormones

(c) Describe the structure and function of an organelle which is found abundantly in neutrophil.

[5 marks]
1. The organelle is lysosome.
2. It consists of a single membrane which encloses the hydrolytic enzyme.
3. Hydrolytic enzyme breaks down the pathogen that is contained in phagocytic vacuole
brought in by phagocytosis in neutophil.
4. Hydrolytic enzyme is also released into the old/ worn out organelle in autophagosome
to break down it by autophagy.
5. Hydrolytic enzyme is also released into the cell to break down the old and damage cell
by autolysis.
19 (a) Describe the structure and function of lecithin found in plasma membrane
[8 marks]

1. Lecithin is a type of phospholipid.

2. Lecithin is formed from condensation of one glycerol and two molecules of fatty acids.
3. One fatty acid molecule is saturated while another is unsaturated.
4. The third hydroxyl group of the glycerol is linked to a negatively charged phosphate group.
5. A choline group which is positively charged is attached to phosphate group.
6. In plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules arrange themselves to form a bilayer

7. Hydrophilic head point outwards & attracted to the aqueous surrounding.

8. Hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails are repelled from water & face inwards.
9. Lecithin helps to maintain fluidity of the membrane.
10. It allows lipid soluble substances & small non polar substances to pass through the
membrane.

Point 9 & 10 must be included, any 6 marks from point 1-8

(b) Explain why at low light intensity the rate of photosynthesis is the same at 15°C as
at 25°C, but at higher light intensity the rate of photosynthesis is much higher at
25°C than at 15°C. [7 marks]

1. At low light intensity, light intensity acts as the limiting factor.

2. Increasing the temperature does not increase the rate of photosynthesis.
3. Less energy gained from sunlight to photoactivate the chlorophyll a in reaction centre./
lower rate of light reaction.
4. Less ATP and NADPH formed from light reaction.
5. At higher light intensity, light intensity is not the limiting factor anymore, but temperature
can be the limiting factor.
6. In Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide fixation is catalysed by enzyme rubisco.
7. At high light intensity, increased temperatute cause the enzyme becomes more active thus
increase the rate of photosynthesis.

20 (a) Carbon monoxide is an odourless and colourless gas that is produced from the
incomplete burning of fossil fuel. Explain how does this gas affect cellular
respiration. [7 marks]

1. Haemoglobin in red blood cell has higher affinity for carbon monoxide that oxygen.
2. In the presence of carbon monoxide, haemoglobin will bind with CO instead of oxygen,
preventing the transport of oxygen.
3. When oxygen is absent, there is no final electron acceptor in ETS.
4. The flow of electron in ETC stop, redox reaction does not carry out.
5. Proton gradient between matrix and intermembrane space is not developed.
6. There is no flow of proton through chemiosmotic channel.
7. There is no ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in chemiosmosis.
8. NAD+ and FAD are not regenerated and aerobic respiration does not occur.
(b) In liver cell, 38 molecules of ATP are produced but in skeletal muscle cell there is only 36
molecule of ATP produced for every glucose used in aerobic respiration. Explain how does
this difference occur.
[8 marks]

1. Inner membrane of mitochondrion is impermeable to two NADH produced from glycolytic

pathway in the cytoplasm/ cytosolic NADH.
2. In liver cell, malate-aspartate shuttle system is used to transport the electron from cytosolic
NADH.
3. In skeletal muscle cell, glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle system is used to transport the electron
from cytosolic NADH.
4. In malate-aspartate shuttle system, malate transport the electron to NAD+ to reduce to NADH
in mitochondrial matrix.
5. In glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle system, glycerol-3-phosphate transport the electron to FAD to
reduce to FADH2 in mitochondrial matrix.
6. Each NADH in mitochondrion enters electron transport chain (ETC) to generate 3 ATP.
7. Each FADH2 in mitochondrion enters electron transport chain (ETC) to generate 2 ATP.
8. Two NADH from cytoplasm in liver cell can produce 6 ATP while only produce 4 ATP in
skeletal muscle cell.
9. There is lack of two ATP formed in skeletal muscle cell as compared to liver cell, making 36
ATP instead of 38 ATP for every glucose used.