Mechanical Engineering Department Level :004

Collage of Engineering & Technology, Energy Management

Arab Academy for Science Technology & Maritime Course Code: ME524
Transport
Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

2st Lect.

Solar Energy
Lecturer

Dr. Mohamed Taha Eldaly

Assistant Professor: Mechanical Engineering
Department, collage of Engineering & Technology,
AASTMT, Aswan, Egypt
Mohamed_taha@aast.edu

Monday, October 16, 2023

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 About the Course: Contents
 Week (1): Introduction
 Week (2): Solar Energy
 Week (3): Solar Photovoltaic
 Week (4): Solar Photovoltaic
 Week (5): Solar Collector
 Week (6): Solar Collector
 Week (7): Mid-term Exam (1)
 Week (8): Wind Energy
Monday, October 16, 2023 Dr. Mohamed Taha Eldaly
Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.
 Week (9): Hydro Energy
 Week (10): Nuclear Energy
 Week (11): Biomass Energy
 Week (12): Mid-term Exam (2)
 Week (13): Geothermal Energy
 Week (14): Tidal, Wave,
Marine, Fusion Energies
 Week (15): Energy Storage
 Week (16): Final Exam
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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

The Sun

It is the star at the center of the Solar System.

It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated
to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its
core, radiating the energy mainly as visible
light, ultraviolet light, and infrared radiation.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

The Sun
It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth.

Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers (864,000 miles), or

109 times that of Earth.

Its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth; it accounts for

about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.

Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists

of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with
much smaller quantities of heavier elements,
including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Inside The Sun

The solar core from where the Sun’s energy is made is very much hotter
than the surface of the Sun.
The surface of the Sun has the temperature over 5500 degrees
Celsius (10,000 degrees Fahrenheit).
While the temperature in the core of Sun is 15 million kelvins (27 million degrees
Fahrenheit).
The temperature and the density of the solar core causes the fusion reactions to
take place in the Sun.
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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

The order of the planets in the solar

system, starting nearest the sun and
working outward is the following:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and then
the possible Planet Nine.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2021-2022.

Earth, Sun and Moon

The Earth is the planet that we all
live on.
As with all planets it is spherical in
shape, although some ancient
civilizations thought that the
Earth was flat! It orbits around
the Sun, and is the third planet
out from the center of our Solar
System.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2023-2024.

Earth, Sun and Moon

The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth, meaning that it orbits around the Earth.

The Moon the only place outside of the Earth that humans have ever been! It is a rocky,
dusty sphere that goes round the Earth. We can often see the Moon on a clear night, but
it does appear to change shape during the 27.3 days it takes to orbit the Earth.
The Earth and Moon orbit around the Sun, which is a star sitting in the center of our
Solar System.
The Sun provides the light and heat that we have during the daytime, it is the energy it
provides which keeps all things on Earth alive. The Sun is massive, and over a million
Earth's could fit inside it! It is the Earth's movement around the Sun once a year that
leads to the four seasons of Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter.
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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Solar Eclipse
The umbra is the dark center portion of a shadow.
The Moon's umbra causes total solar eclipses, and
the Earth's umbra is involved in total and partial
lunar eclipses.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Solar Eclipse

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Lunar Eclipse

A total lunar eclipse takes place when the Earth

comes between the Sun and the Moon and its
shadow covers the Moon.
Eclipse watchers can see the Moon turn red
when the eclipse reaches totality.
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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Lunar Eclipse

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Solar Energy
Solar energy is the energy received by the earth
from the sun. This energy is in the form of solar
radiation, which makes the production of solar
electricity possible.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Solar Energy
Radiation Energy produced by the sun,
Clean, renewable source of energy,
Harnessed by solar collection methods such as
solar cells,
Converted into usable energy such as electricity.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Availability of Solar Energy

Energy from the Sun is Abundant.
The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) / 1,74,000 terawatts
(TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper
atmosphere.
Solar power systems installed in the areas defined by the
dark disks could meet the world's current total energy
demand.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Availability of Solar Energy

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Availability of Solar Energy

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is
harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies
(electro magnetic radiation).
It is an important source of renewable energy and its
technologies are broadly characterized as either passive
solar or active solar depending on how they capture and
distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power.
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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Availability of Solar Energy

Energy used for cooling/heating/drying/distillation/power

generation.
The Earth receives 1,74,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming
solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere.
Most of the world's population live in areas with insolation
(amount of solar radiation reaching area) levels of 150-
300 watts/m², or 3.5-7.0 kWh/m² per day.

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Availability of Solar Energy

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Advantages of Solar Energy

All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the

thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun,
while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.
Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one
calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have
the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s
fossil fuels, both used and unused!

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 Academic Year: Fall 2022-2023.

Disadvantages of Solar Energy

Sun does not shine consistently.

Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we
must concentrate it into an amount and form that
we can use, such as heat and electricity.
Addressed by approaching the problem through:
collection, conversion, storage.

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