QB On Immersion Testing 4

SOUTHERN INSPECTION SERVICES
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IMMERSION INSPECTION – QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Which one of the following is not true?

a. The front surface reflection may be used in immersion testing to
determine if the sound beam is perpendicular to the test part.
b. A ‘metal spoon’ is used in immersion testing to determine the
maximum initial pulse amplitude.
c. Longitudinal waves can be used for immersion testing of cylindrically
shaped specimens.
d. Shear waves can be used for immersion testing of cylindrically shaped
specimens
2. Which one of the following is true?

a. Immersion testing with shear waves produces a high amplitude front
surface reflection that must be swept off the CRT.
b. Immersion testing with surface waves is commonly used to detect
surface cracks.
c. The angle of the manipulator on the immersion tank indicates the
‘angle of incidence’.
d. With immersion testing mode conversion occurs when the sounds
leaves the transducer and enter the water.
3. The basic rule in determining the water path distance when inspecting
steel or aluminum is that it should be equal to
a. ¼ T + 6 mm
b. ¼ T – 6 mm
c. 4 T + 6 mm
d. T + 6 mm
4. The water path distance using a probe with a focal length of 100 in water
to focus the beam to a point of 10 mm below the surface of a steel is
a. 6 mm
b. 10 mm
c. 40 mm
d. 60 mm
5. The focal point in steel part of 100 mm thick using a transducer of focal
length of 100 mm in water would be? Hint: Water path distance – 50 mm
a. 25 mm
b. 6.25 mm
c. 12.5 mm
d. 50 mm
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: 91-44-24868785, 24864332, 91-44-2647537
6. What water path would you select to inspect a part of 100 mm aluminum
or steel
a. 31 mm
b. 13 mm
c. 25 mm
d. 52 mm
7. In immersion, testing, the water multiples that may be seen on the CRT
screen between the front and back surface reflections can be eliminated
by:
a. Using a different form transducer to test specimen
b. Increasing distance from transducer to test specimen
c. Using a contour correction lens
d. Decreasing instrument sensitivity.
8. In immersion testing, the area in which a sound beam enters a specimen

can be determined using
a. A straight edged metal spoon.
b. Using angled spoon normal to incident sound
c. Using Plexiglas wedge
d. Using the contour correction lense
9. During immersion testing, it is often necessary to angulated the

transducer when a discontinuity is located to:
a. Avoid a large number of back reflections that could interface with a
normal test pattern.
b. Obtain a maximum response if discontinuity is not originally oriented
perpendicular to the sound beam.
c. Obtain the maximum number of front surface reflections
d. Obtain a discontinuity indication that is the same height as the
indication from the flat bottom hole in a reference block.
10. The techniques in which a flowing stream of water is used to couple the
transducer to the test specimen is called:
a. Water column technique
b. Bubbler technique
c. Squirter technique
d. All of the above
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11. To improve the directivity of a sound beam and decreases beam spread
a. Use filters
b. Use Collimators
c. Use acoustic lens
d. Both (a) & (b) as above
12. In immersion testing carriage usually supports:

a. U.F.D.
b. Job to be tested
c. All of the above
d. U.F.D. & probe system
13. Figure 3 represents the CRT pattern during an immersion testing of A 20

mm thick steel plate. The water path is closest to :
C E
0 1 2 3 4 5
A
A – Main B angle
C – Entry Surface Echo
E – Back Surface Echo
D
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure: 3
a. 80 mm.
b. 40 mm.
c. 20 mm.
d. none of the above.
14. In figure 3 echo ‘B’ is most probably:

a. From a defect at 20 mm from the entry surface
b. A resonant indication.
c. A multiple of indication ‘A’
d. A spurious indication that should be neglected
15. In figure 3 echo ‘D’ is most probably:

a. A spurious indication.
b. From a defect lying close to the entry surface.
c. From a defect lying close to the back surface.
d. A multiple of echo ‘B’
3
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16. 100 mm OD. Bars are tested by immersion testing method. The probe is
offset by 25 mm as shown figure 11. This will introduce. _____________
waves in steel bar:
25
Probe
Water
DIA 100
Figure: 11
a. Longitudinal.
b. Shear.
c. Shear & Longitudinal
d. Neither shear nor longitudinal.
17. Sound can be Focused by acoustic lenses spherical or cylindrical. They

are designed to concentrate sound energy between the lens and focal
point. Which one of the following in not true of a spherically ground
acoustical lens of an immersion transducer.
a. Increases the sensitivity and resolution of the equipment.
b. Area covered is large and useful depth range is correspondingly more.
c. Directs the sound energy perpendicular to a curved area at all points.
d. Low metal noise and low effects on surface roughness.
18. For aluminum and steel the basic rule for determining the water path
distance is that it should be equal to one fourth selected to inspect a
part of 100mm thick is:
a. 31mm
b. 13mm
c. 25mm
d. 52mm
4
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19. If it is required to focus the sound beam below the surface of the part in
immersion testing for a probe that has a focal length of 100 mm in water
where would be the focal point located from the part surface. (Given:
ratio of velocity of steel to water = 4; water path distance = 60 mm,
(probe to specimen).
a. 20mm
b. 10mm
c. 25mm
d. 52mm
20. When using a focused straight beam transducer in an immersion test of

a steel plate, a change in water path of 1 cm will result in the focal point
moving in the steel a distance of
a. 0.25mm
b. 2.5mm
c. 4cm
d. 4mm
21. Squirter probes use _____________ as a coupling media

a. Gel
b. Water
c. rubber
d. Grease
22. A probe with a focal length in water of 8.0cm is used. A steel plate of
10cm thick is placed at a water column of 4.0cm from the probe. At
what depth is the focal point in steel?
a. 6cm
b. 4cm
c. 2 cm
d. 1 cm
23. Automated immersion testing has many advantages. Among others the
following one is not an advantage
a. Increased scanning speed
b. Maintenance of coupling liquids
c. Reduced operator dependence
d. Adaptability to signal processing equipment
5
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24. The reflected pulse reaching the immersion transducer from the back
surface of a 100mm aluminium plate placed in an immersion tank is
equal to _______________ % of the energy which was transmitted from
the probe (Z for water 1.5, aluminium =1.7)
a. 6
b. 70
c. 50
d. 14
25. A ferritic steel tube is to be immersion tested to check the presence of

any surface defects. What is the angle at which the probe is to be
angulated in water?
a. 30.deg.
b. 27.27deg
c. 16.43deg
d. 14.75deg
26. In the above case, if the testing is to be carried out at an angle of 60 deg
shear and the probe is to be kept vertical at an offset to generate the
required refracted angle, what is the angle of offset (angle d\between
tube vertical axis, centre point to the incident point of the beam at the
tube surface?
a. 13.8deg
b. 25.68deg
c. 25.45deg
d. 13.7deg
27. While normal beam immersion testing of a specimen whose thickness is

varying the best way to ensure the sound beam aligned properly is
a. Ensure the alignment of manipulator to 90deg
b. Ensure highest amplitude from the test surface
c. Ensure the presence of largest array of multipliers
d. Ensure proper water column
6
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IMMERSION INSPECTION
Q.NO ANS Q.NO ANS
1 B 21 B
2 C 22 D
3 A 23 D
4 D 24 A
5 C 25 A
6 A 26 B
7 B 27 B
8 A
9 B
10 C
11 C
12 D
13 A
14 D
15 B
16 D
17 B
18 A
19 B
20 B
7
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QB On Immersion Testing 4

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SOUTHERN INSPECTION SERVICES

IMMERSION INSPECTION – QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Which one of the following is not true?

2. Which one of the following is true?

8. In immersion testing, the area in which a sound beam enters a specimen

9. During immersion testing, it is often necessary to angulated the

12. In immersion testing carriage usually supports:

13. Figure 3 represents the CRT pattern during an immersion testing of A 20

14. In figure 3 echo ‘B’ is most probably:

15. In figure 3 echo ‘D’ is most probably:

17. Sound can be Focused by acoustic lenses spherical or cylindrical. They

20. When using a focused straight beam transducer in an immersion test of

21. Squirter probes use _____________ as a coupling media

25. A ferritic steel tube is to be immersion tested to check the presence of

27. While normal beam immersion testing of a specimen whose thickness is

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