2

SOLID-TO-SOLID
SEPARATION:
Screening
Mechanisms
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Fundamental function of
screening:
Pass the undersize particles through
the screen and reject the oversize
particles

Particles must be brought to the

screen openings at such a velocity
and direction that the undersize
particles is not affected by the edges
or walls of the openings.
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STRATIFICATION
Essentially lets the large
particles (oversize) rise to the
top of the material bed while
the smaller particles sift
through the voids and find a
way to the bottom of the
screen surface (bed) to reach
the screen apertures
(openings)
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Factors affecting Stratification

1 MATERIAL TRAVEL FLOW

a function of material stratification,

bed thickness, and screen slope.
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Factors affecting Stratification

2 STROKE CHARACTERISTICS

Such as amplitude, direction,

rotation, type of motion, and
frequency
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Factors affecting Stratification

3 SURFACE PARTICLE MOISTURE

High surface moisture content

makes stratification difficult.
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SEPARATION PROBABILITY
Pertains to how frequent undersize
particles pass through the screen and
how frequent oversize particles
retain in the screen.

Separation probability is a function

of the particle size and the screen
opening. The larger the difference
between the particle size and the
screen opening, the easier it is to
screen the material.
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IDEAL PARTICLE SIZE FOR SCREENS
Particles that have dimensions of
1.5 times the screen opening (w)
are less important for the
screening result as these will not
all pass through

Particles that have lesser than

the 0.5 size of the screen
opening have lesser importance
since they pass through easily
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CRITICAL CLASS
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Factors affecting the Screening Operation
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SCREENING SURFACES

1 PARALLEL BARS/ RODS

- usually made of steel bars,

discarded rails, or cast iron bars

- ideal screening surface for primary

screening
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SCREENING SURFACES

2 PUNCHED PLATE

- made of metal or plastic

sheets punched by dies of
various patterns
- circular, square, hexagonal,
slot-like
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SCREENING SURFACES

3 WOVEN WIRES

- used in finer screens

- woven wires are crimped so

as to avoid distortion upon
impact of feed
Precrimped woven wire mesh with
three different crimp styles in a
single weave
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a. Strong enough to carry its load
b. Wear and abrasion resistant
(carbon steel and alloy steel)
c. Corrosion resistant
(iron, bronze, copper, monel,
stainless steel)
c. Economical

MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF

SCREENING SURFACES
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For fine screens, additional
support can be applied by
reinforcing the fine screen with a
coarser and stronger screen.

MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF

SCREENING SURFACES
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

1 GRIZZLY SCREENS

- widely used for screening large

percentage of coarse particles with
sizes 20 to 300 mm and more (Swain,
2011)

- can be stationary at an angle (20°-

50°) or moving
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

1 GRIZZLY SCREEN
MECHANISM
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

2 VIBRATING SCREENS

- widely used screen equipment

- standard equipment for screening

coarse, medium, and fine materials

- high capacity and efficiency

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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

2 VIBRATING SCREENS : Means of Vibration

- widely used screen equipment

- standard equipment for screening

coarse, medium, and fine materials

- high capacity and efficiency

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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

2 VIBRATING SCREENS:
Cam-operated
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

2 VIBRATING SCREENS:
Eccentric Shaft
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

2 VIBRATING SCREENS:
Eccentric Shaft
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

2 VIBRATING SCREENS : Suggested Vibration

Large Screen Openings: high

amplitude – low speed

Small Screen Openings: low

amplitude – high speed
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

3 GYRATORY SCREENS

Consists of a series of decks

with its own discharge spout
(up to four decks)
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

3 GYRATORY SCREENS: Discharge spout

1. Undersize Particles
-discharged through gravity at the bottom of
the screen

2. Oversize Particles
- discharged through centrifugal force generated
by the gyratory vibration into the outer end of the
screen
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

4 TROMMEL SCREENS

frames may include: cylindrical,

conical, or prismatic frames
surrounded by woven wires or
punch plate screens that acts as the
screening surface

usually open at both ends at a slight

angle to initiate material flow

SCREENING EQUIPMENT
4 TROMMELS: Arrangement
a) Single Trommel with Different
Screen Opening Sizes
b) Trommels in Series wherein the
first one have the largest screen
aperture size so that the undersize
products become the feed of the
next trommel, and so on
02
c) Trommels in Series:
wherein the first one have the
smallest screen aperture size so that
the oversize materials become the
feed for the next trommel, and so on
d) Compound Trommels: concentric
trommels with the same shaft,
different screen aperture size
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

5 BANANA SCREENS

- recent innovation in the 21st

century

- Key Feature:
Changing slope sections
(declinations) increases material
flow
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SCREENING EQUIPMENT

5 BANANA SCREENS

1. Steeper Slope:
high material flow rates and
rapid fines removal

2. Lower Slope Angles:

reduced material flow rates
higher efficiency screening of near-
sized materials
Stages in a Banana Screen
 02

Rough Guide for Screening Equipment

Selection
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