Earth and Life

Science
Reviewer
FIRST QUARTER
The Earth is the only planet so far that
has living creatures. The planet can
support life because there is the right
temperature for water to exist in all
three of its states.
“Plants produce oxygen” is an example
of a connection between the
biosphere and the atmosphere.
Planet Earth has an atmosphere that
contains carbon dioxide that can
support the growth of plants.
The factors that make Earth habitable
are the atmosphere, energy, nutrients,
and temperature.
 All of Earth’s cycles and spheres are
interconnected because every organism
has its own function on Earth.
Petrology deals with
the study of rocks.
Sedimentary rocks are formed when
pressure is applied, and layers are
piled together.
Rocks are classified as igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic based
primarily on their method of formation.
In regional metamorphism, the
increase in temperature with
increasing depth of burial is the
source of increased temperature and
pressure.
Planting activity helps to stop the
detrimental effects of erosion.
Mechanical weathering process doesn’t
alter the composition of materials.
The mechanical transfer of heat by
vibration of atoms and molecules is
called conduction.
Convection occurs in the outer core
and mantle layers.
After magma is formed, it escapes in
two forms: intrusion and extrusion.
Regional metamorphism occurs deep
under Earth’s mantle.
During regional metamorphism,
rocks are changed mostly due to
pressure from tectonic activity.
When molten rocks reach the Earth’s
surface, they cool down and solidify.
Igneous rocks are formed from the
solidification of cooled magma below
or above the surface of the earth.
Rising the material in the mantle
spreads alongside, carrying the
seafloor away from the seafloor ridges
in the center of the ocean basin, best
describes Hess’ theory of seafloor
spreading.
The stratification process creates
layers of rock.
 The method of arranging geological
events based on the rock sequence is
relative dating.
 According to the Law of Original
Horizontality, most of the sediments
were originally laid down horizontally.
 In determining the numerical age of a
rock or a fossil, the technique to be used is
absolute dating.
In determining rock layers, relative dating
is the age of a rock layer, while absolute age
is the numeric dating of a rock layer.
The pre-Cambrian era is the longest era,
which ended about 543 million years ago
and started about 4.5 billion years ago.
 The geologic time scale is subdivided
into four sets. If arranged from largest
to smallest, they are eons, eras,
periods, and epochs.
The Mesozoic Era is called the “Age of
Reptiles” because this period is where
dinosaurs and giant reptiles roamed
the earth.
 An earthquake is a geologic hazard
that is caused by a sudden release of
strain in the earth’s interior.
Some provinces here in the
Philippines, like Surigao del Sur and
Davao Oriental, are earthquake-
prone because they are located near
active volcanoes.
A volcanic eruption can
trigger a landslide.
An earthquake is NOT a type of
hydrometeorological hazard.
The main reason why the Philippines
is prone to typhoons is due to the
absence of enough land barriers.
 The best preparation that we can do
before the hazard happens is to prepare
things for evacuating the area.
The construction of seawalls is the most
effective way of avoiding coastal
erosion.
 The best way to mitigate the effect of
coastal land development is to control the
activities and development in the area.
GOOD LUCK!