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缘分

之所以选这个词是因为之前有个学生曾经问起“我们有缘”这句话如何翻译。当时脑中只有
“fate”一词。后来,想起来,就索性研究一番。

先看词典上的定义:

国语辞典

缘分 : 人与人之间能够相投契合的定分。《水浒传.第一五回》:「虽然与我们只隔得百十里
路程,缘分浅薄,闻名不曾相会。」《老残游记二编.第七回》:「前月分手,我想总有好几十
年不得见面,谁想不过一个月,竟又会晤了,可见我们两人是有缘分。」也作「分缘」。近人缘

(汉典)

百度百科

缘分 (佛家术语)
 缘分,它是出自一个宗教概念,儒家与道家并不突出缘分这个先导性,但是也会有机缘、机遇
这一说法。

 后世缘喻为命运纠缠的丝线,亦作缘份;它是一种人与人之间无形的连结;它是某种必然存在
的相遇的机会和可能,包括所有情感。爱情中,二人相爱的缘分是由很多巧合、很多阴差阳错、
很多突然、一些偶然、一些必然组成的。

(https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E7%BC%98%E5%88%86)

讨论:

缘分这个词基本上有两个意思,一是命运所定,二是机缘巧合。

如果是说命运或所谓命中注定的意思,英文用 fate 比较合适。 梁实秋编的《最新实用汉英词典》


就把“机缘”定义为“Predestined relationship/fate”。(fate[n]:命运, 下落, 结局, 归宿, 下场 .

例句:

朋友,我们在这个不毛之地相遇 也算是缘分

Friend, fate has brought us together... in this barren land

宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道:“一则是天缘,二来是‘情人眼里出西施’。”
(《红楼梦》)

It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
梁实秋词典的定义中提示我们,还有一个词可以用:

predestination[n] 宿命论, 缘分, 命运, 预先确定, 因缘

Business behavior is not only a game of pursuing profit, but more through business behavior, we can
realize our professional value. People we can know are all predestination, and we will cherish all
our predestination.

有时,这个词的意思只是“机遇、机会”,所谓“机缘巧合”,则英文中有一个词可以用:

serendipity[n] 机缘巧合, 情缘, 机缘, 缘分, 巧事

维基百科中说,serendipity 一词是英国作家 Horace Walpole 在 1754 年根据 “Serendip 的三个王


子”的波斯故事撰造的,Serendip 是斯里兰卡( Sri Lanka)的古称)。他在写给朋友的信中说,
这些王子“always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest
of"

Cambridge 词典给 serendipity 的定义是:the fact of finding interesting or valuable things


by chance, 其中文解释是:(偶然发现有趣或珍贵之物的)机缘,幸运

e.g.

It was only through pure serendipity that I met my best friend!

In all of these cases, the potential recipient has a genetic relationship to the donor (in one
respect by reproductive biology; in another respect by serendipity).

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

2001 年美国喜剧电影“Serendipity”片名就翻译成“缘分天注定”。

其他可用的词有: luck, predetermined, lot 等

◎ 缘分
[lot or luck by which people are brought together] 机缘。某种必然存在的相遇的机会和可能
却是除了老太太,别的也服侍不来,不晓得前世什么缘分儿。——《红楼梦》

lo
“缘分”的译法及例句
[ 2009-01-28
08:39]

“缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及
“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有 fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:

1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)

Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)

2.宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道:“一则是天缘,二来是‘情
人眼里出西施’。”(《红楼梦》)

It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、
戴乃迭 译)
3. 王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人
他中意的。西门庆争辩说:”做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!
“(《水浒》)
Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the
right one. (S. Shapiro 译)

4. 她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)

She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)

5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)

My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)

6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,
所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give
way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)

7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊
斋.宦娘》)
You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s
music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me such blessings. If we are linked by the
ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)

8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐
眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl to the eyebrows." I hope
some other lucky guy falls in love with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)

可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一
例所 mean,据 New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to
destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。

然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。
它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以 M. Roberts 翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,
用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not
had the honour of being presented to you.

不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进
入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一
例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,
就跟她说:
10.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”
字何其有缘耶?
This is very strange. So Li Bai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and
your husband's literary name is Sanbai. It seems that your life is always bound
up with the Bai‘s.(林语堂译)

(来源:中青网英语角 英语点津姗姗编辑)
serendipity
ORIGIN OF SERENDIPITY

From the characters in the Persian fairy tale The Three Princes of Serendip who made such
discoveries from Persian Sarandīp Sri Lanka from Arabic Sarandīb ultimately
from Sanskrit Siṃhaladvīpaḥ Siṃhalaḥ Sri Lanka dvīpaḥ island Dhivehi

From American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition

From Serendip (“variant of Serendib: Ceylon, Sri Lanka") +"Ž -ity. Coined by Horace Walpole in 1754
based on the Persian story of The Three Princes of Serendip, who (Walpole wrote to a friend) were
“always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of".

From Wiktionary

e.g.

It was only through pure serendipity that I met my best friend!

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