Diarrhea

Passage of 3 or more loose or

liquid stool
per day .

be caused by microbial infections result

May or as a
•
.

of Other
gastrointestinal diseases .

Can be Acute
•
(a) (
lasting C 2 weeks)

(b) Chronic ( persisting 4 weeks )

>

Dysentery : Gt is characterised
by diarrhea with

increased blood & mucus .

often associated
with
fever .
abdominal pain ,
and tenesmus .

Examples of Organisms

causing Bloody
Diarrhea
causing klatery
Diarrhea .

ci, Enterotoxigenic E coli

( E TEC )
ii.
Shiga
toxin
producing
cii , Vibrio cholerae E- coli ( STEC )

( iii , S . Aureus
cii ,
shigella species
ciii , Salmonella enterica
(in Bacillus cereus

Listeria
ein Entamoeba Histolytica
an
monocytogenes
(v ) Campylobacter jejune

Traveler 's Diarrhea :

• Most common travel related infectious illness

• lasts 1- -5
days
Caused E coli ( most ) Campylobacter
.

by common
, jejune
 Mechanisms
Pathogenic :

iii Inoculum size -

Minimum dose required to initiate

the
infection .

(a)
Shigella ,
E coli ,
Entamoeba : to -100 bacteria /
cysts
(b) Salmonella : 103-105 bacilli

(c) Vibrio cholerae : 105 - ios bacilli

cii , Adherence : Adherence to intestinal mucosa

helps
the
in
colonizing mucosa .

Ciii , Toxin Production :

(d) Entero toxins - Cause water diarrhea

Cause destruction
(b) Cy to toxins -

of mucosal cells
,

diarrhea
causing inflammatory
.

(c) Neurotoxins -
Act directly on CMS
producing
vomiting .

laboratory Diagnosis :

Collection
(i, Specimen ( Fecal specimen
containing mucus

flakes )
Color
( Ii , Macros copy -
For ,
Consistency ,
Blood .

Presence
of Adult parasitic forms .

Ciii , Microscopy -
(a)
Hanging drop experiment
(b) Electron microscopy

(c) Gram stained smear

 ( in Bacterial culture

( v ) Molecular Methods : cat PCR

(b) Bio Film

fire Array
Treatment :

•
Treatment depends on
severity -