BEAM DEFLECTIONS

1.Double Integration Method

2.Area-moment method
1. Double Integration Method


𝑑2 𝑦
𝑀 = 𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 2 Differential equation of the elastic curve of
the beam

𝐸𝐼 − 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚

Note:
1. 1st integration is for the moment.
2. 2nd integration is for the deflection.
 Prob. 601
300 N
Ε = 10𝐺𝑝𝑎
Ι = 1.5𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 A
2m 1m x
A C
B y Ra = 100N

Ra Rc 𝑑2𝑦
𝐸𝐼 2 = 𝑀 = 100 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Σ𝑉𝐹 = 0 𝑀 = ∫ 100 𝑥
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑐 = 300 𝑥2
𝑅𝑐 3 = 300(2) = 100 + 𝐶1
2
𝑅𝑎 = 100 𝑁 𝑑𝑦
𝑅𝑐 = 200𝑁 𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑀 = 50𝑥 2 + 𝐶1 Eq. 1

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = ∫ 50𝑥 2 + 𝐶1
𝑥3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 50 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 Eq. 2
3
 Sub in eq.2
300 N
@ Point A, 𝑦 = o, x = o , thus: 𝐶2 = 0
Sub in eq.1
2m
@ Point C, 𝑦 = 0, x = 3 , thus: 𝐶1 = −133𝑁. 𝑚2
A
x

Ra = 100N
therefore:

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝐸𝐼 2 = 𝑀 = 100𝑥 − 300(𝑥 − 2) 𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑀 = 50𝑥 2 − 133 Eq. 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑀 = ∫ 100𝑥 − 300(𝑥 − 2)
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 𝑥−2 2
𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑀 = 100 2 − 300 + 𝐶3 𝑥3
2 𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 50 3 − 133𝑥 Eq. 2
𝑑𝑦
𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑀 = 50𝑥 2 − 150 𝑥 − 2 2
+ 𝐶3 Eq. 3 Distance of the max def from the left
support can be computed by
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = ∫ 50𝑥 2 − 150 𝑥 − 2 2 + 𝐶3
differentiating eq 2 and setting the
𝐸𝐼𝑦 =
𝑥3
50 3 − 150
𝑥−2 3
+ 𝐶3 𝑥 + 𝐶4 derivative to 0;
3 Eq. 4
50
0= (3)𝑥 2
−133(1) ; 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟑𝐦
3
 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟑𝐦 sub in eq. 2
Ε = 10𝐺𝑝𝑎
Ι = 1.5𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
(1.63)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 50 3 − 133(1.63)

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = −145 𝑁. 𝑚3 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

145 1000 3
𝑦 =− 1
(10𝑥109 𝑁/𝑚2 ) (1.5𝑥106 )
1000 2

𝒚 = −𝟗. 𝟔𝟕𝒎𝒎
1. Area-Moment Method

Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0

0 = 𝑅𝐵 8 − 500(8)(4)

𝑅𝐵 = 2000 𝑙𝑏
𝑅𝐴 = 2000 𝑙𝑏
2000 lb 2000 lb

2000 lb

V diag.
4000 lb . ft
-2000 lb

𝑴
diag.
𝑬𝑰

A B Elastic curve

C 𝜃𝐵
 𝜃𝐵 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶 & 𝐵

2 1 𝟏𝟎, 𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕
𝜃𝐵 = 4 4000 =
3 𝐸𝐼 𝑬𝑰

𝑦𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶 & 𝐵 𝐴 & 𝐵 𝑥 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

2 5 1 𝟐𝟔,𝟔𝟔𝟔.𝟔𝟕
𝑦𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 4 4000 4 (𝐸𝐼) =
3 8 𝑬𝑰
 120 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠. 𝑓𝑡

𝑀
𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔.
𝐸𝐼

200 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠. 𝑓𝑡
A B 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝜃𝐴
y
 𝜃𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴 & 𝐵
1 1 1 1
𝜃𝐴 = 2 10 ∗ 120 − 10 ∗ 200 =
𝐸𝐼 3 𝐸𝐼
66.67
− 𝐸𝐼
𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆

𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕
𝜽𝑨 = 𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆
𝑬𝑰

𝑦𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴 & 𝐵 𝑥 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

1 1 1 1 3 1
𝑦𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 2 10 ∗ 120 10 − 3 (10 ∗ 200) (10) =-
3 𝐸𝐼 4 𝐸𝐼
1000
𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝐸𝐼

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒚𝑴𝒂𝒙 =
𝑬𝑰
 MOHRS CIRCLE

- Is a plot that represents in graphical form the transformation

equations for plane stresses.
- This graphical representation is useful because it lets you
visualize the relationship between the normal and shear stresses
acting on various inclined planes at a point in a stressed body.
- Can calculate PRINCIPAL STRESS, MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS and
OTHER STRESSES.
 Eq. 1

Eq. 2
 Eq. 3

Define 𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 & 𝑅

Mohr’s Circle Equation

Sign Convention for Mohr’s Circle

Positive – downward for Shear Stress

𝜽 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝟐𝜽 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜ℎ𝑟 ′ 𝑠 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒

Procedures in Construction Mohr’s
Circle:
1. Draw a set of coordinate axes with σx1 as positive to the right and τx1y1 as positive
downward.
2. Locate point A, representing the stress conditions on the x face of the element by
plotting its coordinates σx1 = σx and τx1y1 = τxy. Note that point A on the circle
corresponds to θ = 0°.
3. Locate point B, representing the stress conditions on the y face of the element by
plotting its coordinates σx1 = σy and τx1y1 = -τxy. Note that point B on the circle
corresponds to θ = 90°.
4. Draw a line from point A to point B, a diameter of the circle passing through point c
(center of circle). Points A and B are at opposite ends of the diameter (and therefore
180° apart on the circle).
5. Using point c as the center, draw Mohr’s circle through points A and B. This circle has
radius R. The center of the circle c at the point having coordinates σx1 = σavg and
τx1y1 = 0.
Graphical Illustration:
Principal Stress:

• Principle stresses are stresses that act on a principle surface.

This surface has no shear force components (that means τx1y1=0)
• This can be easily done by rotating A and B to the σx1 axis.
• σ1= stress on x1 surface, σ2= stress on y1 surface.
• The object in reality has to be rotated at an angle θp to
experience no shear stress.
Maximum Shear Stress:

• The same method to calculate principle stresses is used to find

maximum shear stress.
• Points A and B are rotated to the point of maximum τx1y1value.
This is the maximum shear stress value τmax
• Uniform planar stress (σs ) and shear stress (τmax) will be
experienced by both x1 and y1 surfaces.
• The object in reality has to be rotated at an angle θs to
experience maximum shear stress.
Sample Problem:

Draw the Mohr’s Circle of the stress element shown below. Determine the
principle stresses and the maximum shear stresses
σx = -80 MPa
σy = +50 MPa
τxy = 25 MPa
Coordinates of Points A: (-80,25) B: (50,-25)
Principal Stress
Sample Problem:

Given the same stress element (shown below), find the stress
components when it is inclined at 30° clockwise. Draw the corresponding
stress elements.

σx = -80 MPa
σy = +50 Mpa
τxy = 25 MPa
Coordinates of Points A: (-80,25) B: (50,-25)
σx = -25.8 MPa
σy = -4.15 MPa
τxy = 68.8 MPa