Module 1 - NUMBERS & NUMBER LINES

SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE
FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS Talojongon, Camarines Sur

First Semester, A/Y 2021-2022
MODULE 1 NUMBERS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, the students’ were able to:

1. Define numbers and number lines
2. Describe natural numbers and number lines
3. Differentiate natural numbers and whole numbers
4. Interpret set of natural numbers and operations of natural numbers and integers
5. Use properties of natural numbers
6. Explain operations with natural numbers and other operations with integers
7. Construe different rules on multiplication and division of integers
8. Solve examples related to numbers and integers
INTRODUCTION
Natural numbers are a part of the number system which includes all the positive
integers from 1 till infinity and are also used for counting purpose. It does not include
zero (0). In fact, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9…., are also called counting numbers.
Natural numbers are part of real numbers, that include only the positive integers
i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6, ………. excluding zero, fractions, decimals and negative numbers.
Note: Natural numbers do not include negative numbers or zero.
In this module, you will learn more about natural numbers with respect to their
definition, comparison with whole numbers, representation in the number line,
properties, etc.
In Maths, number lines are the horizontal straight lines in which the integers are
placed in equal intervals. All the numbers in a sequence can be represented in a number
line. This line extends indefinitely at both ends.
LESSON
Natural Number Definition
As explained in the introduction part, natural numbers are the numbers which are
positive integers and includes numbers from 1 till infinity(∞). These numbers are
countable and are generally used for calculation purpose. The set of natural numbers is
represented by the letter “N”.
N = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10…….}
Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers
Natural numbers include all the whole numbers excluding the number 0. In other
words, all natural numbers are whole numbers, but all whole numbers are not natural
numbers.
RONELLE C. SAN BUENAVENTURA, LPT MAEd (CAR) | ronellesb@gmail.com | 09974820616 Page 1

 Natural Numbers = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,…..}

 Whole Numbers = {0,1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,….}
The above representation

of sets shows two regions. A ∩ B
i.e. intersection of natural numbers
and whole numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, ……..) and the green region
showing A-B, i.e. part of the whole
number (0).
Thus, a whole number is “a part of Integers consisting of all the
natural number including 0.”
Representing Natural Numbers on a Number Line
Natural numbers representation on a number line is as follows:
The above number line represents

natural numbers and whole numbers. All
the integers on the right-hand side of 0
represent the natural numbers, thus
forming an infinite set of numbers. When
0 is included, these numbers become
whole numbers which are also an infinite
set of numbers.
Set of Natural Numbers
In a set notation, the symbol of natural number is “N” and it is represented as

given below.
Statement:
N = Set of all numbers starting from 1.
In Roster Form:
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ………………………………}
In Set Builder Form:
N = {x : x is an integer starting from 1}
Natural Numbers Examples
The natural numbers include the positive integers (also known as non-negative
integers) and a few examples include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …∞. In other words, natural
numbers are a set of all the whole numbers excluding 0.
23, 56, 78, 999, 100202, etc. are all examples of natural numbers.

Properties of Natural Numbers
Natural numbers properties are segregated into four main properties which include:
 Closure property
 Commutative property
 Associative property
 Distributive property
Each of these properties is explained below in detail.
CLOSURE PROPERTY
Natural numbers are always closed under addition and multiplication. The
addition and multiplication of two or more natural numbers will always yield a natural
number. In the case of subtraction and division, natural numbers do not obey closure
property, which means subtracting or dividing two natural numbers might not give a natural
number as a result.
 Addition: 1 + 2 = 3, 3 + 4 = 7, etc.
In each of these cases, the resulting number is always a natural number.
 Multiplication: 2 × 3 = 6, 5 × 4 = 20, etc.
In this case also, the resultant is always a natural number.
 Subtraction: 9 – 5 = 4, 3 – 5 = -2, etc.
In this case, the result may or may not be a natural number.
 Division: 10 ÷ 5 = 2, 10 ÷ 3 = 3.33, etc.
For example:
 -2 x 3 = -6; Not a natural number

 6/-2 = -3; Not a natural number
ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY
Associative property explains that addition and multiplication of numbers are possible
regardless of how they are grouped. By grouping we mean the numbers which are given inside
the parenthesis (). Suppose you are adding three numbers, say 2, 5, 6, altogether.
Then even if we group the numbers in addition procedures such as 2 + (5 + 6) or (2 + 5)

+ 6, in both the ways the result will be the same.
The same rule applies to multiplication, i.e., 2 x (5 x 6) = (2 x 5) x 6. This property is

almost similar to commutative property, where only two numbers are used.
Associative Property Definition
Associative as the name implies, means grouping. Origin of the term associative is from
the word “associate”. Basic mathematical operations which can be performed using associate
property are addition and multiplication. This is normally applicable to more than 2 numbers.

As in case of Commutative property, the order of grouping does not matter in

Associative property. It will not alter the result. The grouping of number can be done in
parenthesis irrespective of the order of terms. Thus, the associative law expresses that it
doesn’t make a difference which part of the operation is carried out first; the answer will be the
same.
Associative Property of-
Addition
2 + (5 + 6) = (2 + 5) + 6
2 + 11 = 7 + 6
13 = 13
Multiplication
2 × (5 × 6) = (2 × 5) × 6
2 × 30 = 10 × 6
60 = 60
Note: Both associative and commutative property is applicable for addition and
multiplication only.
Associative Property for Addition
The addition follows associative property i.e. regardless of how numbers are
parenthesized the final sum of the numbers will be the same. Associative property of addition
states that:
(x+y)+z = x+(y+z)
Let us say, we want to add 5+10+4. It can be seen that the answer is 19. Now, let us
group the numbers; put 5 and 10 in the bracket. We get,
⇒ (5+10)+4 = 15+4 = 19 (Remember BODMAS rule)
Now, let’s regroup the terms like 10 and 4 in brackets;
⇒ 5+(10+4) = 5 + 14 = 19
Yes, it can be seen that the sum in both cases are the same. This is the associative property
of addition.
Let us see some more examples.

(1) 3+(2+1) = (3+2)+1
3+3 = 5+1

6=6
L.H.S = R.H.S
(2) 4+(-6+2) = [4 + (-6)] + 2
4 + (-4) = [4-6] + 2
4-4 = -2+2
0=0
L.H.S = R.H.S
Associative Property for Multiplication
Rule for the associative property of multiplication is:
(xy) z = x (yz)
On solving 5×3×2, we get 30 as a product. Now as in addition, let’s group the terms:
⇒ (5 × 3) × 2 = 15 × 2 = 30 (BODMAS rule)
After regrouping,
⇒ 5 × (3 × 2) = 5 × 6 = 30
Products will be the same.
Thus, addition and multiplication are associative in nature but subtraction and division are
not associative.
For example, divide 100 ÷ 10 ÷ 5
⇒ (100 ÷ 10) ÷ 5 ≠ 100 ÷ (10 ÷ 5)
⇒ (10) ÷ 5 ≠ 100 ÷ (2)
⇒ 2 ≠ 50
Subtract, 3 − 2 − 1
⇒ (3 − 2) − 1 ≠ 3 − (2 − 1)
⇒ (1) – 1 ≠ 3 − (1)
⇒0≠2
Hence, proved the associative property is not applicable for subtraction and
division methods.
Associative property of Rational Numbers
Rational numbers follow the associative property for addition and multiplication.

Suppose a/b, c/d and e/f are rational, then the associativity of addition can be written as:
(a/b) + [(c/d) + (e/f)] = [(a/b) + (c/d)] + (e/f)
Similarly, the associativity of multiplication can be written as:
(a/b) × [(c/d) × (e/f)] = [(a/b) × (c/d)] × (e/f)

Example:
Show that (½) + [(¾) + (⅚)] = [(½) + (¾)] + (⅚) and (½) × [(¾) × (⅚)] = [(½) × (¾)] × (⅚).
Solution:
(1/2) + [(3/4) + (5/6)] = (1/2) + [(9 + 10)/12]
= (1/2) + (19/12)
= (6 + 19)/12
= 25/12
[(1/2) + (3/4)] + (5/6) = [(2 + 3)/4] + (5/6)
= (5/4) + (5/6)
= (15 + 10)/12
= 25/12
Therefore, (½) + [(¾) + (⅚)] = [(½) + (¾)] + (⅚)
Now, (1/2) × [(3/4) × (5/6)] = (1/2) × (15/24) = 15/48 = 5/16
[(1/2) × (3/4)] × (5/6) = (3/8) × (5/6) = 15/48 = 5/16
Therefore, (½) × [(¾) × (⅚)] = [(½) × (¾)] × (⅚)
The associative property holds true in case of addition and multiplication of

natural numbers i.e. a + ( b + c ) = ( a + b ) + c and a × ( b × c ) = ( a × b ) × c. On the other
hand, for subtraction and division of natural numbers, the associative property does
not hold true. An example of this is given below.
 Addition: a + ( b + c ) = ( a + b ) + c => 3 + (15 + 1 ) = 19 and (3 + 15 ) + 1 = 19.

 Multiplication: a × ( b × c ) = ( a × b ) × c => 3 × (15 × 1 ) = 45 and ( 3 × 15 ) × 1 = 45.
 Subtraction: a – ( b – c ) ≠ ( a – b ) – c => 2 – (15 – 1 ) = – 12 and ( 2 – 15 ) – 1 = – 14.
 Division: a ÷ ( b ÷ c ) ≠ ( a ÷ b ) ÷ c => 2 ÷( 3 ÷ 6 ) = 4 and ( 2 ÷ 3 ) ÷ 6 = 0.11.

COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY
In mathematics, commutative property or
commutative law explains that order of terms
doesn’t matter while performing arithmetic operations.
This property is applicable only for addition and
multiplication processes. Thus, it means we can
change the position or swap the numbers when
adding or multiplying any two numbers.
For commutative property
 Addition and multiplication of natural numbers show the commutative property.

For example, x + y = y + x and a × b = b × a
 Subtraction and division of natural numbers do not show the commutative property.
For example, x – y ≠ y – x and x ÷ y ≠ y ÷ x
Commutative Property:
A + B = B + A (Addition)
AxB=BxA (Multiplication)
For example: 1+2 = 2+1 and 2 x 3 = 3 x 2.
As we already discussed in the introduction, as per the commutative property or

commutative law, when two numbers are added or multiplied together, then change in their
positions does not change the result. This is one of the major properties of integers.
Examples
 2+3 = 3+2 = 5
 2x3=3x2=6
 5 + 10 = 10 + 5 = 15
 5 x 10 = 10 x 5 = 50
Commutative Property of Addition
According to this property, when we add two integers, the answer will remain unchanged
even if the position of the numbers are changed. Let A and B be the two integers, then;

A+B=B+A
Examples:
 1+2=2+1=3
 3 + 8 = 8 + 3 = 11
 12 + 5 = 5 + 12 = 17
Commutative Property of Multiplication
As per this property, when we multiply two integers, the answer we get after
multiplication will remain the same, even if the position of the integers are interchanged. Let A
and B be the two integers, then;
A×B=B×A
Examples:
 1×2=2×1=2
 3 × 8 = 8 × 3 = 24
 12 × 5 = 5 × 12 = 60
DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY
Distributive property explains that the operation performed on numbers, available in

brackets that can be distributed for each number outside the bracket. It is one of the most
frequently used properties in Maths. The other two major properties are commutative
and associative property.
The distributive property is easy to remember. There are a number of properties in

Maths which will help us to simplify not only arithmetical calculations but also the algebraic
expressions. In this article, you will learn what is distributive property, formula, and solved
examples.
Distributive Property Definition
The Distributive Property is an algebraic property that is used to multiply a single value
and two or more values within a set of parenthesis. The distributive Property States that when a
factor is multiplied by the sum/addition of two terms, it is essential to multiply each of the two
numbers by the factor, and finally perform the addition operation. This property can be stated
symbolically as:

A ( B+ C) = AB + AC
Where A, B and C are three different values.

Let’s consider a simple example: 2(4 + 3).
Since the binomial “4 + 3” is in the parenthesis,

according to the order of operations, you have
to calculate the value of 4 + 3 and then multiply
it by 2, which gives the resultant value as 14.
Distributive Property with Variables
Consider an example here: 6(2+4x)
The two values inside the parenthesis cannot be added since they are not like terms,
therefore it cannot be simplified any further. We need a different method and this is where
Distributive Property can be applied.
If you apply Distributive Property,
6× 2 + 6 × 4x
The parenthesis no longer exists and every term is multiplied by 6.
Now, you can simplify the multiplication for individual terms.
12 + 24x
The distributive property of multiplication lets you simplify expressions wherein you multiply
a number by a sum or difference. According to this property, the product of a sum or difference
of a number is equal to the sum or difference of the products. In algebra, we can have the
distributive property for two arithmetic operations such as:
 Distributive Property of Multiplication

 Distributive Property of Division
Distributive Property of Multiplication
The distributive property of multiplication can be expressed under addition and

subtraction. That means, the operation exists inside the bracket, i.e. between the numbers
inside the bracket will be addition or subtraction. Let’s understand these properties with the
examples here.
Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition
The distributive property of multiplication over addition is applied when you multiply a
value by a sum. For example, you want to multiply 5 by the sum of 10 + 3.
As we have like terms, we usually first add the numbers and then multiply by 5.

5(10 + 3) = 5(13) = 65
But, according to the property, you can first multiply every addend by 5. This is known as
distributing the 5 and then you can add the products.
The multiplication of 5(10) and 5(3) will be performed before you add.
5(10) + 5(3) = 50 + 15 = 65
You can note that the result is the same as before.
You probably use this method without actually knowing that you are using it.
The below equations describe both the methods. We have 10 and 3 on the left-hand
side then multiplied by 5. This expansion is rewritten by applying the distributive property on the
right-hand side where we distribute 5 then multiply by 5 and add the results. You will see that
the result is similar in each case.
5(10 + 3) = 5(10) + 5(3)
5(13) = 50 + 15
65 = 65
Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Subtraction
Now, let’s have a look at the example of a distributive property of multiplication over
subtraction.
Suppose we have to multiply 6 with subtraction of 13 and 5, i.e. (13 – 5).
This can be performed in two ways.
Case 1: 6 × (13 – 5) = 6 × 8 = 48
Case 2: 6 × (13 – 5) = (6 × 13) – (6 × 5) = 78 – 30 = 48

Whichever is the procedure, the final result will be the same in both cases.
The distributive properties of addition and subtraction can be utilized to rewrite

expressions for different purposes. When you multiply a number by a sum, you may add and
multiply. Also, you can first multiply each addend and then add the products. This applies to
subtraction as well. In every case, you disturb the outer multiplier to every value in the
parenthesis, so that multiplication occurs with every value before addition or subtraction.
Distributive Property of Division
We can divide larger numbers using the distributive property by breaking those numbers
into smaller factors.
Let us see an example here:

Q: Divide 84 ÷ 6.

We can write 84 as 60+24
Hence,
(60 + 24) ÷ 6
Now distributing division operation for each factor in the bracket we get;
(60 ÷ 6) + (24 ÷ 6)
= 10 + 4
= 14
Examples
Example 1:
Solve the given expression using the distributive property:
(i) 4(2x4+ 7x)
(ii) 2x(x2+ y)
(iii) 4(7xy+ 13yx)
Solution:
According to the distributive property,
A ( B + C) = AB + AC
(i) 4(2x4+ 7x)
Using distributive law we have,
= 4. 2x4+ 4. 7x
= 8x4+ 28x
(ii) 2x(x2+ y)
Using Distributive property,
= 2x . x2 + 2x. y
= 2x3+ 2xy
(iii) 4(7xy+ 13yx)
Using distributive property, we have
= 4. 7xy + 4. 13yx
= 28 xy + 52 xy
= 80 xy

Operations with Natural Numbers
An overview of algebraic operation with natural numbers i.e. addition, subtraction,

multiplication and division, along with their respective properties are summarized in the table
given below.
Properties and Operations on Natural Numbers
Operation Closure Property Commutative Property Associative Property
Addition Yes Yes Yes
Subtraction No No No
Multiplication Yes Yes Yes
Division No No No
Solved Examples
Question 1: Sort out the natural numbers from the following list:
20, 1555, 63.99, 5/2, 60, −78, 0, −2, −3/2
Solution: Natural numbers from the above list are 20, 1555 and 60.
Question 2: What are the first 10 natural numbers?

Solution: The first 10 natural numbers on the number line are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Question 3: Is the number 0 a natural number?

Solution: 0 is not a natural number. It is a whole number.
Natural numbers only include positive integers.
What is a Number Line?
A number line is a pictorial representation of numbers on a straight line. It’s a reference

for comparing and ordering numbers. It can be used to represent any real number that includes
every whole number and natural number. Just to recollect, the whole number is a set of
numbers that include all counting numbers (1, 2, 3,4,5,6 …….) and zero (0), whereas the
natural number is the set of all counting numbers i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6……..
Writing numbers on a number line make it easier to compare the numbers. From the
above figure, we can see that the integers on the left side are smaller than the integers on the
right side. For example, 0 is less than 1, -1 is less than 0, -2 is less than -1, and so on.

Numbers on a Number Line
Arithmetic operations of numbers can be better explained on a number line. To begin

with, one must know to locate numbers on a number line. Zero is the middle point of a number
line. All (natural numbers) positive numbers occupy the right side of the zero whereas negative
numbers occupy the left side of zero on the number line. As we move on to the left side value of
a number decreases. For example, 1 is greater than -2. In a number line, integers, fractions,
and decimals can also be represented easily. Check out the links given below to learn more.
Representation of Numbers in a Number line
Representation Of Fraction On The

Rational numbers on a number line
Number Line
Representation Of Decimals On Represent Linear Inequalities In

Number Line One Variable On Number Line
Important Notes:
 On a number line, a number on the left is always less than a number on the right.
 Similarly, a number on the right is always greater than a number on the left.
ADDITION ON NUMBER LINES
Adding Positive Numbers
When we add two positive numbers, the result will always be a positive number. Hence,
on adding positive numbers direction of movement will always be to the right side.
For example, addition of 1 and 5 (1 + 5 = 6)
Here the first number is 1 and the second number is 5; both are positive. First, locate 1
on the number line. Then move 5 places to the right will give 6.
Adding Negative Numbers
When we add two negative numbers, the result will always be a negative number.
Hence, adding negative numbers direction of movement will always be to the left side.
For example, the addition of -2 and -3

Here, the first number is -2 and the second number is -3; both are negative. Locate -2 on
the number line. Then move 3 places to the left will give -5.
SUBTRACTION ON NUMBER LINE
Subtracting Positive Numbers
When we subtract two positive numbers, move to the left as far as the value of the
second number.
For example, subtract 5 from 2
Here the first number is 2 and the second number is 5; both are positive. First, locate 2
on the number line. Then move 5 places to the left will give -3.
Subtracting Negative Numbers
When we subtract two negative numbers, move to the right as far as the value of the
second number.
For example, subtract -4 from -2
First, locate -2 on the number line. Then move 4 places to the right will give 2.
Practice Questions
 Add 3 and -9 on the number line.

 Subtract 8 from -2 on the number line.
 Draw a number line representing whole numbers.
 Show the negative integers using a number line
Operations (Addition and Subtraction) on number line
A set of integers include zero, positive numbers and negative numbers excluding
fractions. Even though arithmetic operations apply to integers, the rules for the addition and
subtraction of integers are different.
A number line is a reference for comparing and ordering numbers. Every number on
the number line is plotted with respect to the origin (zero), and the position of a number on a
number line determines the value of that number. This implies that any number right to zero is
known as positive numbers, and the numbers left to zero are known as negative numbers.
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF INTEGERS
The arithmetic operation is a branch of Mathematics that involves addition, subtraction,

division and multiplication on all types of real numbers including integers.

Integers are a particular kind of numbers that include negative numbers, positive numbers and
zero and no fractions. Arithmetic operations on integers and real numbers are similar that can
be either positive or negative.
Rules for multiplication and division of integers are explained below.
MULTIPLICATION OF INTEGERS
By definition, multiplication is the repeated

addition of numbers. But the rules for
multiplication of integers are different from that
of addition. It includes three possibilities. They
are:
 Multiplication between two positive numbers,

 Multiplication between two negative numbers; and
 Multiplication between a positive number and a negative number.
The product of two integers with similar sign numbers will always be positive. This means
the product of two positive numbers or two negative numbers will always be positive. While the
product of a positive number and a negative number (integers with different signs) will always
be negative.
RULES OF MULTIPLICATION
Type of Numbers Operation Result Example
Positive x Positive Multiply Positive (+) 1x5=5
Negative x Negative Multiply Positive (+) (-1) x (-5) = 5
Positive x Negative Multiply Negative (-) 1 x (-5) = -5
Negative x Positive Multiply Negative (-) (-1) x 5 = -5
In case of multiplication of integers, just multiply the numbers without the sign. Once the
product is obtained give the sign according to the rule of multiplication given in the above table.

Since multiplication is commutative property i.e. -4 × 3 = 3 × -4 the result will be same .Hence,
the 3rd and 4th rules in the table are equivalent.
Note:
 If number of negative integers to multiply is odd, the product will be negative
(Ex:−2×−4×−3 = −24).
 If number of negative integers to multiply is even, the product will be positive
(Ex:−4×−3 = 12))
DIVISION OF INTEGERS
If multiplication is totaling of numbers, division is the distribution of numbers. Dividing

integers is opposite operation of multiplication. But the rules for division of integers are same as
multiplication rules. Though, it is not always necessary that the quotient will always be an
integer.
Rule 1: The quotient of two positive integers will always be positive.
Rule 2: The quotient of two negative integers will always be positive.
Rule 3: The quotient of a positive integer and a negative integer will always be negative.
RULES FOR DIVIDING INTEGERS
Type of Numbers Operation Result Example
Positive ÷ Positive Divide Positive (+) 10 ÷ 5 = 2
Negative ÷ Negative Divide Positive (+) (-10) ÷ (-5) = 2
Positive ÷ Negative Divide Negative (-) 10 ÷ (-5) = -2
Negative ÷ Positive Divide Negative (-) (-10) ÷ 5 = -2
Same as multiplication, divide the integers without the sign, then give the sign according
to the rule as given in the table. The division of two integers with the like signs gives positive
quotient and the division of two integers with unlike signs gives negative quotient.

Name: _____________________________________ Score: __________ Rating: ________

Course Yr. & Sec. ____________________________ Date Submitted: __________________
Reflective Learning No.1 NUMBERS & NUMBER LINES

Direction. Answer the following as required. Use Bond Paper, take a picture then attach / send to the
Google Classroom. Copy & Answer (5 points each)
1. Give five (5) examples of natural 6. Discuss number line

numbers 7. Describe integers
2. Give five (5) examples of whole 8. Differentiate positive and negative
numbers integers
3. Define or discuss numbers 9. Explain different multiplication and
4. Differentiate natural numbers and whole division rules of integers
numbers 10. Interpret the relation of integers to
5. Discuss briefly properties of natural number lines
numbers
Activity Exercise No.1 NUMBERS & NUMBER LINES

Direction. Answer the following as required. Use Bond Paper, take a picture then attach / send to the
Google Classroom. Copy & Answer (5 points each)
1. Which property is (c) Additive identity
5 ⋅ x = 5x (d) Multiplicative inverse
(a) Commutative Property of 7. This property tells us that when we
Addition change the order of numbers when we
(b) Commutative Property of are adding, the answer does not
Multiplication change.
(c) Inverse Property of (a) Commutative Addition
Multiplication (b) Commutative Multiplication
(d) Inverse Property of Addition (c) Associative Addition
2. Which of the following is an example of (d) Associative Multiplication
commutative property of addition ? 8. This property tells us that you can move
(a) 7 ⋅ 11 = 11 ⋅ 7 the parentheses when you are
(b) 12+0 = 12 multiplying and the answer will not
(c) 57 + 32 = 32+ 57 change.
3. Which of the following is an example of (a) Associative Addition
associative property of multiplication? (b) Associative Multiplication
(a) (2 + 4) + 5 = 2 + (4 + 5) (c) Commutative Addition
(b) (3 x 4) x 5 = 3 x (4 x 5) (d) Commutative Multiplication
(c) 52 x 4 = 4 x 52 9. Name the property being shown.
(d) 3 + 92 = 95 (2 + 3) + 12 = 2 + (3 + 12)
4. Which of the following is an example of (a) Associative
the identity property of addition? (b) commutative
(a) 72 + 51 = 51 + 72 (c) distributive
(b) 3 + 92 = 95 10. Name the property being shown.
(c) 17 + 0 = 17 5x6 = 6x5
(d) (2 + 4) + 5 = 2 + (4 + 5) (a) Associative
5. Find the equivalent form of (7+a)8 (b) commutative
6. (1/9) x 9 is (c) distributive
(a) Commutative property of
multiplication
(b) Multiplicative identity

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SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE

FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS Talojongon, Camarines Sur

At the end of this module, the students’ were able to:

Natural Number Definition

Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers

RONELLE C. SAN BUENAVENTURA, LPT MAEd (CAR) | ronellesb@gmail.com | 09974820616 Page 1

 Natural Numbers = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,…..}

The above representation

Representing Natural Numbers on a Number Line

Natural numbers representation on a number line is as follows:

The above number line represents

Set of Natural Numbers

In a set notation, the symbol of natural number is “N” and it is represented as

Natural Numbers Examples

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Properties of Natural Numbers

 -2 x 3 = -6; Not a natural number

Then even if we group the numbers in addition procedures such as 2 + (5 + 6) or (2 + 5)

The same rule applies to multiplication, i.e., 2 x (5 x 6) = (2 x 5) x 6. This property is

Associative Property Definition

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As in case of Commutative property, the order of grouping does not matter in

Associative Property of-

Associative Property for Addition

⇒ (5+10)+4 = 15+4 = 19 (Remember BODMAS rule)

Now, let’s regroup the terms like 10 and 4 in brackets;

Let us see some more examples.

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Associative Property for Multiplication

Rule for the associative property of multiplication is:

Products will be the same.

For example, divide 100 ÷ 10 ÷ 5

⇒ (100 ÷ 10) ÷ 5 ≠ 100 ÷ (10 ÷ 5)

⇒ (10) ÷ 5 ≠ 100 ÷ (2)

Associative property of Rational Numbers

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(a/b) + [(c/d) + (e/f)] = [(a/b) + (c/d)] + (e/f)

Similarly, the associativity of multiplication can be written as:

(a/b) × [(c/d) × (e/f)] = [(a/b) × (c/d)] × (e/f)

(1/2) + [(3/4) + (5/6)] = (1/2) + [(9 + 10)/12]

[(1/2) + (3/4)] + (5/6) = [(2 + 3)/4] + (5/6)

Therefore, (½) + [(¾) + (⅚)] = [(½) + (¾)] + (⅚)

Now, (1/2) × [(3/4) × (5/6)] = (1/2) × (15/24) = 15/48 = 5/16

[(1/2) × (3/4)] × (5/6) = (3/8) × (5/6) = 15/48 = 5/16

Therefore, (½) × [(¾) × (⅚)] = [(½) × (¾)] × (⅚)

The associative property holds true in case of addition and multiplication of

 Addition: a + ( b + c ) = ( a + b ) + c => 3 + (15 + 1 ) = 19 and (3 + 15 ) + 1 = 19.

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For commutative property

 Addition and multiplication of natural numbers show the commutative property.

For example: 1+2 = 2+1 and 2 x 3 = 3 x 2.

As we already discussed in the introduction, as per the commutative property or

Commutative Property of Addition

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Commutative Property of Multiplication

Distributive property explains that the operation performed on numbers, available in

The distributive property is easy to remember. There are a number of properties in

Distributive Property Definition

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Where A, B and C are three different values.

Since the binomial “4 + 3” is in the parenthesis,

Distributive Property with Variables

Consider an example here: 6(2+4x)

If you apply Distributive Property,

Module 1 - NUMBERS & NUMBER LINES

Module 1 - NUMBERS & NUMBER LINES