Pointers in Grammar & Composition

1. Words that name people, places and things. NOUNS

2. A word which names a person, place or thing in general. COMMON NOUNS
3. When a word names a particular, or the only, member of a class or group and is always capitalized. PROPER NOUNS
4. If a noun names something that can be detected by the five senses. CONCRETE NOUNS
5. If a noun refers to qualities which do not exist in the real world and cannot be felt, tasted, seen, heard or touched. ABSTRACT
NOUNS
6. Name groups or collections of people, places and things. COLLECTIVE NOUNS
7. Refer to things that can be counted. COUNT NOUNS
8. Refer to non-living thingswhichcannot be counted. MASS NOUNS
9. Shows ownership, belonging, or that something is part of something else. POSSESSIVE NOUNS
10. Refer to and replace nouns. PRONOUNS
11. Are used frequently in English to make writing and speaking more interesting. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
12. Nouns which name a male person MASCULINE
13. Nouns which name a female person FEMININE
14. The pronoun it which shows no gender is called. NEUTER
15. Term used in grammar to talk about the special forms of pronouns needed when they are used in different places in a sentence.
CASE
16. The noun or nouns a pronoun refers to or replaces. ANTECEDENT
17. Does not refer to any particular person or thing. INDEFINITE PRONOUN
18. This very small group of pronouns is extremely useful in making clear sentences and it show demonstration. DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUN
19. Used when the “receiver” of the action is the same person as the “doer. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
20. Look exactly like reflexive pronouns but they are used to emphasize a noun or another pronoun. EMPHATIC PRONOUN
21. There are only two of them: each other & one another. RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS
22. When you ask a question about someone or something. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
23. Used to insert special grammar structures called clauses into a basic sentence. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
24. They show that something is being done or that something is happening. ACTION VERBS
25. They show that something or somebody exists. STATE OF BEING VERBS
26. A verb can sometimes be made up of more than one word VERB PHRASE
27. Within a verb phrase, the word that expresses the action. MAIN VERB
28. The other words that tell when the situation took place. AUXILIARY VERBS
29. These verb tenses are used to express actions in their simplest form. SIMPLE VERB TENSES
30. Are used to express a single action which has been, or is about to be, completed. PERFECT TENSES
31. Describe actions in the past, present and future. When you want to describe actions that continued over a period of time.
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
32. Are a combination of the perfect tense and the progressive tense. PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
33. Verbs form their principal parts by changing their spelling. IRREGULAR VERBS
34. The person or thing that did the action is usually mentioned first and the thing that received the action is mentioned last. ACTIVE
VOICE
35. To “downplay” the “doer” of the action. PASSIVE VOICE
36. Words that tell more about nouns or pronouns or a word which describes or modifies a noun or pronoun ADJECTIVES
37. Describing words which add details to the sentence by modifying verbs, adjectives. ADVERBS
38. Still other words cannot be used in comparisons, because of their meaning. ABSOLUTE ADJECTIVES
39. Are little words that show the relationship between nouns/pronouns or tell when, where, howthe action in a verb took place.
PREPOSITIONS
40. Prepositions and the nouns/pronouns that followthemarealways grouped together and treated as a single grammar unit.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
41. Consist of two or more words which are treated as a single unit. COMPOUND PREPOSITION/ COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS
42. May join words, phrases or clauses. CONJUNCTIONS
43. Join words that are the same part of speech: a noun with a noun; an adjectivewithanadjective; and so on. COORDINATE
CONJUNCTIONS
44. This small group of joining words are similar to co-ordinate conjunctions, but they are always used inpairs.CORELATIVE
CONJUNCTIONS
45. Are used to join two complete sentences that are very closely related in meaning. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

46. Theyareused to join two ideas which otherwise would require two separate sentences. SUBORDINATE
CONJUNCTIONS
47. A word or group of wordsusedtoexpress strong feeling. INTERJECTIONS
48. Some words and phrases come after the noun. POST MODIFIERS
49. Is a noun formed with a verb ending in ing. GERUND PHRASE