EE 433: Applied Control Engineering Name: Ahmed Sarawi

HW#4 ID# 201961270

Simulate Tank process in SimulinkTM (General Energy Sec# 02
Balance)
232

Introduction
Given a process below as Figure 1 shows that need to be tested in SimulinkTM
to justify if lim 𝑇(𝑡) < ∞ for the differential equation below:
𝑡→∞

𝑑𝑇 𝑤1 𝑄 𝑑𝑉 1
= ( ) (𝑇1 − 𝑇) + , 𝑎𝑠 𝑤1 > 𝑤 & = (𝑤 − 𝑤) , 𝑎𝑠 lim 𝑉(𝑡) 𝑖𝑠 ∞
𝑑𝑡 𝜌𝑉 𝜌𝑉𝐶 𝑑𝑡 𝜌 1 𝑡→∞

where 𝑇 is the temperature inside the tank, 𝑤1 is the liquid mass flow-rate to the tank, 𝑤
is the liquid mass flow-rate out of the tank, 𝑇1 is the disturbance temperature added to
the tank, 𝑄 is the amount of heat absorbed by a system, where 𝐶 specific heat capacity
and 𝑉 is the total volume of the liquid inside, 𝜌 is the measure of density of the of the
liquid inside . The simulate will be with these various inputs along with time axis to
have better grasp to what process is.

𝒘𝟏
𝑽(𝒕)

𝑻(𝒕)

𝑻𝟏

Figure 1 (Tank process and its BD representation)

Simulating Tank process with different using SimulinkTM
After building the exact BD in SimulinkTM and run for certain seconds with these
chosen parameters:
200𝑘𝑔 150𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝐽
{𝑤, 𝑤1 , 𝑇1 , 𝑇(0), 𝜌, 𝐶, 𝑄} = { , , 90℃, 0℃, 0.5 , 0.1 , 2000 𝐵𝑇𝑈}
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔 °𝐶

Also noted that, an error happened due division by zero (𝑉(0) = 0 𝑚3 ). So, the
initial value of 𝑉 will be changed to (𝑉(0) = 1 𝑚3 ) to keep running the simulation
and stop terminated it. Figure 2 below will demonstrate T vs time for this process.

Figure 2 (Generated plot by simulation for the given equation using the above values)

As the simulation runs for infinite time, 𝑇(𝑡) will reach to a steady−state of a value
of 190℃. Also shown that 𝑇(𝑡) reached the steady−state value in very short time
which seems that 𝑇(𝑡) do not relay in time and only other parameters
Solving the linear 1st−Order differential equation in 𝑻(𝒕)
𝑑𝑇(𝑡) 𝑤1 𝑄 1
=( ) (𝑇1 − 𝑇(𝑡)) + 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉(𝑡) = (𝑤1 − 𝑤)𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝜌𝑉(𝑡) 𝜌𝑉(𝑡)𝐶 𝜌
𝑑𝑦
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑇(𝑡) = 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑦′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡=𝑥
𝑑𝑡
𝑤1 1 𝑤1 𝑇1 𝑄 1
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑦′ + ( )𝑦 = ( + )
𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝑥 𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝜌𝐶(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝑥
𝑤1 1 𝑤1 𝑇1 𝑄
𝑆𝑜, 𝑃(𝑥) = ( ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄(𝑥) = ( + )
𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝑥 𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝜌𝐶(𝑤1 − 𝑤)
𝑤1 1 𝑤1 𝑤1 𝑤1
∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ln|𝑥| ln(𝑥)𝜌(𝑤1−𝑤)
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝜌(𝑤1 −𝑤) = 𝑒 1 −𝑤)
𝜌(𝑤 =𝑒 = 𝑥 1 −𝑤)
𝜌(𝑤

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇′ (𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑥)𝜇(𝑥), 𝜇(𝑥)𝑦 ′ + 𝜇(𝑥)𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝜇(𝑥)𝑄(𝑥)

𝑑𝜇(𝑥)
𝜇(𝑥)𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝜇(𝑥)𝑄(𝑥) → (𝜇(𝑥)𝑦)′ = 𝜇(𝑥)𝑄(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

∫(𝜇(𝑥)𝑦)′ = ∫ 𝜇(𝑥)𝑄(𝑥) → 𝜇(𝑥)𝑦 = ∫ 𝜇(𝑥)𝑄(𝑥)

𝑤1 𝑤1 𝑤1 𝑇1 𝑄 1
(𝑥 1−𝑤) ) 𝑦
𝜌(𝑤 = ∫ 𝑥 1−𝑤) (
𝜌(𝑤 + )
𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝜌𝐶(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝑥
𝑤1 𝑇1 𝑄
𝑤1 ( + ) 𝑤1
𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝜌𝐶(𝑤1 − 𝑤)
(𝑥 1−𝑤) ) 𝑦
𝜌(𝑤 = 𝑤1 𝑥 1 −𝑤)
𝜌(𝑤

𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤)
𝑤1 𝑇1 𝑄
( + ) 𝑄 2000
𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤) 𝜌𝐶(𝑤1 − 𝑤)
𝑇(𝑡) = 𝑦 = 𝑤1 = 𝑇1 + = 90 + = 190℃
𝐶𝑤1 (0.1)(200)
𝜌(𝑤1 − 𝑤)

𝑆𝑜, 𝑇 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒

𝑏𝑦 {𝑇1 , 𝑄, 𝐶}
With using graphical website (Desmos), it shows in Figure 3 that how 𝑇 behave in
the graph verse time

Figure 3 (2D graph of T vs time using the main equation)

Observation
As the analysis above imply that 𝑇 will goes to steady−state after a short time
of running and at 190℃. In addition, 𝑇 is independent of time and only depend of
{𝑇1 , 𝑄, 𝐶 } and other parameter will not affect the time it needs to reach the steady−state
value. The reason why Simulation takes very little time and it should be with not time
is due the time of execution and delayed within the simulation.