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Joint Sealant

This document is issued by PED, SABIC E&PM, Jubail Industrial City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The information contained
in this document is the confidential property of SABIC. It cannot be disclosed, copied or used for any purpose without approval
from SABIC. If you are not authorized to possess this document, please destroy it immediately.
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CONTENTS

1. SCOPE ................................................................................................................. 3
2. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 3
3. DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................... 3
4. GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 4
4.1 Joint Sealant Application .............................................................................. 4
4.2 Performance Requirements.......................................................................... 5
4.3 Submittals ..................................................................................................... 5
4.4 Quality Assurance ........................................................................................ 5
4.5 Delivery, Storage, and Handling ................................................................... 6
4.6 Project Conditions ........................................................................................ 6
4.7 Warranty ....................................................................................................... 6
5. PRODUCTS ......................................................................................................... 7
5.1 General ......................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Elastomeric Joint Sealants ........................................................................... 8
5.3 Latex Joint Sealants ..................................................................................... 9
5.4 Acoustical Joint Sealants .............................................................................. 9
5.5 Joint-sealant Backing ................................................................................... 9
5.6 Miscellaneous Materials ............................................................................... 9
6. EXECUTION ...................................................................................................... 10
6.1 Examination ................................................................................................ 10
6.2 Preparation ................................................................................................. 10
6.3 Installation of Joint Sealants ....................................................................... 11
6.4 Field Quality Control ................................................................................... 12
6.5 Cleaning...................................................................................................... 13
6.6 Protection.................................................................................................... 13
7. REVISION HISTORY ......................................................................................... 13

TABLES
Table I Classification of Sealants ........................................................................ 7
Table II Elastomeric Sealant Schedule ................................................................ 8
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1. Scope
This standard establishes the minimum requirements for materials, labor and accessories necessary
for the completion of joint sealant applications.

2. References
Reference is made in this standard to the following documents. The latest issues, amendments, and
supplements to these documents shall apply unless otherwise indicated.

Any conflict between this standard, SES and industry standards, engineering drawings and contract
documents shall be resolved at the discretion of SABIC.

American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM)

C 719 Standard Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint Sealants under
Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle)
C 834 Standard Specification for Latex Sealants
C 919 Standard Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applications
C 920 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
C 1193 Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
C 1248 Standard Test Method for Staining of Porous Substrate by Joint Sealant
D 1056 Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials - Sponge or Expanded Rubber
E 90 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss
of Building Partitions and Elements

3. Definitions
Compatibility: The capability of two or more materials to be placed in contact or close proximity with
one another and each material maintaining its usual physical or chemical properties, or both.
Compound: An intimate mixture of all the ingredients necessary for a finished material or product.
Construction Joint: A formed or assembled joint at a predetermined location where two successive
placements of concrete meet.
Control Joint: A formed, sawed, tooled, or assembled joint acting to regulate the location and degree
of cracking and separation resulting from the dimensional change of different elements of a structure.
Cure: The process by which a compound attains its intended properties through evaporation, chemical
reaction, heat, radiation, or combinations thereof.
Elastomer: A macromolecular material that returns rapidly to approximately its original dimensions and
shape after substantial deformation by a weak force and release of the force.
Expansion Joint: A structural separation between building elements that allows independent
movement without damage to the assembly.
Isolation Joint: A formed or assembled joint specifically intended to separate and prevent the bonding
of one element of a structure to another and having little or no transference of movement or vibration
across the joint.
Joint: The space or opening between two or more adjoining surfaces.
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Joint Filler: A compressible material used in a partial or totally filled expansion, control, or isolation
joint by its permanent placement in or between building materials such as concrete or masonry during
construction; sometimes used as a sealant in a partially filled joint.
Latex Sealant: A compound that cures primarily through water evaporation.
Non-sag Sealant: A compound that exhibits little or no flow when applied in vertical or inverted joints.
Pot Life: The time interval after mixing the components of a multi-component sealant, during which
application and tooling is possible.
Primer: A compatible coating designed to enhance adhesion.
Seal: A barrier against the passage of liquids, solids or gases.
Sealant: A material that has the adhesive and cohesive properties to form a seal.
Sealant Backing: A compressive material placed in a joint before applying the sealant.
Silicone Sealant: A liquid-applied curing compound based on polymers of polysiloxane structures.
Tooling: The act of compacting and contouring a sealant in a joint.

4. General
4.1 Joint Sealant Application

4.1.1 This standard covers the following joint sealant applications:

a. Exterior joints in the following vertical surfaces and non-traffic horizontal surfaces:
i. Control and expansion joints in cast-in-place concrete
ii. Joints between architectural precast concrete units
iii. Control and expansion joints in unit masonry
iv. Joints in exterior insulation and finish systems
v. Joints between metal panels
vi. Joints between different materials as indicated on drawings
vii. Perimeter joints between materials as indicated on drawings and frames of
doors and windows
viii. Control and expansion joints in ceiling and overhead surfaces
ix. Other joints as indicated on drawings
b. Exterior joints in the following horizontal traffic surfaces:
i. Joints between architectural precast concrete paving units
ii. Joints in stone paving units, including steps
iii. Tile control and expansion joints
iv. Joints between different materials as indicated on drawings
v. Other joints as indicated on drawings
c. Interior joints in the following vertical surfaces and horizontal non-traffic surfaces:
i. Control and expansion joints on exposed interior surfaces of exterior walls
ii. Perimeter joints of exterior openings where indicated on drawings
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iii. Tile control and expansion joints

iv. Vertical control joints on exposed surfaces of interior unit masonry and
concrete walls and partitions
v. Perimeter joints between interior wall surfaces and frames of interior
doors, windows, and elevator entrances
vi. Joints between plumbing fixtures and adjoining walls, floors, and counters
vii. Other joints as indicated on drawings
d. Interior joints in the following horizontal traffic surfaces:
i. Control and expansion joints in stone flooring
ii. Control and expansion joints in brick flooring
iii. Control and expansion joints in tile flooring
iv. Other joints as indicated on drawings

4.2 Performance Requirements

4.2.1 Elastomeric joint sealants for exterior applications shall establish and maintain watertight
and airtight continuous joint seals without staining or deteriorating joint substrates.

4.2.2 Joint sealants for interior applications shall establish and maintain airtight and water-
resistant continuous joint seals without staining or deteriorating joint substrates.

4.3 Submittals

4.3.1 The following shall be submitted to SABIC:

a. Product data for each joint-sealant product indicated.
b. Samples for initial selection. Manufacturer's color charts consisting of strips of
cured sealants showing the full range of colors available for each product exposed
to view.
c. Samples for verification, for each type and color of joint sealant required. Joint
sealants shall be installed in 13 mm wide joints formed between two 150 mm long
strips of material matching the appearance of exposed surfaces adjacent to joint
sealants.
d. Product certificates, signed by manufacturers of joint sealants, certifying that
products furnished comply with requirements and are suitable for the use
indicated.

4.4 Quality Assurance

4.4.1 Installer shall be experienced and specialized in installing joint sealants with a record of
successful in-service performance.

4.4.2 Each type of joint sealant shall be obtained from a single manufacturer.

4.4.3 The following preconstruction compatibility and adhesion testing shall be performed on
joint sealants, and the results shall be submitted to SABIC:
a. Manufacturer’s standard test methods shall be used to determine whether priming
and other specific joint preparation techniques are required to obtain rapid,
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optimum adhesion of joint sealant to joint substrates. Allowable temperature

ranges for joint sealant installation shall be indicated.
b. Tests shall be performed under environmental conditions duplicating those that will
exist during installation.
c. Elastomeric joint sealants shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C 920, and to
other standard test methods specified on drawings or contract documents.

4.4.4 Preconstruction field-adhesion testing of elastomeric sealants shall be performed with

respect to joint substrates as follows:
a. Test joints shall be located where indicated or as directed by SABIC.
b. Field tests shall be conducted for each elastomeric and non-elastomeric sealant
and joint substrate.
c. SABIC shall be notified 3 days in advance of dates and times when tests will be
conducted.

4.5 Delivery, Storage, and Handling

4.5.1 Materials shall be delivered to project site in original unopened containers or bundles,
with labels indicating manufacturer, product name and designation, color, expiration
date, pot life, curing time, and mixing instructions for multicomponent materials.

4.5.2 Materials shall be stored and handled in compliance with manufacturer's written
instructions to prevent their deterioration or damage due to moisture, high or low
temperatures, contaminants, or other causes.

4.6 Project Conditions

4.6.1 Installation of joint sealants shall not be started under the following conditions:
a. When ambient and substrate temperature conditions are outside limits permitted by
joint sealant manufacturer.
b. When joint substrates are wet or it is raining.

4.6.2 Installation of joint sealants shall not be started where joint widths are less than those
allowed by joint sealant manufacturer for applications indicated.

4.6.3 Installation of joint sealants shall not be started until contaminants capable of interfering
with adhesion are removed from joint substrates.

4.7 Warranty

4.7.1 Special warranties in this sub-section shall be in addition to, and run concurrent with,
other warranties made by contractor under requirements of the contract documents.

4.7.2 Installer shall submit a written warranty for two years from project completion, agreeing
to repair or replace elastomeric joint sealants that do not comply with performance and
other requirements specified in 4.7.4 within specified warranty period.

4.7.3 Manufacturer shall submit a written warranty for ten years from project completion,
agreeing to furnish elastomeric joint sealants to repair or replace those that do not
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comply with performance and other requirements specified in 4.7.4 within specified
warranty period.

4.7.4 Special warranties shall exclude deterioration or failure of elastomeric joint sealants from
the following:
a. Movement of the structure resulting in stresses on the sealant exceeding sealant
manufacturer's written specifications for sealant elongation and compression
caused by structural settlement or errors attributable to design or construction.
b. Disintegration of joint substrates from natural causes exceeding design
specifications.
c. Mechanical damage caused by individuals, tools, or other outside agents.
d. Changes in sealant appearance caused by accumulation of dirt or other
atmospheric contaminants.

5. Products
5.1 General

5.1.1 For classification of sealants, see Table I.

Table I
Classification of Sealants

CLASSIFICATION DETAILS

Type S A single component sealant

Type M A multi component sealant

Grade P A pourable or self-leveling sealant for horizontal joints

Grade NS A non-sag, gunnable sealant for vertical joints

A sealant which will withstand 25 percent increase or
Class 25
decrease of joint width
A sealant which will withstand 12.5 percent increase or
Class 12.5
decrease of joint width
Use A A sealant designed for aluminum

Use G A sealant for glass

Use M A sealant for mortar-multi component

Use NT A sealant for use in non-traffic areas

A sealant designed for use in joints in pedestrian
Use T
walkways and vehicular traffic
A sealant that meets ASTM C920 specification for
Use O
adhesion and cohesion tests.
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5.1.2 Joint sealants, backings, and other related materials shall be compatible with one
another and with joint substrates under conditions of service and application, as
demonstrated by sealant manufacturer based on testing and field experience.

5.1.3 Colors of exposed joint sealants shall be as selected by SABIC from manufacturer’s
standard colors. For concealed materials, natural colors that have best overall
performance shall be provided.

5.2 Elastomeric Joint Sealants

5.2.1 Elastomeric sealants shall comply with ASTM C 920.

5.2.2 Selection and use of elastomeric sealants shall be as per Table II.

Table II
Elastomeric Sealants Schedule

USE USE
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION TYPE GRADE CLASS
(Exposure Related) (Substrate Related)
Single-Component Non-sag
S NS 25 NT M, G, A, O
Polysulfide Sealant (ES-P1)
Multicomponent Non-sag
M NS 25 T and NT M, G, A, O
Polysulfide Sealant (ES-P2)
Nonacid-Curing Silicone
S NS 25 NT M, G, A, O
Sealant (ES-S1) (1)
Acid-Curing Silicone Sealant
S NS 25 NT G, A, O
(ES-S2)
Mildew-Resistant Silicone
S NS 25 NT G, A, O
Sealant (ES-S3) (2)
Multicomponent Non-sag
M NS 25 NT M, A, O
Urethane Sealant (ES-U1) (3)
Single-Component Non-sag
S NS 25 T and NT M, G, A, O
Urethane Sealant (ES-U2)

Notes:
(1) Additional Movement Capability: 100 percent movement in extension and 50 percent movement in
compression for a total of 150 percent movement.
(2) When this product is intended for sealing interior ceramic tile joints, and other nonporous substrates that are
subjected to in-service exposures of high humidity and extreme temperatures , it shall be formulated with
fungicide.
(3) Additional Movement Capability: 50 percent movement in extension and 50 percent in compression for a
total of 100 percent movement.
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5.2.3 Where additional movement capability is specified, products tested for adhesion and
cohesion under maximum cyclic movement in accordance with ASTM C 719 shall be
able to withstand the specified percentage change in the joint width existing at the time of
installation, and remain in compliance with other requirements of ASTM C 920 for uses
indicated.

5.2.4 Where elastomeric sealants are specified to be non-staining to porous substrates,

products shall be provided that have been tested in accordance with ASTM C 1248 and
have not stained porous joint substrates proposed for project.

5.3 Latex Joint Sealants

5.3.1 Latex sealants shall comply with ASTM C 834.

5.3.2 Latex Sealant (LS-L1) shall be used on interior applications only.

5.4 Acoustical Joint Sealants

5.4.1 Acoustical sealant for exposed and concealed joints shall be as per manufacturer's
standard non-sag, paintable, non-staining latex sealant complying with ASTM C 834.

5.4.2 Acoustical sealant shall effectively reduce airborne sound transmission through
perimeter joints and openings in building construction, as demonstrated by testing
representative assemblies in accordance with ASTM E 90.

5.4.3 Acoustical sealant for exposed and concealed joints (ACS-A1) shall be used where
indicated on drawings for sound control.

5.5 Joint-sealant Backing

5.5.1 Sealant backings shall be of materials and types that are non-staining, compatible with
joint substrates, sealants, primers, and other joint fillers, which are approved for
applications indicated by sealant manufacturer, based on field experience and laboratory
testing.

5.5.2 Elastomeric tubing sealant backings shall be neoprene, butyl, EPDM or silicone tubing,
complying with ASTM D 1056, nonabsorbent to water and gas, and capable of remaining
resilient at temperatures down to -32 C.

5.5.3 Products shall have a low compression set, shall be of a size and shape to provide a
secondary seal, to control sealant depth, and otherwise contribute to optimum sealant
performance.

5.5.4 Bond-breaker tape shall be polyethylene or other plastic recommended by sealant

manufacturer. Tape shall prevent sealant from adhering to rigid, inflexible joint-filler
materials or joint surfaces at back of joint, where such adhesion would result in sealant
failure. Self-adhesive tape shall be used where applicable.

5.6 Miscellaneous Materials

5.6.1 Primer recommended by joint sealant manufacturer shall be provided where required for
adhesion of sealant to joint substrates indicated.
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5.6.2 Chemical cleaners for nonporous surfaces shall be acceptable to manufacturers of

sealants and sealant backing materials. They shall be free from oily residues or other
substances capable of staining or harming joint substrates and adjacent nonporous
surfaces in any way, and formulated to promote optimum adhesion of sealants with joint
substrates.

5.6.3 Masking tape shall be non-staining, nonabsorbent material, compatible with joint
sealants and surfaces adjacent to joints.

6. Execution
6.1 Examination

6.1.1 Joints indicated to receive joint sealants shall be examined with installer presence , for
compliance with requirements for joint configuration, installation tolerances, and other
conditions affecting joint-sealant performance.

6.1.2 Installation shall be started only after all unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

6.2 Preparation

6.2.1 Joints shall be surface cleaned before installing joint sealants, in accordance with joint
sealant manufacturer's written instructions and the following requirements:
a. All foreign material that could interfere with adhesion of joint sealant shall be
removed from joint substrates, including dust, paints (except for permanent,
protective coatings tested and approved for sealant adhesion and compatibility by
sealant manufacturer), old joint sealants, oil, grease, waterproofing, water
repellents, water, surface dirtand frost.
b. Porous joint substrate surfaces, for example concrete, masonry and unglazed
surfaces of ceramic tiles, shall be cleaned by brushing, grinding, blast cleaning,
mechanical abrading, or a combination of these methods, to produce a clean,
sound substrate capable of developing optimum bond with joint sealants. Loose
particles remaining from above the cleaning operations shall be removed by
vacuuming or blowing out joints with oil-free compressed air.
c. Laitance and form-release agents shall be removed from concrete.
d. Nonporous surfaces, for example metal, glass, porcelain enamel, and glazed
surfaces of ceramic tiles, shall be cleaned with chemical cleaners or other means
that do not stain, harm substrates, or leave residues capable of interfering with
adhesion of joint sealants.

6.2.2 Joint substrates shall be primed where recommended in writing by joint sealant
manufacturer, based on preconstruction joint-sealant-substrate tests or prior experience.
Primer shall be applied in conformance with joint sealant manufacturer's written
instructions. Primers shall be confined to areas of joint-sealant bond. Spillage or
migration onto adjoining surfaces shall not be allowed.

6.2.3 Masking tape shall be used where required to prevent contact of sealant with adjoining
surfaces that would otherwise be permanently stained or damaged by such contact or by
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cleaning methods required to remove sealant smears. Tape shall be removed

immediately after tooling, without disturbing joint seal.

6.3 Installation of Joint Sealants

6.3.1 Joint sealants shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's written installation
instructions for products and applications indicated, unless more stringent requirements
are indicated in the drawings.

6.3.2 Joint sealants shall be installed in accordance with ASTM C 1193.

6.3.3 Acoustical sealant application shall be in accordance with ASTM C 919.

6.3.4 Sealant backings of type indicated shall be installed to support sealants during
application, and at position required to produce cross-sectional shapes and depths of
installed sealants.

6.3.5 Installation of sealant backings shall comply with the following:

a. Gaps shall not be left between ends of sealant backings.
b. Sealant backings shall not be stretched, twisted, punctured or turn.
c. Absorbent sealant backings that have become wet shall be removed before
sealant application, and replaced with dry materials.

6.3.6 Bond-breaker tape shall be installed behind sealants where sealant backings are not
used between sealants and back of joints.

6.3.7 Sealants shall be installed at the same time backings are installed, and shall be installed
by proven techniques, to comply with the following:
a. Sealants shall be placed in a way such that, they directly contact and fully wet joint
substrates.
b. Recesses provided for each joint configuration shall be completely filled.
c. Uniform, cross-sectional shapes and depths relative to joint widths shall be
produced, that allow optimum sealant movement capability.

6.3.8 In order to achieve smooth and uniform surface, to eliminate air pockets and to ensure
contact and adhesion of sealant with sides of joint, immediately after application of non-
sag sealants and before skinning or curing begins, sealants shall be tooled according to
the following requirements:
a. Excess sealants shall be removed from surfaces adjacent to joint.
b. Only tooling agents that are approved in writing by sealant manufacturer, and that
do not discolor sealants or adjacent surfaces, shall be used.
c. Joint configuration shall be in accordance with drawings and ASTM C 1193.
d. Masking tape shall be used to protect adjacent surfaces of recessed tooled joints.
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6.4 Field Quality Control

6.4.1 One test shall be performed for each 30 m of joint length for each type of elastomeric
sealant and joint substrate.

6.4.2 Joint sealants shall be tested by the following hand-pull method:

a. Knife cuts shall be made from one side of joint to the other, followed by two cuts
approximately 50 mm long at sides of joint, and meeting cross cut at one end. A
mark shall be placed 25 mm from cross-cut end of 50 mm piece.
b. Use fingers to grasp 50 mm piece of sealant between cross-cut end mark 25 mm
mark; pull firmly at a 90° angle or more in direction of side cuts while holding a
ruler alongside of sealant. Pull sealant out of joint to the distance recommended by
sealant manufacturer for testing adhesive capability, but not less than that equaling
specified maximum movement capability in extension; hold this position for 10
seconds.
c. For joints with dissimilar substrates, adhesion to each substrate shall be checked
separately by extending cut along one side, checking adhesion to opposite side,
and then repeating this procedure for opposite side.

6.4.3 Joints shall be inspected for complete fill, for absence of voids, and that joint
configuration complies with specified requirements. Results shall be recorded in a field
adhesion test log.

6.4.4 Tested joints shall be inspected and the following reported:

a. Whether sealants in joints connected to pulled-out portion failed to adhere to joint
substrates or tore cohesively. Data on pull distance used to test each type of product
and joint substrate shall be included. Results shall be compared to determine if
adhesion passes sealant manufacturer's field- adhesion hand-pull test criteria.
b. Whether sealants filled joint cavities and are free from voids.
c. Whether sealant dimensions and configurations comply with specified requirements.

6.4.5 Test results shall be recorded in a field adhesion test log, and shall include dates when
sealants were installed, names of persons who installed sealants, test dates, test
locations, whether joints were primed, adhesion results and percent elongations, sealant
fill, sealant configuration and sealant dimensions.

6.4.6 Sealants pulled from test area shall be repaired by applying new sealants, following the
same procedures used to originally seal joints. It shall be ensured that original sealant
surfaces are clean, and new sealant contacts original sealant.

6.4.7 Sealants not evidencing adhesive failure from testing or noncompliance with other
indicated requirements, shall be considered satisfactory. Sealants that fail to adhere to
joint substrates during testing, or to comply with other requirements, shall be cleaned off.
Failed applications shall be retested until test results prove sealants complying with
indicated requirements.
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6.5 Cleaning

6.5.1 Excess sealants or sealant smears adjacent to joints shall be removed as the work
progresses, by methods and with cleaning materials approved in writing by
manufacturers of joint sealants and of products in which joints occur.

6.6 Protection

6.6.1 During and after curing period, joint sealants shall be protected from contact with
contaminating substances and damages resulting from construction operations or other
causes.

6.6.2 Sealants shall be without deterioration or damage at time of substantial completion.

Despite such protection, if damage or deterioration occurs, damaged or deteriorated joint
sealants shall be cut out and removed immediately to ensure that installations with
repaired areas are indistinguishable from the original work.

7. Revision History
Revision No.2, June 2015 Refined and restructured.
Added : Section 3 and 7
Added : Table II

Revision No.3, June 2018 Refined with minor revision.