Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Laboratory Record Manual

B.E(CSE)

Ajay R
7376211CS110
Semester V

21CS025 – Multimedia and Animation

Academic Year 2023-2024

Prepared by HoD/CSE
Ms. S. Gayathri
Mr. S. Sathish Kannan

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No Name of Experiment Date Pg.no

1 Image Editing and Manipulation - Basic Operations on images

using any image editing software.

2 Implementation of audio and Video Editing techniques

3 Sketching of cartoon characters

4 Design 2D Logo using the image editing tool.

5 Creating gif animated images in 2D Animation

6 Exploring the Interface of 3D application & Primitive Modelling

7 Create different types of Materials and Shading

8 Create a simple walk cycle using the character Rigs

9 Create a 3-point Light Setup

10 Create particle Simulation & Rendering

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Ex.no:1

IMAGE EDITING AND MANIPULATION

BASIC OPERATIONS ON IMAGES USING ANY IMAGE EDITING SOFTWARE

Aim:
To design an advertisement card using image editing software tools.

Procedure:

Photoshop, Basic Image Manipulation

Rotating Images

 If the image needs to be rotated select Image > Image Rotation >> 180°, 90° CW, or 90° CCW.

Cropping Images

 Cropping helps to create a new composition and eliminates the non-photographic area, which is
essential before the next steps.
 Select the Crop Tool on the Toolbar.

 Eight tabs will appear around your image.

 Click and drag the eight tags to create the cropped image that you want.
 If you wish to lock the crop tool as a certain shape, then navigate to the upper left and hit the dropdown
menu where it says ratio. Then simply select the ratio (height x width) you wish to lock the tool at.

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  Click the Crop tool again > Crop OR hit your Enter key.

Value Correct
 Value Correct helps to distribute your light & dark values. It is more precise than
the Brightness/Contrast tool.
 Go to Image > Adjustments >> Levels.
 Adjust the White and Black arrows.

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 o Before/After:
 Adjust the Grey arrow.
 Click OK to commit Levels.

Color Correct
 There are many ways of color correcting but Color Balance is the most straight forward tool to
demonstrate for this tutorial. A working knowledge of color theory is helpful and can be obtained via
the Case Learns series of Digital Images workshops.
 Go to Image > Adjustments > Color Balance.

 Adjust the Cyan – Red balance.

 Adjust the Magenta – Green balance.
 Adjust the Yellow – Blue balance.
 Click OK to commit Color Balance.

Saving your edited image

 If at this point you are happy with your image, you may save it using File > Save As > Save as Type and
select which file type you would like to save as.

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Saving your image

 A file should be saved in the Storage (D: Drive) with your student ID, unless you have your own flash
drive.

File options:

o JPEG: A file type that allows you to adjust the degree of compression, allowing a tradeoff
between file size and image quality. Saving your image as a JPEG quality 12 is virtually
uncompressed. For the web, you might consider reducing resolution and increasing
compression.
o TIFF: A file type that allows you to save using lossless compression making this a good choice
to preserve the original image quality. However, this means files can be very large.
o PDF: A file type that is good for presenting and exchanging images/presentations. Everything
essentially becomes locked in place. If you are looking to edit something in the future, it is
recommended that you not save your only copy as a pdf.

Save for Web

o You can also save your file for web specifically by using File > Export > Save for Web. This
allows you to save graphics as a PNG, JPEG, or GIF at a better file size while still retaining a
decent looking image.

Result:
Thus the advertisement card was successfully designed using image editing software tool.

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Ex.no:2

IMPLEMENTATION OF AUDIO AND VIDEO EDITING TECHNIQUES

Aim:
To implement audio and video editing techniques using the audio and video editing software tools like
audacity, adobe premiere pro etc.,

Procedure:
2(a). AUDIO EDITING
1. IMPORTING AND EDITING A SOUND CLIP

1. Start the program by either clicking on the Audacity shortcut icon on the desktop OR click on the
magnifying glass in the bottom left corner and search for the word “Audacity”
2. Notice that the Selection Tool is selected by default (it appears to be pressed down). This tool is
often called an “I Beam” because it looks like a capital I.

3. Notice a series of round buttons which have controls similar to a CD Player. We will be using the
Play and Stop buttons frequently. Other controls will be mentioned as needed.
From the Menu Bar, select File > Import > Audio. Browse to the lab10 folder you copied to your
memory stick and open the file bart.wav. If a screen pops up, select Make a copy of the files before
editing (safer) and press OK.
4. Save the file as an Audacity Project: from the Menu Bar, select File > Save Project As, and save
the file in your lab10 folder as bart.aup

5. Press the Play button to play the sound file.

6. To play the sound file starting at different spots on the sound wave, select the I-Beam and click
on any spot in the wave, then press the Play button again. Notice how it begins to play starting
from that point on. To return to the beginning, move the I-Beam to the beginning of the track.
7. Replay the sound file again and try out the Audio buttons: Stop, Pause, Skip to Start, and Skip to
End. Notice the Skip to Start and Skip to End buttons only work when you hit the Stop button,
not when you hit the Pause button

8. We are going to remove the door closing sound near the end of the sound clip. Find the "door
closing" sound. Play the sound a few times until you figure out where the door sound is in the wave
pattern. The door sound is indicated by the red outline indicated in the diagram below:

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9. Click on the I Beam tool. Then put (Click) the cursor (the I Beam) at the beginning of the sound,
hold down the left mouse button and select/highlight to the end of the wave representing the door
closing sound. (Should look like image above).
10. From the Menu Bar, select Edit > Delete to delete this section.
11. Now we will amplify (make louder) Bart’s excuse for missing the test, where he says “Ohhhh,
my ovaries!”
a. First, we need to select that portion of the sound clip using the I Beam/Selection Tool. Find
that (“Ohhh, my ovaries”) area of the sound waves and highlight it.
b. From the menu bar, select Effect>Amplify. Use the default amplify setting (4.3 dB) and
press OK. Play the clip again to make sure it is louder.
c. Select/Highlight the same area again (or leave it
highlighted if it is still highlighted) and select
Effect>Amplify and change the value to -15.0 and
press OK. Play the clip and notice that this makes the

d. The bigger (more than 0) the amplification number the

louder the clip, the smaller (less than 0), the clip will
get more quiet.
12. Now you are going to fade out the las half.
a. Using the I Beam tool, select just the sound.

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 b. From the menu, select Effect>Fade Out and hit OK
c. Try playing the full sound clip and make sure the word “ohhhh” faded away but “my
ovaries” was still audible.
d.
2. CONVERTING AN EDITED SOUND CLIP TO UNIVERSAL SOUND FORMATS (.WAV
AND .MP3)

1. Now we are going to convert the newly edited sound clip to a WAV format (a well known format
for audio files):
a. Save your project again just to be on the safe side (as bart.aup)
b. From the menu select File>Export Audio.
c. Make sure the Save as type: is set to WAV and save it as bartnew.wav to your lab10
folder and hit the Save button. You do not need to fill in the window asking for things
like Artist Name, just press the OK button.
2. Now we are going to convert the newly edited sound clip to a MP3 format (another well-known
format for audio files). Normally MP3 files have much better compression (make for smaller
file sizes) than WAV files.
a. From the menu select File>Export Audio
b. Make sure the Save as type: is set to MP3 Files and save it as
bartnew2.mp3
c. Hit the Save button
d. Hit the OK button
e. Audacity does not come with MP3 support by default, and you will see a message asking
to Locate Lame. Click Browse and you should find the file lame_enc.dll in you lab10 folder
on your memory stick.

f. Note: If you plan to install Audacity at home, you must download the lame_enc.dll file.
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 You can download it by clicking the Download button on this screen.
3. Close Audacity, browse to your lab10 folder, notice the size difference in between the .wav
file and the .mp3 file
4. Test to see if your WAV and MP3 files play in Windows Media Player. If Media Player asks to install an
additional codec, click Install.3. OVERLAPPING (MIXING) SOUNDS TOGETHER, CREATING A MULTI
TRACK SOUND.

1. Start up the Audacity program again by clicking on the icon on the desktop
2. From the menu, select File > Import > Audio..., and select the file in the folder lab10 called
beam1.mp3 (human voice)
3. From the menu, select File > Import > Audio..., and select the file
memento.mp3 (song)
4. From the menu, select File>Save Project As and save your project in the lab10 folder as
mixing.aup Your screen should look like this:

5. Press the Play button and listen to the first 20 seconds (both will play simultaneously). The first
clip is 4 seconds long, while the second is over a minute. Note the beam1.mp3 file is in mono with
only one sound wave, while memento.mp3 is in stereo with two (separate sound wave for left and
right speakers).
6. To listen to each track separately, use the "Mute" button to temporarily de- activate one track from
playing. Experiment by setting the "Mute" for the first track and playing, then with the second.
When you're done, make sure "Mute" is off for both tracks.
7. Zooming In/Out on Tracks: Notice that the first track is much shorter than the second track. In
order to work on the first track at a closer level, simply click on the track, and click the Zoom in
(+) or Zoom Out (-) buttons. Zoom until the top track occupies a bit more of the screen

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8. Using the Time Shift Tool: First, zoom out until you can see at least the 30 seconds timeline in the
screen. Click the Time Shift Tool . This tool allows you to change the relative positioning of
tracks relative to one another in time. With the Time Shift Tool selected, you simply click in a track
and drag it to the left or right. Drag the top frame so it starts at the 6 second mark, as shown below.
Once you are done, listen to the first 15 seconds again to see the result.

9. Fading In/Out with the Effects Menu: Now you will modify the beam1 track (top track) so that
awful sound at the end of the track fades out so that it is easier on the ears.
a. First zoom in on the track so that you can work with it easier (zoom so the top track almost
fills the screen):
b. Next, using the I beam (make sure you click on the I Beam), highlight the end of the top
clip. To fade the select from the menu, Effects > Fade Out and watch the highlighted
section taper off. Now play the piece at that point.

10. Next, you will be adding additional tracks. Import the following files in the order listed
below, using File > Import > Audio...

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 a. beam2.wav (stereo)
b. best.mp3 (mono)
c. weeks.wav (stereo)
d. dah_duh_duh.mp3 (mono)
11. To help get all the tracks on the same screen, you can adjust each track window just like in
Windows. First, zoom until you can only see about 30 seconds worth of audio. Then click on the
dark grey area between two tracks and hold down your mouse button, and drag the window up to
make it smaller (cursor should look as indicated below in red circle):

Repeat to make each track window smaller.

12. Use the Time Shift tool to move each track so it is placed as in the picture below. Note you
are moving each of the tracks to the 18 to 27 second range, with each track playing right after
another (no overlaps). The 18 to 27 second range is filled with an area of “silence” in the
background music, which will get filled by these tracks:

13. Play the clip to make sure it works.

14. Exporting the new sound as an MP3 with attributes: Save the project again just to be on the safe
side.
a. From the menu select File>Export Audio… Make sure Save as type: is MP3 Files and
give the File name: mixing and hit the Save button. Then hit OK if prompted with “Your
tracks will be missed down to two-stereo channels in the exported file.”

15. Exit Audacity. Open the mixing.mp3 file in your lab10 folder and preview your track.
16. In Windows Explorer, click on the View Tab and select Details and select Add Columns and make
sure Contributing Artists and Album are selected and make sure they appear, should be similar to
this:

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2(b). VIDEO EDITING
Importing and Basic Editing
To Edit Video

1. Open Adobe Premiere Pro.

2. Click on New Project in the left corner

3. This screen is where you will browse for your footage to import and edit. At the top, create
a name for your project and choose a location. Then, use the tabs on the left to browse
through desktop, folders, etc (wherever the footage is).

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4. Select the clips that you want to use. The selected clips should appear blue after
selection. When you are ready, click create in the bottom right corner
5. After clicking on Create, you will be taken to the Edit Window, where you will edit your
footage. Your footage will be in the Project Area in the lower left corner. If you select a
clip, you can view it in the Source Monitor.

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6. To create a timeline, right click on a clip and select “New Sequence from Clip”. This will
create a sequence in the Timeline with the same settings as the selected clip.

7. In your newly created Sequence in the Timeline, delete the clip there. You can rename
the sequence in the Project Panel. The Screen to the right is the Program Monitor, which
will show you what you have in the Timeline.

8. To bring new clips into the timeline, select a clip from the Project Panel. In the Source
Monitor, click and drag the screen into the Timeline and let go of the mouse. You can
also click and drag on the icons below the Source Monitor to bring in just the video or
just the audio of the footage.

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9. To trim a clip, go to the Toolbar located between the Project Panel and the Timeline and
select the Razor Tool. Move the Play head to where you want to make the cut, then click
on the clip with the Razor Tool. After cutting, click on the Selection Tool and delete the
part you don’t want.

10. By default, the Timeline has 3 Video Tracks and 3 Audio Tracks. Move the clips around
on each of these tracks. Keep this in mind though. For Video Tracks, whatever clip is
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 higher up (on a track higher than the rest), the final video will only play that clip, with
everything else buried underneath it. For Audio Tracks, audio files will mix together
regardless of what’s underneath it.

11. The bar in the lower Right is the Audio Level for your footage. You want to make sure
this does not go to 0.

2. Captions:

1. While most platforms (Facebook, YouTube) can create their own automated captions,
you can create and edit captions right in Premiere Pro and use those instead.
2. On the bar at the top, click on Window/Workspaces/Captions. The Source Monitor
should look like this.

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 3. Click on Create Transcription. This will create a transcript of the entire video. You can
double check and correct any grammar issues here.

4. Once all the changes are complete, click on Create Captions (The CC Button). This will
create a track where all your captions are stored.
5. Click on the 3 dots in the right corner of the Source Monitor and select Export/Export to
SRT File. This will create a file that you can upload to YouTube that contains your
corrected captions. You can click on the eye next to the track in the Timeline to hide the
captions.

3. Green Screen
1. While you can access effects from anywhere, you can use the Effects Workspace to bring
it out in the open more. At the top, select Windows/Workspace/Effects.
2. Click on Video Effects/Keying/Ultra Key and drag this onto the clip in the Timeline.
3. In the Source Monitor, click on Effect Controls. Then go down to Ultra Key.
4. Click on the eyedropper next to Key Color, then select the green background.
5. You can use the settings below Key Color to clean up any leftover green parts in the
background or change the setting from Default to Aggressive.

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 6. Move the Green Screen Clip onto the Middle Track (V2), then place the clip you want to
use as a background below it.
4. Exporting

1. When you are ready to export your video, click on Export in the top Left Corner.
2. Under Source, you should have just Media File selected. The other options will let you
upload the video directly to YouTube, Twitter, etc.
3. Under Settings, make sure the Format says H.264 (This is the default format for videos on
the web, and it will play well on other computers, phones, etc..). You can also change the
Preset as well to either YouTube HD or High Quality.
4. When ready, click Export in the lower right corner

Result:
Thus the audio and video technique was successfully implemented using audio and video editing
software tools.

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Ex.no:3

SKETCHING OF CARTOON CHARACTERS

Aim:
To sketch cartoon characters using pencil and paper.

Sample Procedure:
Step 1

Start by drawing an upright oval shape on the upper portion of your paper. This creates an outline
for your character’s head.

Step 2 – Outline the Head and the Upper Body

Right underneath the head, draw two angled lines facing the opposite directions to create the neck
and the shoulder. Then, bring both lines downward forming the sleeves of the shirt. Afterwards,
draw an open-top square shape in between the sleeves to create the body of the shirt.

Step 3 – Afterwards, Draw the Pair of Trousers

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 Draw two elongated shapes side by side underneath the shirt. This forms the pair of trousers
paired with the shirt that we drew in the previous step. Make sure that the legs of the trousers are
parallel, meaning the shapes should have a similar width and length.

Step 4 – Draw the Shoes Your Character is Wearing

Draw a slightly diagonal U-shaped line right underneath each leg of the trousers. This creates the
pair of shoes.

Step 5 – Draw Your Character’s Left and Right Arm

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Underneath each sleeve, draw two parallel slightly diagonal lines forming an arm. Then, draw
elongated pointed shapes at the bottom of each arm for the fingers.

Step 6 – Next, Draw Your Character’s Hair and Ears

Draw a semicircle on each side of the face forming the ears. Then, draw the hairline and the top of
the head starting on the temple located right above the ear all the way to the temple on the opposite
side

Step 7 – Then, Add Details on Both Ears and Hair

Draw thin line streaks on the surface of the hair to add texture. For the details within the ears,
simply draw a small curved line inside each ear.

Step 8 – Add Texture on Your Character’s Clothing

Draw an upward curved line to outline the collar hem of the shirt your character is wearing.
Then, moving on to the bottom, draw a curved line on each side of the pants to create the
appearance of pockets. Afterwards, draw an elongated rectangular shape on the upper middle of
the pants for the zipper. After finishing this step, the details on your character’s outfit should be
complete.

Step 9 – Draw the Features on Your Character’s Face

Starting from the top to the bottom, draw two curved, pointed shapes right underneath the hairline.
This forms a pair of arched eyebrows. Draw a small upward curve for the nose and a wider one to
put a wide smile on your character’s face.

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Result:
Thus the cartoon characters were successfully drawn using paper and pencil.

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Ex.no:4

DESIGN 2D LOGO USING THE IMAGE EDITING TOOL.

Aim:
To design 2D logo using the image editing tools.
Procedure:
01. Create a new canvas in Photoshop

Open Photoshop and create a new document. Use a canvas size of 500px x 500px, but larger sizes
would work just as well. You can change the canvas size at any point. Go to Edit > Preferences >
Guides, grids to set a gridline every 50px. Then turn the grids on, in the canvas, by pressing cmd
+ ' (ctrl + ' in Windows) or View > Show > Grid in the Options bar. Make sure Snap to Grid is
ticked on under View > Snap to.

02. Draw a basic shape

Select the Pen tool in the toolbar, or by pressing P, and make sure it’s set to Shape rather than Path
in the box at the left of the Options bar. Use the pen to draw an arrowhead shape, starting at the
centre-point of the canvas and using grid-line intersections for your other points

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03. Duplicate and edit the shape

Duplicate the layer, by pressing cmd + J (ctrl + J) and click on the new layer to select it. Use the
Direct Selection tool, shortcut A, to click on the top-most point of the arrowhead, located at the
centre of the canvas. Move this point down a few grid squares, holding the Shift key to keep it
locked on the y-axis.
04. Add colour with a gradient

Create a new gradient in the Fill drop-down menu, to the left of the Options bar. In the gradient
window, double click on the bottom sliders to bring up RGB options, where you can choose your
colors.
05. Group and duplicate your layers

Group the two layers by selecting them and pressing the group button, which looks like a little
folder, located at the bottom of the Layers Tab. Duplicate this group and then use the Free
Transform function to rotate the new group ninety-degrees, holding down the Shift key to rotate
in fifteen-degree increments. You can access Free Transform using cmd + T or under Edit > Free
Transform. Now move the second group up, until it reflects the original shape, using the center of
the canvas as a line of symmetry. Repeat to create the shape shown above.

06. Transform the shapes

Nudge each shape up or down one grid square, away from the center point, using Shift + cursor
key.

07. Group, duplicate, repeat

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Using the same method from step #5 to group the layers together, duplicate the group and rotate
by 45-degrees. The new shape should resemble a sort of crosshair shape.

08. Draw a circle with the shape tool

Cycle through Shape tools until you find a circle, either by clicking-and-holding on the icon in the
toolbar or pressing Shift + U. Click on the center point of the canvas, holding Alt to draw a circle
radiating from the center, and Shift to keep the width and height proportional. If you make a
mistake, you can undo or re-edit your shape using Free Transform.

09. Draw a rectangle and align to the Centre

Cycle through the shape tools again, until you find the rectangle tool. Draw a white box across the
graphic, above the other layers, making enough space for text. You can align this to the Centre of
the canvas by clicking on the rectangle layer and the bottom layer and using align tools, either
found under Layers > Align in the Menu Bar or the align buttons in the options bar. More advanced
users could use this rectangle to subtract from the shapes below, using Layer > Combine shapes,
but for now we will just stick to using it as a white block.

10. Add your text

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Next up in our simple method of how to make a logo in Photoshop, we'll add some text. Draw a
text box over the rectangle, by clicking on the T icon in the toolbar or pressing T, then dragging
across the canvas. Type your text into the box and center it, using the buttons in the Character tab.

11. Choose an appropriate typeface

Choose a typeface that suits your brand.

12. Adjust your kerning

Kern the text. This means adjusting the horizontal spacing between individual letters, maximising
the word’s readability. You can do this under the Type tab, marked with V | A, or by clicking
between the letters and pressing alt + left or alt + right. For more on kerning, see our post on how
to kern type.

13. Add final details and export

Save the image out in whatever format you require, for example RGB jpg for web format. You
can save it as a psd file so that you can return to it and make changes in the future.

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Result
Thus the 2D-logo was successfully designed using image editing tool,

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Ex.no:5

CREATING GIF ANIMATED IMAGES IN 2D ANIMATION

Aim:
To create a GIF animated image in 2D animation using any 3D animation creation software tool.
Procedure:

1. Select which photos you want to use for your GIF

A total of 15-24 still images usually work best. Make sure the image size for each of your frames
is the same, so double check the pixel count. Put all of the frames you want to use in a folder on
your desktop or a hard drive.

2. Import your photos into Adobe Photoshop

Open Adobe Photoshop. From the File menu, select Scripts > Load Files into Stack. This will open
a new dialogue box. Click Browse to find the folder you created on your desktop or hard drive that
contains the images you want to include in your GIF.Press the Shift key to select multiple images.
Once all the image files you want to use are highlighted, click OK. Next you’ll see all the files you

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selected, listed in the Load Layers dialog box. Click OK, and Photoshop will then open the selected
images as individual layers in a new document.

3. Access the Timeline panel

From the Window menu, select Timeline to open the Timeline panel in your workspace. By
default, the Timeline panel will open at the bottom of your screen. In the center of the Timeline
panel, you’ll see a button that says Create Video Timeline, with an arrow next to it. Click the
arrow, and select Create Frame Animation from the drop-down menu. Now the button will say
Create Frame Animation. Click that button.

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4. Convert your image layers into animation frames

In the top right corner of the Timeline panel, you’ll see a menu icon (four horizontal lines). Click
that menu icon to bring up a drop-down menu with animation options. Click Make Frames from
Layers. This will convert the images in the Layers panel into individual frames in your GIF. Now
you should see a thumbnail of each of your image layers in the Timeline panel. Click the Play
button to preview how your GIF animation will look.

5. Loop your animation

In the bottom left of the Timeline panel, you’ll see a few choices for looping options. Adobe

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Photoshop lets you decide if you want your GIF to play through once, three times, or forever. You
can select other looping options manually by selecting other. Forever is often selected by default.
If one of the other options is selected, click the arrow next to the listed duration. Then select forever
from the drop-down menu. Click the Play icon one more time to make sure you like how the
animated GIF looks.

6. Export your animation as a GIF file

From the File menu, select Export > Save for Web (Legacy). This will bring up a new settings
dialogue box. Here are the ideal settings to choose when saving your work in the GIF file format:

● Under Preset, select GIF 128 Dithered.

● In Colors, select 256.
● Under Image Size, you can adjust the physical dimensions of your GIF. If your original image
files were very large, you should reduce the dimensions of your GIF for better online viewing.
As you adjust the dimensions, you’ll see the estimated file size change in the bottom left corner
of the GIF preview.
● Under Looping Options, make sure Forever is still selected.
Click Preview in the bottom left corner of the dialogue box to see how your GIF will look in a web
browser window. Click Save, which will open a new save options dialog box. Name your file,
choose a destination, and click Save.

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Result
Thus the 2D GIF image was successfully created using 3D animation creation software tool.

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Ex.no:6

EXPLORING THE INTERFACE OF 3D APPLICATION & PRIMITIVE MODELLING

Aim:
To design a 3D model to explore 3D application and primitive modelling.

Procedure:
Blender Interface:
● Viewport: This is where you'll view and interact with your 3D scene. You can navigate the
3D space using the middle mouse button to rotate, Shift+middle mouse button to pan, and
scroll wheel to zoom.

● Tool Shelf (T): On the left side of the screen, you'll find the Tool Shelf, which provides
access to various modeling tools and settings.

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● Properties Panel (N): On the right side of the screen, you'll find the Properties Panel,
which contains options for objects, materials, and more.

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 ● Timeline (if enabled): At the bottom, you'll see the timeline for animations if you're
working on an animated project\

Outliner: In the top-right corner, you'll find the Outliner, which displays a list of objects
in your scene.

● Info Bar: At the very top, you'll find the Info Bar, which shows important information,
menus, and shortcuts.

Primitive Modelling:

Creating Primitives:

⮚ Press Shift + A to open the "Add" menu.

⮚ Select the primitive shape you want to create (e.g., Cube, Sphere).

Selecting Objects:

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 Right-click on an object in the viewport to select it.

● Transforming Objects:
⮚ Press G to grab (move) an object.
⮚ Press R to rotate an object.
⮚ Press S to scale an object.

● Editing Primitives:
⮚ To enter Edit Mode for an object, select it and press Tab. In Edit Mode, you can manipulate
the vertices, edges, and faces of the object.
⮚ Use the Vertex Select, Edge Select, or Face Select buttons in the 3D View header to
choose which elements you want to manipulate.

● Adding and Deleting Vertices, Edges, and Faces:

⮚ In Edit Mode, you can add vertices by selecting a vertex and pressing Ctrl + R (for
loops) or Ctrl + LMB (for single vertices).
⮚ To delete, select elements and press X or Delete.

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● Extruding and Inset:
⮚ In Edit Mode, select faces and press E to extrude them (create new geometry).
⮚ Use I for inset (create an offset from selected faces).

● Modifiers:
⮚ You can apply modifiers to objects to perform various operations like mirror,
subdivision, and more

● Materials and Textures:

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 ⮚ You can assign materials and textures to your objects in the Materials tab of the
Properties Panel.

Result
Thus the 3D applications and primitive modelling was successfully applied and the 3D model was
created

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Ex.no:7

CREATE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATERIALS AND SHADING

Aim:
To create a 3D model by applying different types of material and shading.

Procedure:
● Diffuse Material:
⮚ Select the object you want to apply the material to.
⮚ In the "Materials" tab of the Properties Panel, click "New" to create a new
material.
⮚ Under the "Surface" section, ensure the "Principled BSDF" shader is selected.
⮚ Adjust the "Base Color" to set the material's colour. A diffuse material typically
has a single solid colour.

● Glossy Material:
⮚ Select the object.
⮚ Create a new material.
⮚ Under the "Surface" section, use the "Principled BSDF" shader.
⮚ Increase the "Specular" value to control the glossiness of the material. Higher values make
it more reflective.

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 ● Transparent Material:
⮚ Select the object.
⮚ Create a new material.
⮚ Under the "Surface" section, use the "Principled BSDF" shader.
⮚ Decrease the "Alpha" value to make the material more transparent.

● Emission Material:
⮚ Select the object.
⮚ Create a new material.
⮚ Under the "Surface" section, use the "Emission" shader.
⮚ Adjust the "Strength" value to control the intensity of the emitted light.

Result:
Thus the 3D model was successfully created by applying different types of material and shading.

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Ex.no:8

CREATE A SIMPLE WALK CYCLE USING THE CHARACTER RIGS

Aim:
To create a simple walk cycle using the 3D animation software tool.

Procedure:

● Set Up Your Scene:

⮚ Open Blender and create a new project.
⮚ Import or create your character model with a rig (an armature with bones).

● Pose Your Character:

⮚ In the 3D Viewport, select your character.
⮚ Go to the "Pose Mode" by selecting the armature and switching from "Object Mode" to
"Pose Mode" in the Mode dropdown menu at the top of the 3D Viewport.

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● Start the Walk Cycle:
⮚ Assume a starting pose for your character (usually with one leg extended forward).
⮚ Create a keyframe for the starting pose by pressing I with the bones selected and
choosing "Location," "Rotation," or "Scale" depending on your rig's setup.

● Animate the Stride:

⮚ Move the character forward by translating the entire rig (not individual bones) along the
desired path.
⮚ Create a keyframe for the forward position.
⮚ Adjust the leg bones to match the new position of the feet.
⮚ Create keyframes for the leg bones (location and rotation).

● Complete a Step:

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⮚ Move forward and adjust the leg bones until the other foot is planted firmly on the ground.
⮚ Create keyframes for the leg bones (location and rotation).

● Repeat Steps 4 and 5:

⮚ Continue moving forward and adjusting the leg bones, creating keyframes for each step,
until you've completed a full cycle.

● Adjust Timing:
⮚ In the Dope Sheet or Timeline Editor, adjust the timing of your keyframes to make the
walk cycle smoother. You can use the "T" key to change interpolation types (e.g., Bezier).

● Set Up the Loop:

⮚ To make the walk cycle loop seamlessly, copy the keyframes from the end of the cycle to
the beginning.
⮚ Ensure that the last keyframe matches the first keyframe.

● Polish the Animation:

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 ⮚ Fine-tune the animation by adjusting the curves in the Graph Editor. This can help achieve
smoother motion and realistic weight shifting.

● Playback:
⮚ Switch back to "Object Mode" in the 3D Viewport.
⮚ Press the "Play" button in the Timeline or use Alt + A to see your character perform the
walk cycle.

Result:
Thus the simple walk cycle using the 3D animation software tool was successfully created.

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Ex.no:9

CREATE A 3-POINT LIGHT SETUP

Aim:
To create a 3-Point light setup using 3D animation software tool.

Procedure:

● Key Light:
⮚ In Blender, make sure you are in "Layout" or "Modeling" workspace for this setup.
⮚ In the 3D Viewport, press Shift + A to open the "Add" menu.
⮚ Go to "Light" and select "Point" or "Area" light, depending on your preference.
⮚ Position the light source by moving it to an angle relative to your object, typically from
one side.
⮚ Adjust the light's power (intensity) by going to the "Light" tab in the Properties Panel and
changing the "Power" value under the "Power" section.

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 ● Fill Light:
⮚ Create a second light source following the same steps as the key light.
⮚ Position the fill light on the opposite side of the key light, but keep it closer to the camera
and your subject.
⮚ Reduce the intensity of the fill light compared to the key light to achieve a softer, less
intense fill.

● Rim Light:
⮚ Create a third light source, again following the same steps.
⮚ Position the rim light behind your subject, aiming it towards the edges of the object.
⮚ Increase the intensity of the rim light to make it brighter than the key and fill lights.

Result:
Thus the 3-Point light setup using 3D animation software tool was successfully designed.

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Ex.no:10

CREATE PARTICLE SIMULATION & RENDERING

Aim:
To create a rendering image of a 3D model using 3D animation software tool.

Procedure:

● Set Up Your Scene:

⮚ Open Blender and create a new project.
⮚ Ensure you have a 3D scene with appropriate objects (e.g., ground) to interact with the
particles.

● Configure Render Settings:

⮚ Go to the "Render Properties" tab in the Properties Panel on the right-hand side.
⮚ Set the desired render engine. Cycles is recommended for realistic rendering, while Eevee
is faster and more suitable for real-time previews.
⮚ Adjust the following settings:

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 ✔ Resolution: Set the resolution for your render (e.g., 1920x1080 for Full HD).
✔ Frame Range: Define the frame range if you're rendering an animation.
✔ Sampling: Set the number of samples for rendering (higher values result in
smoother images but longer render times).
✔ Performance: Choose CPU or GPU rendering, depending on your hardware.
✔ File Output: Specify the output folder and format for your render (e.g., PNG or
JPEG).
✔ Output: Choose "RGB" for a color image.
✔ Color Management: Adjust color management settings if need

● Camera Settings:
⮚ Select your camera.
⮚ Adjust camera settings such as focal length, depth of field, and aperture if needed to control
the camera's behavior during rendering.

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● Check Your Scene:
⮚ Review your scene and make any necessary adjustments to camera angles, lighting,
materials, and textures.

● Render Your Image:

⮚ In the "Render" menu at the top of the Blender window, click "Render Image" or press F12
to start rendering your image.
⮚ Blender will start processing the image based on your render settings.

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 ● Save Your Render:
 After rendering is complete, go to the "Image" menu and choose "Save As Image" to save
your rendered image to your desired location.

Result:
Thus the rendering image from 3D model was successfully created using 3D animation software
tool.
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