Science Review Q2 test

1. Rep. System
Types of reproduction

Asexual- Single parent 100%

Examples of Asexual:
-budding- (Develops and after a while, comes off)

-Vegetative Propagation- (Plants are cloned from their stem/roots but still has the same
traits)

-Fission or Binary fission- ( Divides into two other or equal indivis.)

-Fragmentation- (Where parts are split and grows into one again eventually)

-Regeneration- (The ability to regain its part again when splitted)

-Parthenogenesis- (Where ovule develops new organism without sperm fertilization)

Sexual- 2 Parents needed 50/50%

Types of Gametes(Gamete is a reproductive cell)

Sperm cell (Spermatozoa)
Egg cell (Ova/ovum)

Parts of a male and female

Refer to this link: Male and Female parts

or
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EhN4QtjZbuaSiDgrdGjvFqaCgEMZEZdrQIPcQ8Ns_-s/edi
t?usp=sharing

2. Nervous System
Parts of a Nervous system
Brain
Spinal Chord
Nerves

Types of Neurons
Motor/Muscle Neurons
Relay Neurons
Sensory Neurons
 3. Endocrine sys.
Hypothalamus- Regulates body temp
● Hormone- Releasing factors, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic, Hormone (ADH)
Pituitary- Adrenal and Thyroid gland release specific hormones. Regulates Growth. Stimulates
milk product. In the mammary glands
● Hormone- Adrenocorticotropic, Hormone (ACTH), Thyroid stimulating, Hormone (TSH),
Growth hormone, Prolactin
Adrenal- Triggers fight or flight response
● Hormone- Adrenaline, epinephrine, Aldosterone
Thyroid- Regulates rate of metabolism
● Hormone- Thyroxine, Calcitonin
Parathyroid- Regulates minerals in the body-calcium and phosphorus in bloodstream
● Hormone- Parathyroid, Hormone
Pancreas- Insulin controls the level of sugar in blood, Glucogen stimulates the liver to convert
glycogen to glucose.
● Hormones- Insulin, Glucogen
Thymus- Plays an important ROLE in developing some of the body’s defense against infection.
Plays an important role on developing reproduction
● Hormones- Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone

4. Chromosomes(Formation of Chromosomes)
Somatic cell- Vegetative Cells, Refers to body cell
Ex: skin, nerve, intestinal, root, leaf
Note: Relies on maintaining life process of animals and plants

Reproductive Cell- (Self explained)

Ova
Spermatozoa

DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Note: eukaryotic cell contains DNA which carries genes of organism

Histones- Are proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotes

Chromatin- Occurs when DNA is completely looped around the histones.

Chromatid- Chromatin will loop around the histones until chromatid is formed
Chromatid is also known as part of a single strand of chromosome
Kinetochore- Protein structure on chromatids.
Centromere- located in the middle part of chromosome

Diploid- Double chromosomes found in somatic cells

Haploid- Half chromosomes found in somatic cells
There are 46 Chromosomes on each somatic cell of the human body
 Meaning there are 23 pairs of diploid on each strand of chromosomes
Pair of diploid chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes

P arm- short
Q arm- long

Locus(Loci)- Specific location or position of a gene

Alleles- Specific location or position of a gene

X Chromosomes- There are 1000 genes

Y Chromosomes- There are 78 genes

5. Evolution