Traffic Counting Paper

Alangilan Campus
Road Demography and Traffic Counting
In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject
Highway and Railroad Engineering
Submitted By:
Cortez, Jetro
Malabanan, Aira Chriselle
Medrana, Cathlyn
Miranda, Rachelle Ann D.
Patal, Mariella Bianca
Pizarra, John Joshua R.
Rosita, Debbie Kate Q.
Sandro, Hazel C.
Toledo, Andrei D.
Submitted To:
Engr. Harold Loyd M. Ilustrisimo
Date Submitted:
December 11, 2023
Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

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Alangilan, GCH Subd., Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines
www.batstate-u.edu.ph studentorganization.alangilan@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
Alangilan Campus
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Abstract……………………………………………...………………………….….1
II. Introduction………………...…………………………………………...…………1
a. Objectives……….………………………………………………………………2
b. Significance……………………………………………….…………………….2
III. Results And Discussion……………………………………………………………3
a. National Road…………………………………………………………………..3
b. Municipal Road….……………………………………………………………..6
c. Barangay Road……………………….……………..…………………………10
d. Intersection…………………………………...………………………………..13
IV. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………23
V. Recommendations……………………...……………………………………….…27
VI. References…………………...……………………………………………………..27
VII. Appendices……………………………...………………………………………….29
a. Documentation…………….…………………………………………………….29
b. Raw Data………………………………………………………………………...31

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ABSTRACT
This research delves into the demographic composition and traffic behavior perceived on
major roads in Tanauan City, such as General Luna Road, JP Laurel Highway, and Mabini Avenue. It
also includes comprehensive investigations performed at the immersed Tanauan City Crossing.
Through the use of comprehensive traffic counting techniques, this study aims to investigate in detail
the dynamics of traffic flow, and demographic trends in these areas. By utilizing meticulous
techniques for gathering data and conducting statistical analyses, the research clarifies the intricate
connections between Tanauan City's urban infrastructure, population deviations, and transportation
system flux. The conclusions inferred offer transportation authorities, policymakers, and urban
planners valuable guidance that will help them enhance their approaches to urban planning,
infrastructure development, and traffic management.
INTRODUCTION
Tanauan City offers a thriving urban environment with a variety of locales and dynamic
streets. At the heart of this dynamic environment lie the intersecting arteries of Tanauan City
Crossing, where Pres. JP Laurel Highway, S. Artesian St., and J. Gonzales St. meets, stands as a
pivotal hub, encapsulating the convergence of commerce, transportation, and community interactions.
The immersed city also contains these roads that serve as vital arteries within the urban
landscape. General Luna Road, a significant thoroughfare known for its connectivity within the city. It
might feature a mix of commercial establishments, residential areas, and possibly educational or
government institutions along its stretch. Depending on the specific area, it could vary from bustling
segments with shops and markets to quieter residential zones. JP Laurel Highway, a major national
road that traverses Tanauan City, often connecting it to neighboring cities or provinces. It typically
hosts a higher volume of traffic, including both local commuters and travelers passing through the
city. Along this highway, you might find a mix of businesses, industries, and possibly more highway-
oriented establishments such as gas stations or larger commercial outlets. Mabini Avenue could be
characterized by its role in connecting various parts of the city. It may vary in terms of development
and function, featuring segments with residential areas, smaller local businesses, schools, or
community services. Depending on the specific stretch, it might also serve as a key route for local
transportation, pedestrians, and cyclists.
In addition, this study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between traffic dynamics
and the demographic composition that is central to Tanauan City's urban existence, through a
thorough and detailed investigation. The main goal is to understand the complex interactions and
mutual reliance between the road demographics, traffic patterns, road activity, and the underlying
urban infrastructure that defines and maintains the city's vibrancy. The study focuses on Tanauan City
Crossing, a busy area, and the important thoroughfares that were previously mentioned.

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Modern urban planning requires an understanding of the interactions between transportation

infrastructure and population dynamics. Given Tanauan City's explosive growth and changing
mobility requirements, effective and sustainable city management requires a sophisticated grasp of
traffic patterns, demographic changes, and how these relate to urban development.
The methodology used in this study is based on careful considerations; it includes a wide
range of data collection methods, such as detailed traffic counts, in-depth analyses, and extensive
demographic overt surveys. These instruments are expertly used to create a comprehensive picture of
Tanauan City's urban structure. Finding correlations, trends, and possible patterns that underpin the
smooth flow of people and cars along these vital corridors is the main objective. With the use of
advanced modeling techniques and strong statistical analyses, the study aims to shed light on the
complex interrelationships among Tanauan City's urban infrastructure, changing population, and
shifting transportation systems.
OBJECTIVES
To assure the direction of the task, these primary objectives stand as the cornerstone of this
administrative endeavor, aiming to shed light on the intricate layers of Tanauan City's urban
environment, providing crucial insights for refined urban planning and transportation management
strategies. The subsequent specific objectives serve as the focal points outlining the observers' aims in
fulfilling this task, highlighting the defined goals within the task:
1.To investigate into the traffic convergence, congestions, vehicular activities, and the
efficacy of the infrastructure at Tanauan City Crossing (Pres. JP Laurel Highway, S. Artesian St., and
J. Gonzales St.), as well as the operational dynamics and functionality of the area taking into account
peak hours, non-peak hours, traffic density, type of vehicles and levels of congestion, using reliable
quantitative methods.
2. To evaluate the state and condition of General Luna Road, President J.P. Laurel Highway,
and Mabini Avenue, with an emphasis on a number of variables, including pavement quality, surface
distresses (potholes, cracks), vertical curves, horizontal curves, width and other road demography.
3. To categorize the usage of diverse road types according to their demographics.
SIGNIFICANCE
The purposes that this study has set out to accomplish are of great importance in deciphering
Tanauan City's complex urban dynamics. Examining the operation of Tanauan City Crossing should
provide valuable insight into how best to utilize this crucial area by comprehending traffic
convergence, dynamics of congestion, and the effectiveness of the infrastructure, ultimately
improving the safety and efficiency of city transportation as a whole. The evaluation of key roads like
General Luna Road, President J.P. Laurel Highway, and Mabini Avenue is essential, as it informs

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targeted interventions and maintenance strategies, ensuring improved road conditions crucial for
commuter safety and convenience. Furthermore, classifying road usage according to demographic
profiles presents an innovative perspective that allows transportation and infrastructure to be
customized to better accommodate various user groups, promoting efficiency and inclusivity in
Tanauan City's road network. With these goals in mind, this research has the potential to transform
transportation systems, improve urban planning choices, and make Tanauan City's urban environment
easier to navigate and accessible.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. NATIONAL ROAD
National roads are essential transportation routes connecting major cities, towns, and rural
areas, contributing to economic development, trade, and overall mobility and accessibility. According
to the Department of Public Works and Highways under the Philippine Highway Act of 1953
(Republic Act No. 917) and the series of memoranda issued by the department between 2009 and
2014, it can be classified into three types: the national primary road, which connects major cities and
the national road system; the national secondary road, which connects cities to the national primary
roads; and the national tertiary road, which performs local functions under DPWH.
As part of the road classification, Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway is the group’s chosen national
road around the municipality of Tanauan. It starts at Walter Mart Tanauan and ends at Tanauan Water
District. Shown in Figure 1 below is the selected national road with a total length of 1.8 km.
Figure 1. Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway - National Road

Road Components Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway

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Road Classification National Road

Based on Material Asphalt Road
Based on Topography Plain Area Road
Type of Pavement Flexible Road
Road Failures None
Vertical Curves 0
Horizontal Curves 0
Carriageway Four-lane
Length of Pavement 1.8 km
Table 1. Road Components OF Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway
Table 1 shows the road components of Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway in the municipality of
Tanauan. Upon surveying the national road, it was observed that the materials used in the road
construction are asphalt concrete, which is a mixture of aggregates, binder, and filler. In comparison
to concrete, asphalt is recyclable, quieter to drive on, and offers better traction. Its heat-absorbing
blackness helps melt snow and ice, allowing rainwater to evaporate quickly, offering safety and
economic advantages (Petruzzello, n.d.). It can also accommodate the stresses and strains imposed by
traffic loads and environmental conditions, which is why it is considered flexible road pavement. This
type of pavement is susceptible to cracking, structural failure, and environmental hazards. In addition,
based on the topography of the road, it is classified as a plain area road since it is constructed on a
level surface. It is laid on plain areas with very few steep slopes, bends, and ups and downs.
Moreover, it has four-lane carriageways with 1.8 km of pavement that accommodate passengers and
numerous types of vehicles that go in and out of the municipality. It fulfills a crucial role in the road
infrastructure by facilitating multiple modes of transportation and ensuring safe and effective
vehicular movement. Lastly, there is no recorded road failure at President Jose P. Laurel Highway in
the municipality of Tanauan that can lead to road deterioration and pose a risk to public safety.
All of these components stated above contribute to the overall mobility, accessibility, safety,
and organization of the road system. That is why regular inspections, proper design, and developing a
comprehensive maintenance and rehabilitation program are significant to guarantee the safety and
functionality of roads while maximizing their lifespan.
B. MUNICIPAL ROAD
A municipal road, under the jurisdiction of the local government, functions as a vital conduit
connecting diverse areas within a city or town. These roads, meticulously maintained by the
municipal or local authority, facilitate the flow of local traffic, linking residential, business, and
industrial districts. Varied in size and purpose, municipal roads encompass everything from narrow
local streets to broader thoroughfares.

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Located in the center of Tanauan City, Batangas, Mabini Avenue is an important municipal
route that symbolizes community and connectedness in this vibrant urban environment. Mabini
Avenue, a busy thoroughfare, is a symbolic thread that runs through the city's diverse fiber in addition
to acting as a route for cars and pedestrians. This route, which is lined with a variety of businesses,
residential neighborhoods, and public areas, represents Tanauan City's dynamic lifestyle and thriving
economy
Selected by the group as the definitive municipal road for the municipality of Tanauan,
Mabini Avenue transcends its functional attributes. It stands as an integral element of Tanauan City's
municipal infrastructure, encapsulating more than a mere transit route. Mabini Avenue embodies the
spirit of progress, the city's distinctive identity, and the interconnected narratives of its residents. This
bustling thoroughfare, with its lively intersections and diverse landmarks, serves as a testament to
Tanauan City's evolution, growth, and the vibrant tapestry of life unfolding along its length which is
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Mabini Avenue - Municipal Road

Road Components Mabini Avenue
Road Classification Municipal Road
Based on Material Asphalt Road
Type of Pavement Flexible Road
Road Failures Surface defects, patches, rutting and potholes
Vertical Curves 1
Horizontal Curves 2
Carriageway Two -lane

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Table 2. Road Components of Mabini Avenue
Table 2 displays the diverse elements identified during the assessment of road demographics.
The analysis of Mabini Avenue as a municipal road reveals several key components that contribute to
its classification and overall condition. The road, identified as a flexible road, is characterized by
asphalt pavements. This type of pavement includes a foundation comprising subgrade and subbase
layers, and a surfacing layer consisting of the road base, base course, and wearing course. Despite
providing a smooth and comfortable ride while traversing, the road exhibits visible failures on the
asphalt surface.
During the examination, surface defects and potholes were identified in specific areas,
indicating the presence of weaknesses in the pavement. Additionally, rutting, uneven surfaces, and
worn-out tracks resembling depressions, channels, and patches were observed. These failures may
impact the road's integrity and necessitate maintenance measures. Mabini Avenue, with a length of
2.26 kilometers, serves as a vital transportation route accommodating various types of vehicles.
Positioned as the focal point of Tanauan municipality, the road extends from the vertical slope of the
Sambat Flyover to the front of the St. John The Evangelist Parish Church. Notably, the road
incorporates a vertical curve and two horizontal curves, strategically designed to ensure a smooth
transition for drivers, especially in areas where the grade or slope changes.
Lastly, the carriageway of Mabini Avenue comprises two lanes, fitting the characteristics of a
plain area road. This configuration caters to the diverse traffic needs of the municipality, contributing
to efficient and organized vehicular movement. Overall, the analysis provides a comprehensive
understanding of Mabini Avenue's road components, highlighting both its positive aspects, such as a
smooth ride and strategic curves, and areas requiring attention, such as surface defects and potholes.
C. BARANGAY ROAD
A barangay road is a type of road that is found within or around a barangay. Barangay roads
are local roads that connect different areas within a barangay or link barangays to each other. They are
important as they provide ways of transportation within a community that provides access to homes,
markets, farms, and community and government facilities found inside a barangay.
These roads vary in size depending on the purpose, specific needs, budget allocated, and
development of the barangay. Barangay roads are crucial for the daily activities of residents, such as
commuting and transporting goods and services within a barangay. Government officials in barangay
level are usually responsible for the maintenance, repair, and improvement of barangay roads.

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Figure 3. General Luna Road - Barangay Road
Road Components General Luna Road

Road Classification Barangay Road
Based on Material Concrete Road
Type of Pavement Rigid Road
Road Failures Cracks and Surface Defects
Vertical Curves 2
Horizontal Curves 2
Carriageway Two-lane
Table 3. Road Components of General Luna Road
The barangay road that has been observed is the General Luna Road of Tanauan City,
Batangas. The road is located in Barangay Sala at 14° 6'' N and 121° 7' E with an estimated
population of 2540 that represents 1.31% of the total population of Tanauan, Batangas (PhilAtlas,
n.d.).
The General Luna road is made out of concrete which makes it significantly durable and cost-
effective while needing low maintenance (The Constructor, 2023). It is composed of two lanes with
1.655 km length and upon the road demographic activity, two vertical and horizontal curves were
observed. Moreover, a series of road failures, namely, fatigue cracking, transverse cracking,
longitudinal cracking and shoving were noticed. One of the causes of fatigue cracks is inadequate
pavement thickness, high stresses placed on the pavement surface by large vehicles, or a combination
of the two and performing a full-depth patch is the only way to repair this cracking. Reflective
fissures from an underlying layer, daily temperature changes, and poor construction as a result of the
paver's inappropriate utilization can all lead to longitudinal and transverse cracks. Another possible
source of the fractures could be trucks passing over the joint; this can lead to tension and eventually
break the joint. More severe cracks should be repaired by removing the cracked pavement layer and
replacing it with an overlay. The distortion perpendicular to the direction of traffic is called shoving.

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It usually occurs at intersections where traffic stops and begins. Removing the distorted pavement and
patching it is one method of repairing shoved pavements. Although most parts of the road are in great
condition, maintenance and repair is still advisable to the damaged parts to avoid accidents and further
damage.
D. INTERSECTION
The intersection where the study was conducted is situated in the City of Tanauan. The
intersection can be found where the Tanauan Water District and Tanauan North Central School are
located. Besides, it is 2.1 km away from SM City Sto.Tomas. It is compromised by three roads that
cross each other, namely, Jose P. Laurel Highway which intersects with J. Gonzales Street and South
Artesian St. More so, this is an unsignalized four-legged intersection, where conflicts and other road
issues may arise such as road accidents.
By observation, there is the presence of a TMD officer which helps to control the flow of
vehicles entering and leaving the intersection. Also, police officers are present on the site to check
every motorcycle driver if they follow the safety protocol implemented by the law. Pedestrian lanes
and footbridges were also present and provided where pedestrians can cross the area with ease and
safety. In addition, the three roads that cross each other are all concrete roads and because they are all
constructed on level surfaces. They are all considered a plain area road.
Figure 4. Flow of Vehicles at J.P. Laurel Highway-J. Gonzales St.-S Artesian St.

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Figure 5. Diverging, Merging and Crossing Points at J.P. Laurel Highway-J. Gonzales St.-S Artesian St.
In terms of traffic counting, the above figure shows the flow of traffic present in the
intersection. Wherein, the number of vehicles passing through and crossing are counted per station to
determine the volume of traffic. For Lane 1, Station 1 is the route from L1 to L2, Station 2 is from L1
to L3, and Station 3 is from L1 to L4. For Lane 2, Station 4 is from L2 to L3, Station 5 is from L2 to
L4, and Station 6 is from L2 to L1. For Lane 3, Station 7 is from L3 to L4, Station 8 is from L3 to L1,
and Station 9 is from L3 to L2. Lastly for Lane 4, Station 10 is from L4 to L3, Station 11 is from L4
to L2, and Station 12 is from L4 to L1.
For research purposes, rather than a 24-hour duration of traffic counting, it was conducted
only by 4-hour duration instead where, 1-hour peak hour and 1-hour non-peak hour in the morning,
same goes in the afternoon, 1-hour peak hour and 1-hour non-peak hour. This is to determine the
difference in the volume of traffic per lane during peak hours and non-peak hours both in the morning
and afternoon. In this study, it was selected that 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. will be the peak hours rather
than 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m., because the traffic counting date coincides on Sunday. Establishments
like malls which are present near the area of the intersection usually open at around 9:00-10:00 a.m.,
thus, a major amount of vehicles are expected to pass through and cross the intersection during that
time. Subsequently, the categorized data recorded per lane depending on their types and classification
are also included here in this study.
The Figure 5 above represents the flow of vehicles within the intersection and depicts the
possible conflict points. For a four legged intersection (crossing), there are a total of eight merging
points where vehicles move into the same lane from a different route. There are also a total of eight
diverging points where vehicles from the same lane separates into two directions. Lastly, there are a
total of sixteen crossing points where vehicles from two different routes pass each other.

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Figure 6. Number of vehicles Crossing the Intersection from 7:00 am to 8:00 am (morning non-peak hour)
Graph 1. Categorized Number of Vehicles crossing the J.P. Laurel Highway-J. Gonzales St.-
S Artesian St. from 7:00 am to 8:00 am (morning non-peak hour)
The above figure shows the volume of vehicles that passed through the intersection from 7:00
a.m. to 8:00 a.m. (for non-peak hours). Starting from the Jose P. Laurel Highway Road to Sto. Tomas,
namely, Station 1 to Station 3, the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection are 167,
720, and 65 vehicles respectively. Meanwhile, for S Artesian St, specifically, Station 4 to Station 6,
the volume of vehicles that passed through the intersection is 36, 104, and 202 vehicles
correspondingly. For Jose P. Laurel Highway Road to Tanauan City Proper, Station 7 to 9, the volume

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of vehicles that passed through the intersection is 114, 960, and 34. Finally, for J. Gonzales St.,
particularly, Station 10 to Station 12, the volume of vehicles passing through the intersection is 111,
96, and 99 vehicles. Overall, there were a total of 2730 vehicles that passed through the intersection
from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m.
The graph presented above, shows the categorized data per type of vehicles that crossed the
intersection. The motorcycle got the highest volume of the number of vehicles traveling in the
intersection, on the other hand, the truck with three or more axles got the least number of vehicles
with 1122 and 18 vehicles respectively.
Figure 7. Number of vehicles Crossing the Intersection from 9:00 am to 10:00 am (morning peak hour)
S Artesian St. from 9:00 am to 10:00 am (morning peak hour)

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In keeping with the figure above, it is the number of vehicles traveling through the
intersection for peak hours (9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.). Beginning from the Jose P. Laurel Highway
Road to Sto. Tomas, namely, Station 1 to Station 3, the number of vehicles that passed through the
intersection are 226, 995, and 76 respectively. Subsequently, for S Artesian St, Station 4 to Station 6,
the number of vehicles traveling through the intersection is 269, 166, and 67 respectively. For Jose P.
Laurel Highway Road to Tanauan City Proper, Station 7 to 9 is designated, and the volume of
vehicles that pass through the intersection is 166, 1052, and 42. At last, for J. Gonzales St., Station 10
to Station 12, the volume of vehicles passing through the intersection is 149, 112, and 113 vehicles.
To sum up, there were a total of 3393 vehicles that passed through the intersection during the peak
hour from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.
In terms of the graph presented above, it shows the categorized data per type of vehicles that
crossed the intersection on the given hour. The private vehicles (car/taxi/van/pick-up), got the highest
number of vehicles passing through the intersection during the peak hour, on the contrary, both trucks
with three or more axles and bus and the mini bus got the least number of vehicles with 1140 and 14
vehicles respectively.
Figure 8. Number of vehicles Crossing the Intersection from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm (afternoon non-peak hour)

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S Artesian St. from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm (afternoon non-peak hour)
Shown in the figure above are the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection
from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm. Starting from the Jose P. Laurel Highway Road going to Sto Tomas,
Station 1 to Station 3, the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection are 250, 999 and 79
vehicles respectively. For the S Artesian St., Station 4 to Station 6, the number of vehicles that passed
through the intersection are 225, 158, 41 vehicles respectively. For Jose P. Laurel Highway Road
going to Tanauan City Proper, Station 7 to Station 9, the number of vehicles that passed through the
intersection are 185, 1256, and 93 vehicles respectively. Lastly, for the J. Gonzales St., Station 10 to
Station 12, the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection are 154, 141, and 73 vehicles
respectively. Summarizing the given data, there are a total of 3469 vehicles that passed though the
intersection from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm.
The graph above shows the categorized data per type of vehicles that traveled the intersection.
The motorcycle has the highest number while the truck with three or more axles has the least number
of vehicles with 1282 and 6 vehicles respectively.

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Figure 9. Number of vehicles Crossing the Intersection from 4:30 pm to 5:30 pm (afternoon peak hour)
S Artesian St. from 4:30 pm to 5:30 pm (afternoon peak hour)
Shown in the figure above are the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection
from 4:30 pm to 5:30 pm. Starting from the Jose P. Laurel Highway Road going to Sto Tomas,
Station 1 to Station 3, the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection are 244, 1027, and
75 vehicles respectively. For the S Artesian St., Station 4 to Station 6, the number of vehicles that
passed through the intersection are 231, 180, 79 vehicles respectively. For Jose P. Laurel Highway
Road going to Tanauan City Proper, Station 7 to Station 9, the number of vehicles that passed through
the intersection are 143, 1224, and 83 vehicles respectively. Lastly, for the J. Gonzales St., Station 10
to Station 12, the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection are 162, 189, and 83

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vehicles respectively. Summarizing the given data, there are a total of 3469 vehicles that passed
though the intersection from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm.
The graph above shows the categorized data per type of vehicles that traveled the intersection.
The motorcycle has the highest number while the truck with three or more axles has the least number
of vehicles with 1323 and 6 vehicles respectively.
S Artesian St. for the four hour duration
Summarizing the gathered data, there are a total of 13496 recorded vehicles that passed
through the intersection during the four-hour duration of traffic counting. Specifically, shown in the
figure above are the number of vehicles recorded for each station Starting from the Jose P. Laurel
Highway Road going to Sto Tomas, Station 1 to Station 3, the number of vehicles that passed through
the intersection are 887, 3701, and 294 vehicles respectively. For the S Artesian St., Station 4 to
Station 6, the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection are 924, 629, 227 vehicles
respectively. For Jose P. Laurel Highway Road going to Tanauan City Proper, Station 7 to Station 9,
the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection are 608, 4492, and 252 vehicles
respectively. Lastly, for the J. Gonzales St., Station 10 to Station 12, the number of vehicles that
passed through the intersection are 576, 538, and 368 vehicles respectively. It can be seen that the
busiest station is Station 8 which has 4492 recorded vehicles. This station is the Jose P. Laurel
Highway going straight to Tanauan City Proper.

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Graph 6. Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume at J.P. Laurel Highway-J. Gonzales St.-
S Artesian St.
The line graph above shows the variation of traffic volume at the intersection during the four
time duration set. A total of 2729 vehicles were recorded during 7:00 am to 8:00 am, 3393 vehicles
were recorded during 9:00 am to 10:00 am, 3654 vehicles from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm, and 3720
vehicles from 4:30 pm to 5:30 pm. The line trend suggests that the traffic volume at the intersection
increases from morning to afternoon indicating that more vehicles traveled through the intersection as
the sun sets down.
Analysis of Unsignalized Intersection
Analyzing an unsignalized intersection is done in order to assess the performance of the

intersection and find appropriate measures to minimize traffic congestion. The tables below show the
evaluation of the intersection for each of the four time periods when the traffic counting was
conducted.

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Table 4. Evaluation of J.P. Laurel Highway - J.Gonzales St. - S Artisan St. on Morning Non-Peak Hour
7:00 -8:00 am
Level of Service Description
Right turn into major road At B: LOS C At B: Stable flow, short traffic
At D: LOS C TO D day
At D: Approaching Unstable
Flow, Average Traffic Delay
Left turn off major road At B: LOS B At B: Stable flow, very short
At D: LOS C traffic delay
At D: Stable flow, short traffic
delay
Crossing major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced flow, congestion

At D: LOS F At D: Forced flow, congestion
Left turn into major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced flow, congestion

Overall evaluation: The intersection requires improvement. Traffic signals and geometric
improvement (channelization) may be necessary.
Table 5. Evaluation of J.P. Laurel Highway - J.Gonzales St. - S Artisan St. on Morning Peak Hour
9:00 -10:00 am
Right turn into major road At B: LOS E At B: Unstable flow, very long
At D: LOS C TO D traffic day
At D: Approaching Unstable
Flow, Average Traffic Delay
Left turn off major road At B: LOS B At B: Stable flow, very short
At D: LOS C traffic delay
At D: Stable flow, short traffic
delay



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Table 4. Evaluation of J.P. Laurel Highway - J.Gonzales St. - S Artisan St. on Afternoon Non-Peak Hour
3:00 -4:00 pm
Right turn into major road At B: LOS E At B: Unstable flow, very long
At D: LOS D traffic day
At D: Long traffic delay
Left turn off major road At B: LOS C At B: Stable flow, short traffic
At D: LOS D delay
At D: Long traffic, delay


Table 4. Evaluation of J.P. Laurel Highway - J.Gonzales St. - S Artisan St. on Afternoon Peak Hour 4:30
-5:30 pm
Right turn into major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced Flow, Congestion

At D: LOS D At D: Long traffic Delay
Left turn off major road At B: LOS C to D At B: Approaching unstable

At D: LOS D flow, average traffic delay
At D: Long traffic Delay
Crossing major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced Flow, Congestion

At D: LOS F At D: Forced Flow, Congestion
Left turn into major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced Flow, Congestion

At D: LOS F At D: Forced Flow, Congestion

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CONCLUSION
In this road traffic counting and investigation project, three distinct types of roads—national,
municipal, and barangay roads— and an intersection were surveyed and studied. These roads are Pres.
Jose P. Laurel Highway, Mabini Avenue, General Luna Road, and Tanauan Water District – Tanauan
North Central School Intersection. The morning and afternoon normal and peak traffic were carefully
counted for each of the aforementioned roads. The information of the elements and the amount of
traffic on each of the roadways as well as the components and the present condition were discussed.
Based on the observations made throughout the study, all of the selected roads in this project
were determined to be plain area roads. The majority of the chosen roads are primarily made of
asphalt which speaks much about how flexible the road is, except the Barangay Road which is made
of concrete. The result of traffic analysis and counting revealed that the most frequent road failures on
the chosen roads are surface defects. Patches, rutting, potholes and cracks are also the road failures
that have been noticed. The intersection at J.P. Laurel Highway, J. Gonzales St., and S Artesian St.
represents a critical point in the road network of Tanauan City. Traffic analysis revealed varying
volumes during peak and non-peak hours, with the highest traffic observed during the afternoon peak
hour. The analysis of the unsignalized intersection at J.P. Laurel Highway - J.Gonzales St. - S Artisan
St. reveals consistent challenges across various time periods. The evaluation consistently indicates a
need for improvement, with traffic congestion and delays posing significant issues. The tables
highlight specific problem areas, such as forced flow, congestion, and unstable traffic conditions
during both non-peak and peak hours. The overall assessment suggests that implementing traffic
signals and geometric improvements, such as channelization, may be necessary to enhance the
intersection's performance and alleviate the identified issues. Addressing these concerns is crucial not
only for the efficient flow of traffic but also for ensuring the safety and convenience of all road users
at this critical intersection.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Data from transportation traffic can be used to design more efficient transportation systems.
This is because it enables the government and other organizations to better understand how people use
various modes of transportation and what kinds of challenges they encounter while commuting. The
data gathered can be used to establish how people move, which can assist planners decide where to
build new roads or train stations. Moreover, the capacity to discern vehicle traffic patterns has a
substantial impact on transportation engineers' planning and decision-making. However, to estimate
the volume of traffic on the road topics, this study used manual traffic counting, resulting in four one-
hour traffic counting sessions in one day. In order to increase efficiency and enhance accuracy, the
students should use other counting tools for vehicles and suggest to lengthen the duration of each
traffic counting session. to boost the accuracy of the data obtained and the efficacy of the road
participants. Vehicle counts and classification data are excellent sources of traffic information.
Departments of transportation, public agencies, and private groups can make successful improvements
to improve how each place moves by understanding traffic volume.

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Alangilan Campus
REFERENCES
12 Types Of Cracks In Asphalt Pavement | Symptoms | Causes | Treatment Of Defects. Civil

Engineering Profile.(2023, July 10). https://civilengpro.com/12-types-of-cracks-in-asphalt-
pavement/
Admin. (n.d.). Why is Traffic Data Collection Important? Worksafe Traffic Control
Industries. https://worksafetci.com/2023/01/why-is-traffic-data-collection-important/
Advantages and disadvantages of cement concrete roads: What you need to know. The
Constructor. (2023, July 11).
https://theconstructor.org/transportation/roadshighways/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
cement-concrete-roads-what-you-need-to-know/572119/
Petruzzello, M. (n.d.). Why Are Roads Made of Asphalt? Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/story/why-are-roads-made-of-asphalt
Sala, city of tanauan, province of Batangas. PhilAtlas. (n.d.).

https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/batangas/tanauan/sala.html

043 425 - 0143 loc. 2847
Alangilan Campus
APPENDICES
A. DOCUMENTATION
PREPARATION AND FINAL DISCUSSION BEFORE THE TRAFFIC COUNTING:

043 425 - 0143 loc. 2847
Alangilan Campus
TRAFFIC COUNTING PROCESS:
FILMING FOR VIDEO PRESENTATION:

043 425 - 0143 loc. 2847
Alangilan Campus
GROUP PHOTOS TAKEN WHILE DOING THE OTHER TASKS:
B. RAW DATA

043 425 - 0143 loc. 2847
Alangilan Campus

043 425 - 0143 loc. 2847
Alangilan Campus
QR CODES
For Raw Data For Tally Sheets

043 425 - 0143 loc. 2847
Alangilan Campus

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Alangilan Campus

Road Demography and Traffic Counting

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

III. Results And Discussion……………………………………………………………3

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Modern urban planning requires an understanding of the interactions between transportation

3. To categorize the usage of diverse road types according to their demographics.

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 1. Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway - National Road

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Road Classification National Road

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Figure 2. Mabini Avenue - Municipal Road

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Length of Pavement 2.26 km

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Figure 3. General Luna Road - Barangay Road

Road Components General Luna Road

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Analysis of Unsignalized Intersection

Analyzing an unsignalized intersection is done in order to assess the performance of the

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Level of Service Description

Crossing major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced flow, congestion

Left turn into major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced flow, congestion

Level of Service Description

Crossing major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced flow, congestion

Left turn into major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced flow, congestion

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Level of Service Description

Crossing major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced flow, congestion

Left turn into major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced flow, congestion

Level of Service Description

Right turn into major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced Flow, Congestion

Left turn off major road At B: LOS C to D At B: Approaching unstable

Crossing major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced Flow, Congestion

Left turn into major road At B: LOS F At B: Forced Flow, Congestion

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

12 Types Of Cracks In Asphalt Pavement | Symptoms | Causes | Treatment Of Defects. Civil

Petruzzello, M. (n.d.). Why Are Roads Made of Asphalt? Encyclopedia Britannica.

Sala, city of tanauan, province of Batangas. PhilAtlas. (n.d.).

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

PREPARATION AND FINAL DISCUSSION BEFORE THE TRAFFIC COUNTING:

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

TRAFFIC COUNTING PROCESS:

FILMING FOR VIDEO PRESENTATION:

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

GROUP PHOTOS TAKEN WHILE DOING THE OTHER TASKS:

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

Ground Floor, Fitness Development Center, BatStateU

For Raw Data For Tally Sheets