1- Renal lobe consists of:

A-Renal pyramid and closely associated cortical tissue.

B-Medullary ray and adjacent cortical tissue.
C- Extension of cortex between two adjacent pyramids.
D- First part of collecting tubules only
E- Third (terminal) part of collecting tubules only.

2- Renal lobule consists of

A_ Renal pyramid and closely associated cortical tissue

B_ Medullary ray and adjacent cortical tissue
C_ Extension of Cortex between Two adjacent Pyramids
D_ 1st part of collecting duct only
E_ 3rd Part of collecting tubules only

3- One of the following not present in kidney cortex:

A- Renal corpuscles B- Cortical labyrinth.

C- Medullary rays. D- Peritubular capillaries.
E_ Ducts of Bellini

4-Renal column of bertin is:

A_ the pyramid and its surrounding tissues.

B_ an extension of cortex between adjacent pyramids.
C_ Beginning of minor calyx
D_ the 1st part of collecting tubules
E_ 3rd part of collecting tubules

5- As regard renal column of Bertin, only one is true:

A- Terminal part of collecting tubules.

B- Terminal part of DCT.
C- Terminal part of the ureter.
D- Terminal part of PCT.
E- An extension of cortical tissue into medulla.
6- Medullary rays of the renal cortex are:

A- Proximal convoluted tubules.

B- Distal convoluted tubules.
C- Interlobular arterioles.
D- First part of collecting tubules.
E_ 2nd part of collecting tubules.

7- Ducts of Bellini are:

A-Renal pyramid and closely associated cortical tissue.

B- Medullary ray and adjacent cortical tissue
C_ Extension of cortex between 2 adjacent pyramids
D- First part of collecting tubules only.
E- Third part of collecting tubules only.

8- Renal pyramids represent:

A- Second part of collecting Tubules.

B- First part of collecting tubules only.
C- Terminal part of collecting tubules.
D- Proximal convoluted tubules.
E- Distal convoluted tubules.

9- 1st part of collecting tubules called:

A-Ducts of Billini.
B- Columns of Bertin.
C- Cortical labyrinth.
D- Renal pyramids.
E- Medullary rays.

10- 2nd part of collecting tubules called:

A- Ducts of Bellini.
B- Columns of Bertin.
C- Cortical labyrinth.
D-Renal pyramids.
E- Medullary rays.
11- 3rd part of collecting tubules called:

A- Ducts of Billini.
B- Columns of Bertin.
C- Cortical labyrinth.
D-Renal pyramids.
E- Medullary rays.

12- Proximal & distal convoluted tubules are called:

A- Ducts of Bellini.
B- Columns of Bertin.
C- Cortical labyrinth.
D- Cortical pyramids.
E- Medullary rays.

13- Medullipin 1 is secreted by:

A- Stromal cells in renal cortex.

B- Stromal cells in renal medulla
C- Intraglomerular messangial cells.
D- Extraglomerular messangial cells.
E- Medulla of lymph node.

14- One of the following is not a component of the nephron:

A- Malpighian corpuscle.
B- Loop of Henle.
C- Ducts of Bellini.
D- Proximal convoluted tubules.
E- Distal convoluted tubules.

15- One of the following about the nephron is wrong:

A- Functional and structural unit of the kidney

B- About 1.5 million nephrons in each kidney.
C- Originates from the metanephrons.
D- Represented by renal corpuscle only.
E- Two types, cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
16- All the following about renal corpuscle are true except one:

A- They are rounded bodies in renal cortex.

B- Their diameter 150- 250 um.
C- Surrounded by single layered capsule.
D- Have two poles; vascular pole and urinary pole.
E- Contain glomerular capillaries and mesangium.

17- "It is double walled capsules that surround the glomerular blood capillary and
terminate in the PCT" identifies the capsule:

A- Glisson's capsule.
B- Bowman's capsule.
C- Basilar capsule.
D- Pleural capsule.
E- Tenon's capsule.

18- The renal corpuscle does not contain one of the following:

A- Podocytes.
B- Mesangeal cells
C-Tuff of capillaries.
D- Macula densa
E- Parietal cells of Bowman capsule

19-One of the following about renal corpuscle is wrong:

A-They are present in the renal medulla.

B-It is part of the nephron.
C-Their diameter 150-250 um.
D-Surrounded by Bowman's capsule.
E-Contain capillaries and messangium.

20-Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule is formed of:

A- Simple squamous epithelium.

B-Simple cubical epithelium.
C-Reticular C.T only.
D-Dense C.T only.
E-Simple squamous epithelium surrounded by Reticular C.T.
21-Which of the following cell represent visceral layer of Bowman's capsule?

A-Continuous endothelium.
B-Podocytes.
C-Cubical ciliated epithelium.
D- Fenestrated endothelium.
E- Cubical epithelium without microvilli.

22- Podocytes are:

A- Parietal layer of Bowman capsule.

B- Interstitial cells in renal cortex.
C-Visceral layer of Bowman capsule.
D- Interstitial cells in renal medulla.
E- Endothelial cells of glomerular blood capillaries.

23-Only one about the podocytes is wrong:

A- Modified simple squamous cells.

B- Have acidophilic cytoplasm.
C-Terminate on the blood capillaries by pedicles.
D-Secrete renin.
E- Share in blood renal barrier.

24-Urinary pole of the renal capsule is connected with:

A-Proximal convoluted tubules.

B-Collecting ducts.
C-Descending thin limb of loop of Henle.
D- Distal convoluted tubules.
E-Ascending thin limb of loop of Henle

25- All the following about the podocytes are true except one:

A- They are visceral layer of Bowman's capsule,

B-Stellate in shape with acidophilic cytoplasm.
C-Contractile cells.
D-Have several processes (major & minor)
E-Share in blood renal barrier.

26- As regard podocytes, one is incorrect:

A-On external surface of glomerular capillaries.

B- Formed of body and multiple processes.
C- from the glomerular capillaries by subpodocytic space.
D- Their pedicles have a well-developed glycocalyx
E-They are supporting and phagocytic cells.
27-The glomerular capillaries are lined by:

A- Simple squamous fenestrated endothelial cells without diaphragm.

B- Simple squamous fenestrated endothelial cells with diaphragm.
C- Simple squamous continuous endothelial cells.
D-Intraglomerular Mesangeal cells.
E- Podocytes.

28-One of the followings is not component of blood renal barrier:

A- Basal lamina of podocytes.

B-Mesangeal cells.
C-Basal lamina of endothelial cells.
D-Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries.
E Pedicles of podocytes and the diaphragm cover the filtration slits

29- As regard to intraglomerular mesangial cells, one of the following is false

A- Present between and outside capillary loops.

B-Their processes reach lumen of the capillaries.
C-Secrete materials added to basement membrane.
D-Have receptors for rennin.
E-Stellate in shape

30- All the following about PCT are true except one

A- About 15mm in length and 60 um in diameter.

B-Starts at the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle.
C-Ends in the straight descending loop of Henle.
D-Have convoluted part and straight part.
E-The Target part of aldosterone

31-Only one of the following about intraglomerular mesangial cells is true:

A-Have receptors for angiotensin

B- Present between the endothelial cells.
C- Layer of blood renal barrier.
D-Tall columnar in shape
E-Called Lacis cells
 32-It is pericyte like cells present between and outside the capillary loops
of renal corpuscle in non podocytic areas" identifies the cells:

A- Intraglomerular messangial cells

B-Bowman's cells.
C-Extraglomerular messangial cells.
D-Facet cells.
E-Bertin cells

33-One of the following not functions of intraglomerular messangial cells:

A-Secretion of collagen (IV) and extracellular matrix.

B-Phagocytes of foreign bodies in glomerular blood or in intercapillary spaces.
C -Supporting function.
D- Contractile (has receptors for angiotensin II.
E-Share in blood renal barrier

34-Filtration slits present between:

A-Pedicles of minor processes of podocyte.

B- Major process of podocyte.
C-Major calyx.
D-Minor calyx.
E- Parietal and visceral layers of Bowman's capsule.

35- As regard PCT, one statement is wrong:

A-Lined by simple cubical epithelium.

B-Cells have acidophilic brush border.
C-Have clear cell borders.
D Have acidophilic basal striation.
E- Number of cells is little when compared with DCT.

36-The main ultra-structure features of the cells lining DCT are:

A-Numerous lysosomes.
B-Basal infolding.
D- Well developed SER
C-Numerous RER.
E-Well developed microvilli.
37- EM of cells of PCT showing the following except one :

A- Apex has many microvilli.

B- Basal infolding with mitochondria.
C-Many fat droplets
D- Apical canaliculi and pinocytotic vesicles.
E_ Extensive lateral membrane interdigitions.

38- One of the following is wrong about functions of PCT:

A- Secretion of erythropoietin hormone

B- Reabsorption (passive) of 80 % Na, cl & H20.
C- Reabsorption of 100% of glucose, amino acids, plasma proteins.
D- Active transport of ions, glucose, amino acids.
E-Excretion of iodine, creatinine and some drugs.

39- As regard loops of Henle, only one is wrong

A-It is part of the nephron.

B- Extends from PCT to join the DCT.
C-Juxtaglomerular nephron very short.
D-lts inferior U shape part is lined by simple squamous epithelium.
E-Concentrate urine by countercurrent mechanism.

40-Structure that extends from PCT to join DCT is:

A- Ducts of Billini.
B-Loop of Henle.
C- Minor calyx.
D- Loop of Bertin.
E- Juxtaglomerular complex.

41- As regard loops of Henle, only one is true:

A-It is highly convoluted structure.

B-Extends from collecting tubules to minor calyx.
C-Two types according to its length.
D-Lined by simple columnar epithelium.
E- Secrete rennin.

42-The main function of Henle's loop is:

A- Concentration of urine by countercurrent mechanism.

B-Their lining epithelium act as osmoreceptors.
C-Their lining epithelium act as mechanoreceptors.
D-Secretion of erythropoietin.
E- Share in formation of juxtaglomerular apparatus.
43-One of the following statements about DCT is incorrect:

A-Have apical well developed cilia.

B-Less convoluted than proximal tubules.
C- Starts from ascending Henle's loop.
D-Shows numerous cells than PCT.
E-Lined by simple cubical cells.

44- As regard DCT only one is true:

A- More convoluted than proximal tubules.

B-Starts from descending Henle's loop.
C-End in the ducts of Billini.
D- Lined by simple columnar cells.
E-Have basal acidophilic striations and indistinct apical brush border

45-The principal target tissue for aldosterone is:

A- Descending thin loop of Henle.

B- Ascending thin loop of Henle.
C-Distal convoluted tubule.
D- Proximal convoluted tubule.
E-Straight collecting tubules

46- Macula densa in juxtaglomerular apparatus is:

A- Proximal convoluted tubules.

B-Distal convoluted tubules.
C-Collecting tubules.
D- Visceral layer of Bowman capsule.
E-Parietal layer of Bowman capsule.

47-In the kidney, rennin is produced by which of the following?

A- Cells of the PCT.

B- Lacis cells.
C-Juxtaglomerular cells
D-Podocytes.
E-Cells of the distal convoluted tubules.
48-"They are small supporting cells, present between the afferent and efferent
arterioles and the macula densa'" identifies the cells:

A- Dome cells.
B- Bertin cells.
C- Lacis cells
D- Podocytes
E- Intraglomerular mesangial.

49-One of the following about macula densa of Juxtaglomerular apparatus is wrong:

A- Their cells become tall columnar instead of cubical.

B- Its basement membrane is thin or even absence.
C- Cells become crowded with deeply stained nuclei.
D- Golgi is infranuclear with ovoid mitochondria.
E- The cells have well developed basal infolding

50-The function of macula densa of juxtaglomerular complex is:

A- Supporting structure.
B- Phagocytosis.
D- Act as osmoreceptors
C- Secrete rennin.
E-Secrete medullipin I.

51-Juxta glomerular cells are:

A- Located in macula densa.

B-Modified neuron.
C-Modified endothelial cells of afferent arteriole.
D-Secrete angiotensin.
E Modified smooth muscle fibers of afferent arteriole.

52-One of the following about juxtaglomerular apparatus is wrong:

A- Present at urinary pole renal corpuscles.

B-Present in some corpuscles.
C- Help in control blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
D- Secrete rennin.
E- It is formed of Lacis, macula densa and Juxtaglomerular cells.
53- Modified Mesangeal in the juxtaglomerular apparatus are called:

A- Podocytes.
B-Lacis cells.
C- Macula densa cells.
D- Juxtaglomerular cells.
E- Bertin's cells.

54- As regard (Lacis) cells, the following statements are true except one:

A- They are extra glomerular Mesangeal cells.

B-Present besides the macula densa.
C-Modified smooth muscle fibers.
D- Have well developed cytoskeleton.
E Supporting and phagocytic cells.

55- As regard cortical collecting tubules, one only is wrong

A-They are called medullary rays.

B- Lined by cubical epithelium
C-Their cells are principle and intercalated cells.
D-Can absorb water under control of ADH
E-Open at the renal papillae into the minor calyx

56-Only one is true about cortical collecting tubules:

A-Open in minor calyx.

B-Formed by union of multiple medullary tubules.
C-Called medullary rays.
D-Lined by columnar cells (principle cells only).
E-Continuous with loop of Henle.

57-Only one about cortical collecting tubules is true:

A-Formed by union of multiple medullary tubules

B-Present at the apex of renal pyramids
C-Their diameter about 200 um.
D- Open at area cribrosa into the minor calyx.
E-Lined by cubical cells (principle and intercalated cells).
58-Modified cells of DCT in the juxtaglomerular apparatus are called:

A- Podocytes.
B-Lacis cells.
C-Polkison's cells.
D-Macula densa cells
E-Juxtaglomerular cells.

59- "They are union of multiple medullary tubules at the apex of renal pyramids,
open at the renal papillae into the minor calyx" identifies the structure:

A-Ducts of Billini.
B-Ducts of Bertin.
C-DCT.
D-Loop of Henle's.
E-Major calyx.

60-One of the following about Billini ducts is wrong:

A- Formed by union of multiple medullary tubules.

B- Present at the apex of renal pyramids.
C- Their diameter about 200 um.
D- Open at the renal papillae into the minor calyx.
E- Lined by cubical cells (principle and intercalated cells).

61-Only one of the following about ducts of Bellini is true:

A- Formed by union of multiple nephrons.

B- Present in the cortex of the kidney.
C-Constitutes the renal pyramids.
D-Lined by transitional epithelium.
E-Open at the renal papillae into the minor calyx

62- Ducts of Billini of the kidney terminate in:

A-Minor calyx
C-Major calyx.
E-Ureter.
B-Pelvis of the kidney.
D- Descending limb of Henle.
63- Arteriole recta of the kidney supply:

A-The vas deferens

B-The cortex of the kidney.
C- The capsule.
D-Erectile tissue of the penis.
E- The medulla of the kidney

64-The efferent arterioles of the renal corpuscles are considered portal vessels
Because they connect the glomerular capillaries with:

A- Vasa vasorum.
C -Peritubular capillaries
B-Vasa recta.
D- Stellate veins.
E- Penicillar arteries

65- Arrange the following vessels in a proper sequence for blood flow into the
kidney:

1= renal artery. 2 arcuate artery 3 interlobar artery

4 afferent arteriole 5 interlobular artery. 6 efferent arteriole.

A- 1-3-2-5-4-6
B-1-2-3-4-5-6.
C-1-4-3-2-5-6.
D- 1-5-4-3-2-6.
E-6-1-3-2-5-4

66-All the following are non-glomerular blood vessels EXCEPT:

A- Arteries of the capsule

B- Arteriolae recta (supply medulla).
C-Shunt between afferent & efferent arterioles.
D- Terminal branches of interlobular arteries.
E- Arcuate artery.

67- Peritubular capillaries’ are branches of:

A- Arcuate arteries
B-Interlobar arteries
C- Interlobular arteries.
D- Afferent arterioles of the corpuscles
E-Efferent arterioles of the corpuscles
68- Arcuate arteries in the kidney are originated from

A- Capsular arteries.
B-Interlobar arteries
C- Interlobular arteries.
D- Afferent arterioles of the corpuscles,
E-Efferent arterioles of the corpuscles

69- Afferent arterioles that supply the renal corpuscles are originated from:

A- Segmental arteries
B- Interlobar arteries.
D-Capsular arteries
C-Interlobular arteries
E- Abdominal aorta.

70- Erythropoietin is secreted by the following cells:

A- Modified smooth muscle in the afferent arteriole.

B- Cells of macula densa,
C- Extra glomerular Mesangeal cells
D- Intraglomerular Mesangeal cells
E- Endothelial cells of Peritubular capillaries

71- The ureter is lined by:

A- Simple columnar epithelium.

B-Stratified cubical epithelium.
C-Transitional epithelium,
D-Simple cubical epithelium,
E-Pseudo stratified columnar with steriocilia.

72- One of the following about the ureter is false:

A- Muscular tube about 25 cm length.

B-Lined by transitional epithelium.
C-Continuation of renal pelvis.
D-Musculosa in its lower end formed of two layers
E- Its adventia is fibro elastic C.T.
73 -Transitional epithelium lines all the following except one;

A Major calyx of the kidney

B-Pelvis of the kidney
C- Prostatic urethra.
D. Minor calyx of the kidney.
E- Terminal part of female urethra

74-Only one site not lined by transitional epithelium:

A- Major calyx of the kidney.

B-Urinary bladder.
C-Prostatic urethra.
D-Ducts of Bellini
E- Minor calyx of the kidney.

75-The musculosa of lower 1/4 of the ureter arranged as

A- Inner circular outer longitudinal.

B-Inner longitudinal and outer circular.
C-Inner circular middle longitudinal and outer circular
D-Longitudinal muscles only.
E- Inner longitudinal, middle circular and outer longitudinal.

76-The musculosa of upper 3/4 of the ureter arranged as:

A- Inner circular outer longitudinal.

B-Inner longitudinal and outer circular.
C- Inner longitudinal, middle circular and outer longitudinal.
D- Inner circular middle longitudinal and outer circular.
E-Circular muscles only.

77-The musculosa of urinary bladder arranged as:

A- Inner circular outer longitudinal.

B-Inner longitudinal, middle circular and outer longitudinal.
C- Inner longitudinal and outer circular.
D- Inner circular middle longitudinal and outer circular.
E-One layer of skeletal muscles circularly arranged.
78-The bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands are open in:

A- Prostatic urethra.
B-Membranous urethra.
C-Penile urethra.
D- At fossa naviculars.
E_ Urinary Bladder.

79- The urinary bladder is lined by:

A- Stratified columnar epithelium.

B-Stratified cubical epithelium.
C- Transitional epithelium.
D- Stratified squamous epithelium.
E-Pseudo stratified columnar with stericilia.

80- Lining epithelium of prostatic urethra is:

A- Stratified squamous epithelium.

B-Stratified columnar epithelium.
C-Stratified columnar with patches of pseudo stratified columnar.
D- Transitional epithelium.
E- Simple columnar epithelium.

81- The membranous urethra is lined by:

A- Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with steriocilia.

B-Transitional epithelium.
C-Stratified columnar epithelium.
D- Simple cubical partially ciliated epithelium.
E-Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with true cilia.

82- All the following about membranous urethra except one:

A- It is short tube (1-2cm).

B-Lined by stratified columnar epithelium.
C-Receive ducts of Cowper's glands.
D- Its musculosa is inner longitudinal & outer circular smooth muscle fibers.
E-Lies within the perineal membrane.

83-Lining epithelium of urethra at fossa navicularis is:

A-Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.

B-Stratified columnar epithelium.
C-Stratified columnar with patches of pseudo stratified columnar
D-Transitional epithelium.
E-Stratified squamous none keratinized.
84-Glands of Littre open in:

A- Prostatic urethra.
B- Membranous urethra.
C-Penile urethra.
D- At fossa naviculars.
E-Urinary bladder.

85_ THE Proximal part of female urethra is lined by this type of epithelium:

A-Transitional.
B-Simple columnar.
C-Stratified cubical.
D- Stratified squamous.
E- Pseudo stratified columnar with stericilia.

86- The lower end of female urethra is lined by this type of epithelium:

A-Transitional.
B-Simple columnar.
C-Stratified cubical.
D- Stratified squamous.
E- Pseudo stratified columnar with steriocilia.
 ANSWERS
1 A 23 D 45 C 67 E
2 B 24 A 46 B 68 B
3 E 25 C 47 C 69 C
4 B 26 E 48 C 70 E
5 E 27 A 49 E 71 C
6 D 28 B 50 D 72 D
7 E 29 D 51 E 73 E
8 A 30 E 52 A 74 D
9 E 31 A 53 B 75 E
10 D 32 A 54 C 76 B
11 A 33 E 55 E 77 B
12 D 34 A 56 C 78 C
13 B 35 C 57 E 79 C
14 C 36 B 58 D 80 D
15 D 37 C 59 A 81 C
16 C 38 A 60 E 82 C
17 B 39 C 61 E 83 E
18 D 40 B 62 A 84 C
19 A 41 C 63 E 85 A
20 E 42 A 64 C 86 D
21 B 43 A 65 A
22 C 44 E 66 E