Chapter 33 Osmoregulation A

Chapter 33 Osmoregulation and Excretion
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Why don't marine invertebrates such as sea anemones and sea stars have to deal with osmoregulation?
A. They are too small
B. They have no skeleton
C. Their blood is isotonic to sea water
D. They have no blood
E. They have no cardiovascular system
2. If you were studying organisms whose blood plasma is hypotonic to sea water you would be studying which
of the following?
A. Fish
B. Sea anemones
C. Crabs
D. Sea stars
E. Squids
3. Which of the following organisms have specialized salt glands that pump salt out of their bodies?
A. Bony fish
B. Sea stars
C. Sea anemones
D. Sharks
E. Sea birds
4. Ammonia, urea, and uric acid come from ____________ which are removed from amino acids and nucleic
acids.
A. Urea groups
B. Amino groups
C. Ammonia groups
D. Protein groups
E. Uric acid groups

5. A biologist is studying organisms which excrete ammonia. Based on this information you would conclude
that he or she is studying which of the following?
A. Birds
B. Mammals
C. Sharks
D. Bony fish
E. Reptiles
6. Which of the following organisms excretes urea?

A. Bony fish
B. Mammals
C. Insects
D. Reptiles
E. Birds
7. If you were studying animals which produce uric acid you would be studying which of the following?
A. Birds
B. Sharks
C. Adult amphibians
D. Bony fish
E. Mammals
8. Which of the following waste products take the most energy to produce?
A. Ammonia
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Uric acid
D. Urea
E. Water
9. If you were studying organisms which have flame cells you would be studying which of the following?
A. Earthworms
B. Fish
C. Insects
D. Sharks
E. Planarians

10. In the segmented body of an annelid, there are paired excretory structures called:
A. Flame cells
B. Kidneys
C. Malpighian tubules
D. Nephridia
E. Nephrons
11. A biologist is studying the excretory system of insects. Based on this information you would conclude that
he or she is studying which of the following?
A. Flame cells
B. Kidneys
D. Nephridia
E. Nephrons
12. Why is the blood of cartilaginous fish nearly isotonic to sea water?
A. It contains lots of carbon dioxide
B. It contains lots of urea
C. It contains lots of ammonia
D. It contains lots of amino acids
E. It contains lots of uric acid
13. Which of the following organisms needs to constantly drink to prevent from becoming dehydrated?
A. Marine bony fish
B. Sharks
C. Desert mammals
D. Freshwater fish
E. Sea birds
14. Because of their tendency to constantly gain water by osmosis across their gills and body structures, which
of the following organisms never need to drink?
A. Sharks
B. Clams
C. Freshwater fish
D. Sea anemones
E. Marine bony fish

15. What happens if humans drink sea water?
A. Their rectal glands expel excess salt.
B. They secrete excess salt with their salt glands.
C. There is no net change in the water content of their cells.
D. Their cells lose water.
E. Their cells gain water.
16. A biologist is studying organisms which have specialized glands to pump excess salt out of their bodies.
Based on this information you would conclude that he or she could be studying all of the following organisms
except:
A. Marine mammals
B. Amphibians
C. Marine reptiles
D. Marine birds
E. Cartilaginous marine fishes

17. This figure shows the anatomy of the human urinary system. What does "b" represent?
A. The urinary bladder
B. The kidney
C. The urethra
D. The ureter
E. The renal artery

18. This figure shows the anatomy of the human urinary system. What does "d" represent?
B. The kidney
C. The urethra
D. The ureter
E. The renal artery
19. This figure shows the anatomy of the human urinary system. What does "a" represent?
B. The kidney
C. The urethra
D. The ureter
E. The renal artery
20. This figure shows the anatomy of the human urinary system. What does "c" represent?
B. The kidney
C. The urethra
D. The ureter
E. The renal artery
21. Which is the correct order by which urine leaves the body?
A. Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
B. Kidney, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter
C. Kidney, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
D. Kidney, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder
E. Kidney, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder
22. If you were studying the tube which connects the kidneys and the urinary bladder you would be studying
which of the following?
A. The urethra
B. The renal tubule
C. The distal convoluted tubule
D. The proximal convoluted tubule
E. The ureter
23. The kidneys are where urine is stored until it is voided from the body.
True False

24. The outer portion of the kidney is referred to as:
A. The renal medulla
B. The renal nephron
C. The renal pelvis
D. The renal cortex
E. The renal collecting duct
25. A biologist is studying the part of the kidney which consists of six to ten cone-shaped renal pyramids.
Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following structures?
C. The renal pelvis
D. The renal cortex
26. The functional unit of excretion found in the kidneys is the:

A. Nephron
B. Bowman capsule
C. Glomerulus
D. Alveoli
E. Microvilli
27. What is the correct order an excreted water molecule moves from the glomerulus to the collecting duct?
A. Loop of the nephron, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
B. Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of the nephron, distal convoluted tubule
C. Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of the nephron and distal convoluted tubule
D. Proximal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule, loop of the nephron, distal convoluted tubule
E. Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of the nephron
28. Which of these is the correct sequence of blood vessels associated with the nephron?
A. Renal artery, peritubular capillary, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, venule
B. Efferent arteriole, glomerulus, venule, afferent arteriole, collecting duct
C. Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary, venule
D. Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, peritubular capillary, efferent arteriole, venule
E. Venule, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary, glomerulus, afferent arteriole

29. Which of the following is not part of the nephron?
A. The proximal convoluted tubule
B. Bowman capsule
C. Loop of Henle
D. The distal convoluted tubule
E. Glomerulus
30. The glomerular (Bowman) capsule:

A. Returns material to the blood
B. Filters material from the blood
C. Makes urea
D. Contains urine in its final state
E. Engages in tubular secretion
31. The ____________ transports urine down through the renal medulla and delivers it to the renal pelvis.
A. The loop of the nephron
B. The proximal convoluted tubule
C. The glomerular capsule
D. The collecting ducts
E. The distal convoluted tubule

32. This figure shows a nephron and its blood supply. What does "a" represent?
A. The distal convoluted tubule
B. Peritubular capillaries
C. Efferent arteriole
D. Afferent arteriole
E. The proximal convoluted tubule
33. This figure shows a nephron and its blood supply. What does "e" represent?
34. This figure shows a nephron and its blood supply. What does "d" represent?
35. This figure shows a nephron and its blood supply. What does "c" represent?
36. Which pair of terms is mismatched?

A. Tubular secretion: convoluted tubules
B. Tubular reabsorption: convoluted tubules
C. Tubular reabsorption: glomerular capsule
D. Glomerular filtration: glomerular capsule
E. Tubular secretion: peritubular capillary network

37. Which mechanism used to form urine requires a high blood pressure?
A. Glomerular filtration
B. Tubular secretion
C. Tubular reabsorption
D. Countercurrent reabsorption
E. Glomerular reabsorption
38. Normally, concentrations of metabolically important substances, such as glucose, are:

A. High in the glomerular filtrate but only a trace in urine
B. Low in glomerular filtrate but high in urine
C. High in glomerular filtrate and urine
D. Low in both glomerular filtrate and urine
E. Excluded from entering the excretory system altogether
39. The liquid that collects in the cavity of the glomerular (Bowman) capsule is:
A. Concentrated urine
B. Blood plasma minus proteins
C. Old bile ready for excretion
D. Glycogen and water
E. Albumin
40. Glucose is found in the glomerular filtrate but not in the urine because:
A. The kidneys store glucose as glycogen
B. The kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport
C. Glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream
D. Glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidneys
E. Glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron
41. How can urine contain a higher concentration of wastes (be hypertonic) than the blood?
A. Urine cannot since the process is passive diffusion
B. Reabsorption of water and salt in the loop of the nephron and collecting ducts leaves behind more
concentrated urine
C. All stages in the kidney involve active transport
D. Urine can be hypertonic for small molecules if it is hypotonic for an equal number of big molecules
E. The whole nephron is impermeable to water

42. The second way substances are removed from the blood and are added to the tubular fluid is:
A. Tubular reabsorption
B. Countercurrent secretion
C. Glomerular filtration
D. Pressure filtration
E. Tubular secretion
43. Which of the following would be found in high concentrations in the urine of a diabetic?
A. Bile
B. Red blood cells
C. Glucose
D. Albumin
E. Lipids
44. The presence of ________ in the urine is an early indicator of chronic renal failure.
A. Glucose
B. Bile
C. White blood cells
D. Proteins
E. Lipids
45. The loop of of the nephron will exhibit:

A. Active release of sodium from the descending limb
B. Active release of sodium from the ascending limb
C. Passive release of sodium from the ascending limb
D. Water release from the ascending limb
E. Active transport of water
46. A biologist is studying the site in the nephron where most of the water and salt is reabsorbed back into the
bloodstream. Based on this information, you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?
B. The collecting ducts
D. The loop of Henle
E. The glomerulus

47. The hormone which is responsible for the reabsorption of water is:
A. Aldosterone
B. Renin
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Angiotensin I
E. Angiotensin II
48. Which hormone from the adrenal cortex will cause the distal convoluted tubules to reabsorb more sodium
ions?
A. Renin
B. Angiosinogen
C. Angiotensin II
D. Antidiuretic hormone
E. Aldosterone
49. The overall effect of renin release will be to:

A. Lower blood pressure
B. Lower blood volume
C. Converts angiotensin II to angiotensin I
D. Increase blood pressure for homeostasis
E. Inhibit aldosterone secretion
50. If the blood is alkaline:

A. More hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are excreted
B. Less hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed
C. Less hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are excreted
D. The kidneys reabsorb increased amounts of water
E. The diet must be low in necessary acids
51. During hemodialysis, molecules diffuse across nonliving semipermeable tubing as needed to adjust the
blood levels of salts and nitrogenous wastes.
True False

52. If you were a doctor and had a patient who was suffering from water intoxication (from drinking too much
water), which of the following treatments would you administer?
A. An intravenous intake of water
B. An intravenous intake of a high-sodium solution
C. An intravenous intake of atrial natriuretic hormone
D. An intravenous intake of antidiuretic hormone
E. An intravenous intake of renin

Chapter 33 Osmoregulation and Excretion Key

1. Why don't marine invertebrates such as sea anemones and sea stars have to deal with osmoregulation?
A. They are too small
B. They have no skeleton
C. Their blood is isotonic to sea water
D. They have no blood
E. They have no cardiovascular system
Some invertebrates (sea anemones and sea stars, for example) do not osmoregulate. Their body fluids conform
to the sea water around them. Invertebrate animals that live in the sea are isotonic to sea water.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Mader - Chapter 33 #1
Topic: Animals

2. If you were studying organisms whose blood plasma is hypotonic to sea water you would be studying which
of the following?
A. Fish
B. Sea anemones
C. Crabs
D. Sea stars
E. Squids
The blood plasmas of marine vertebrates, such as fishes, are hypotonic to sea water.

Topic: Animals

3. Which of the following organisms have specialized salt glands that pump salt out of their bodies?
A. Bony fish
B. Sea stars
C. Sea anemones
D. Sharks
E. Sea birds
Sea birds have special salt glands that pump salts out.

Topic: Animals

4. Ammonia, urea, and uric acid come from ____________ which are removed from amino acids and nucleic
acids.
A. Urea groups
B. Amino groups
C. Ammonia groups
D. Protein groups
E. Uric acid groups
When amino acids are broken down by the body to generate energy, or are converted to fats or carbohydrates,
the amino groups (—NH2) must be removed because they are not needed. Once the amino groups have been
removed, they may be excreted from the body in the form of ammonia, urea, or uric acid, depending on the
species.

Learning Outcome: 33.01.01 Contrast the advantages of excreting ammonia. urea, or uric acid, and associate each with a particular environment.
Section: 33.01
Topic: Animals

5. A biologist is studying organisms which excrete ammonia. Based on this information you would conclude
that he or she is studying which of the following?
A. Birds
B. Mammals
C. Sharks
D. Bony fish
E. Reptiles
Ammonia is excreted by most fishes and other aquatic animals whose gills and skin surfaces are in direct
contact with the water of the environment.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 33.01
Topic: Animals

6. Which of the following organisms excretes urea?
A. Bony fish
B. Mammals
C. Insects
D. Reptiles
E. Birds
Sharks, adult amphibians, and mammals usually excrete urea as their main nitrogenous waste.

Section: 33.01
Topic: Animals

7. If you were studying animals which produce uric acid you would be studying which of the following?
A. Birds
B. Sharks
C. Adult amphibians
D. Bony fish
E. Mammals
Uric acid is routinely excreted by insects, reptiles, and birds.

Section: 33.01
Topic: Animals

8. Which of the following waste products take the most energy to produce?
A. Ammonia
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Uric acid
D. Urea
E. Water
Synthesis of uric acid requires a long, complex series of enzymatic reactions that use even more ATP than does
urea synthesis.

Section: 33.01
Topic: Animals

9. If you were studying organisms which have flame cells you would be studying which of the following?
A. Earthworms
B. Fish
C. Insects
D. Sharks
E. Planarians
The excretory organs of planarians consist of two strands of branching tubules that open to the outside of the
body through excretory pores. Located along the tubules are bulblike flame cells, each containing a cluster of
beating cilia that looks like a flickering flame under the microscope. The beating of flame-cell cilia propels fluid
through the excretory tubules and out of the body.

Learning Outcome: 33.02.01 Contrast the organs of excretion in planarians, earthworms, and arthropods.
Section: 33.02
Topic: Animals

10. In the segmented body of an annelid, there are paired excretory structures called:
A. Flame cells
B. Kidneys
D. Nephridia
E. Nephrons
The body of an earthworm, an annelid, is divided into segments, and nearly every body segment has a pair of
excretory structures called nephridia.

Section: 33.02
Topic: Animals

11. A biologist is studying the excretory system of insects. Based on this information you would conclude that
he or she is studying which of the following?
A. Flame cells
B. Kidneys
D. Nephridia
E. Nephrons
Insects have a unique excretory system consisting of long, thin tubules called Malpighian tubules attached to
the digestive tract.

Section: 33.02
Topic: Animals

12. Why is the blood of cartilaginous fish nearly isotonic to sea water?
A. It contains lots of carbon dioxide
B. It contains lots of urea
C. It contains lots of ammonia
D. It contains lots of amino acids
E. It contains lots of uric acid
Vertebrates use urea as their nitrogenous waste, and cartilaginous fishes turned this to good use. Their blood
plasma is nearly isotonic to sea water because they pump it full of urea, and this molecule gives their blood the
same tonicity as sea water.

Section: 33A
Topic: Animals

13. Which of the following organisms needs to constantly drink to prevent from becoming dehydrated?
A. Marine bony fish
B. Sharks
C. Desert mammals
D. Freshwater fish
E. Sea birds
As sea water washes over their gills, marine bony fishes lose water by osmosis. To counteract this, they drink
sea water almost constantly.

Section: 33A
Topic: Animals

14. Because of their tendency to constantly gain water by osmosis across their gills and body structures, which
of the following organisms never need to drink?
A. Sharks
B. Clams
C. Freshwater fish
D. Sea anemones
E. Marine bony fish
Freshwater fishes tend to gain water by osmosis across the gills and the body surface. As a consequence, these
fishes never need to drink water.

Section: 33A
Topic: Animals

15. What happens if humans drink sea water?

A. Their rectal glands expel excess salt.
B. They secrete excess salt with their salt glands.
C. There is no net change in the water content of their cells.
D. Their cells lose water.
E. Their cells gain water.
Humans have no auxiliary gland to get rid of excess salt, and the kidneys are unable to excrete salt and other
solutes such as urea without also excreting water. Therefore, we need access to fresh water in order to produce
enough urine to wash excess salt from the body. If we drink sea water, our cells become dehydrated as they lose
water to blood, which will have a higher concentration of salts than cytoplasm.

Section: 33A
Topic: Animals

16. A biologist is studying organisms which have specialized glands to pump excess salt out of their bodies.
Based on this information you would conclude that he or she could be studying all of the following organisms
except:
A. Marine mammals
B. Amphibians
C. Marine reptiles
D. Marine birds
E. Cartilaginous marine fishes
Amphibians do not live in sea water because they are not equipped to eliminate excess salt.

Section: 33A
Topic: Animals

Mader - Chapter 33

17. This figure shows the anatomy of the human urinary system. What does "b" represent?
B. The kidney
C. The urethra
D. The ureter
E. The renal artery
"b" represents a ureter. See Figure 33.3A.

Figure: 33.03A
Learning Outcome: 33.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the human urinary system.
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

18. This figure shows the anatomy of the human urinary system. What does "d" represent?
B. The kidney
C. The urethra
D. The ureter
E. The renal artery
"d" represents the urethra. See Figure 33.3A.

Figure: 33.03A
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

19. This figure shows the anatomy of the human urinary system. What does "a" represent?
B. The kidney
C. The urethra
D. The ureter
E. The renal artery
"a" represents a kidney. See Figure 33.3A.

Figure: 33.03A
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

20. This figure shows the anatomy of the human urinary system. What does "c" represent?
B. The kidney
C. The urethra
D. The ureter
E. The renal artery
"c" represents the urinary bladder. See Figure 33.3A.

Figure: 33.03A
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

21. Which is the correct order by which urine leaves the body?
A. Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
B. Kidney, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter
C. Kidney, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
D. Kidney, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder
E. Kidney, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder
Each kidney produces urine, which passes from the kidney into the attached ureter. The ureters empty into the
urinary bladder. From there, urine is passed from the body through the urethra. See Figure 33.3A.

Figure: 33.03A
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

22. If you were studying the tube which connects the kidneys and the urinary bladder you would be studying
which of the following?
A. The urethra
B. The renal tubule
D. The proximal convoluted tubule
E. The ureter
Each kidney has a ureter which connects it to the urinary bladder. See Figure 33.3A.

Figure: 33.03A
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

23. The kidneys are where urine is stored until it is voided from the body.
FALSE
Urine is produced in the kidneys, but it is temporarily stored in the urinary bladder before it is released from the
body via the urethra.

Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

24. The outer portion of the kidney is referred to as:
C. The renal pelvis
D. The renal cortex
The renal cortex is the outer region of a kidney

Figure: 33.03B
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

25. A biologist is studying the part of the kidney which consists of six to ten cone-shaped renal pyramids.
Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following structures?
C. The renal pelvis
D. The renal cortex
The renal medulla consists of six to ten cone-shaped renal pyramids that lie inside the renal cortex. See Figure
33.3B.

Figure: 33.03B
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

26. The functional unit of excretion found in the kidneys is the:

A. Nephron
B. Bowman capsule
C. Glomerulus
D. Alveoli
E. Microvilli
All vertebrate kidneys contain tiny tubules called nephrons that produce urine. These are the functional
excretory units of the kidneys. See Figure 33.3B.

Figure: 33.03B
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

27. What is the correct order an excreted water molecule moves from the glomerulus to the collecting duct?
A. Loop of the nephron, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
B. Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of the nephron, distal convoluted tubule
C. Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of the nephron and distal convoluted tubule
D. Proximal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule, loop of the nephron, distal convoluted tubule
E. Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of the nephron
The blind end of a nephron is pushed in on itself to form a cuplike structure called the glomerular capsule.
Leading from the glomerular capsule is a portion of the nephron known as the proximal convoluted tubule. Next
comes the loop of the nephron, which has a descending limb and an ascending limb. The distal convoluted
tubule follows after the loop of the nephron. Severaldistal convoluted tubules enter one collecting duct. See
Figure 33.3C.

Figure: 33.03C
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

28. Which of these is the correct sequence of blood vessels associated with the nephron?
A. Renal artery, peritubular capillary, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, venule
B. Efferent arteriole, glomerulus, venule, afferent arteriole, collecting duct
C. Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary, venule
D. Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, peritubular capillary, efferent arteriole, venule
E. Venule, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary, glomerulus, afferent arteriole
From the dorsal aorta, the renal artery leads to many arterioles, one for each nephron. The arteriole, called an
afferent arteriole, divides to form a capillary bed, the glomerulus, where liquid exits and enters the glomerular
capsule. Blood from the glomerulus drains into an efferent arteriole, which subsequently branches into a second
capillary bed around the tubular parts of the nephron. This capillary bed, called the peritubular capillary
network, leads to venules that join to form the renal vein, a vessel that enters the inferior vena cava. See Figure
33.3C.

Figure: 33.03C
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

29. Which of the following is not part of the nephron?
B. Bowman capsule
C. Loop of Henle
D. The distal convoluted tubule
E. Glomerulus
The glomerulus is part of the blood vessels associated with the nephron, but is not part of the nephron.

Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

30. The glomerular (Bowman) capsule:

A. Returns material to the blood
B. Filters material from the blood
C. Makes urea
D. Contains urine in its final state
E. Engages in tubular secretion
Glomerular filtration is the function of the glomerular capsule. See Figure 33.4.

Figure: 33.04
Learning Outcome: 33.04.01 Describe the primary steps in urine formation.
Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

31. The ____________ transports urine down through the renal medulla and delivers it to the renal pelvis.
A. The loop of the nephron
B. The proximal convoluted tubule
C. The glomerular capsule
D. The collecting ducts
E. The distal convoluted tubule
Collecting ducts transport urine down through the renal medulla and deliver it to the renal pelvis.

Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

Mader - Chapter 33

32. This figure shows a nephron and its blood supply. What does "a" represent?
"a" represents the efferent arteriole. See Figure 33.3C.

Figure: 33.03C
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

33. This figure shows a nephron and its blood supply. What does "e" represent?
"e" represents the distal convoluted tubule. See Figure 33.3C.

Figure: 33.03C
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

34. This figure shows a nephron and its blood supply. What does "d" represent?
"d" represents the peritubular capillaries. See Figure 33.3C.

Figure: 33.03C
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

35. This figure shows a nephron and its blood supply. What does "c" represent?
"c" represents the proximal convoluted tubule. See Figure 33.3C.

Figure: 33.03C
Section: 33.03
Topic: Animals

36. (p. 33.04: Describe the primary steps in urine formation.) Which pair of terms is mismatched?
A. Tubular secretion: convoluted tubules
B. Tubular reabsorption: convoluted tubules
C. Tubular reabsorption: glomerular capsule
D. Glomerular filtration: glomerular capsule
E. Tubular secretion: peritubular capillary network
In tubular reabsorption, nutrient and salt molecules are actively reabsorbed from the convoluted tubules into the
peritubular capillary network, and water follows passively. The glomerular capsule is not involved in this
process; its primary function is glomerular filtration.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

37. Which mechanism used to form urine requires a high blood pressure?
A. Glomerular filtration
B. Tubular secretion
C. Tubular reabsorption
D. Countercurrent reabsorption
E. Glomerular reabsorption
Glomerular filtration is the movement of small molecules across the glomerular wall into the glomerular
capsule as a result of blood pressure. When blood enters the glomerulus, blood pressure is sufficient to cause
small molecules, such as water, nutrients, salts, and wastes, to move from the glomerulus to the inside of the
glomerular capsule.

Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

38. Normally, concentrations of metabolically important substances, such as glucose, are:
A. High in the glomerular filtrate but only a trace in urine
B. Low in glomerular filtrate but high in urine
C. High in glomerular filtrate and urine
D. Low in both glomerular filtrate and urine
E. Excluded from entering the excretory system altogether
Nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, return to the blood at the proximal convoluted tubule; thus, they are
not usually abundant in urine.

Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

39. The liquid that collects in the cavity of the glomerular (Bowman) capsule is:
A. Concentrated urine
B. Blood plasma minus proteins
C. Old bile ready for excretion
D. Glycogen and water
E. Albumin
Glomerular filtrate is essentially protein-free, but otherwise it has the same composition as blood plasma.

Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

40. Glucose is found in the glomerular filtrate but not in the urine because:
A. The kidneys store glucose as glycogen
B. The kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport
C. Glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream
D. Glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidneys
E. Glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron
Glucose is a molecule that ordinarily is reabsorbed completely into the bloodstream because there is a plentiful
supply of carrier molecules for it.

Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

41. How can urine contain a higher concentration of wastes (be hypertonic) than the blood?
A. Urine cannot since the process is passive diffusion
B. Reabsorption of water and salt in the loop of the nephron and collecting ducts leaves behind more
concentrated urine
C. All stages in the kidney involve active transport
D. Urine can be hypertonic for small molecules if it is hypotonic for an equal number of big molecules
E. The whole nephron is impermeable to water
The processes of tubular resabsorption and tubular secretion ensure that urine contains more waste molecules
than blood.

Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

42. The second way substances are removed from the blood and are added to the tubular fluid is:
A. Tubular reabsorption
B. Countercurrent secretion
C. Glomerular filtration
D. Pressure filtration
E. Tubular secretion
Tubular secretion is the second way substances are removed from blood and added to tubular fluid. Substances
such as uric acid, hydrogen ions, ammonia, creatinine, histamine, and penicillin are eliminated by tubular
secretion. The process of tubular secretion helps rid the body of potentially harmful compounds that were not
filtered into the glomerulus. See Figure 33.4.

Figure: 33.04
Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

43. Which of the following would be found in high concentrations in the urine of a diabetic?
A. Bile
B. Red blood cells
C. Glucose
D. Albumin
E. Lipids
If there is more glucose in the filtrate than there are carriers to handle it, glucose will exceed its renal threshold,
or transport maximum. When this happens, the excess glucose in the filtrate appears in the urine. People with
diabetes mellitus have an abnormally large amount of glucose in the blood and filtrate because the liver fails to
store glucose as glycogen.

Section: 33.04
Topic: Animals

44. The presence of ________ in the urine is an early indicator of chronic renal failure.
A. Glucose
B. Bile
C. White blood cells
D. Proteins
E. Lipids
Proteinuria, or protein in the urine, is an early indicator of chronic renal failure.

Section: 33B
Topic: Animals

45. The loop of of the nephron will exhibit:

A. Active release of sodium from the descending limb
B. Active release of sodium from the ascending limb
C. Passive release of sodium from the ascending limb
D. Water release from the ascending limb
E. Active transport of water
Salt passively diffuses out of the lower portion of the ascending limb of the loop of the nephron, but the upper,
thick portion of the limb actively extrudes NaCl into the tissue of the outer renal medulla. See Figure 33.5A.

Figure: 33.05A
Learning Outcome: 33.05.01 Describe how the mammalian kidney maintains the water-salt balance.
Section: 33.05
Topic: Animals

46. A biologist is studying the site in the nephron where most of the water and salt is reabsorbed back into the
bloodstream. Based on this information, you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?
B. The collecting ducts
D. The loop of Henle
E. The glomerulus
Along with nutrients, most of the water and salt (NaCl) present in the filtrate is reabsorbed across the wall of
the proximal convoluted tubule.

Section: 33.05
Topic: Animals

47. The hormone which is responsible for the reabsorption of water is:
A. Aldosterone
B. Renin
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Angiotensin I
E. Angiotensin II
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, plays a role in water
reabsorption at the collecting duct.

Section: 33.05
Topic: Animals

48. Which hormone from the adrenal cortex will cause the distal convoluted tubules to reabsorb more sodium
ions?
A. Renin
B. Angiosinogen
C. Angiotensin II
D. Antidiuretic hormone
E. Aldosterone
Aldosterone is a hormone that promotes the excretion of potassium ions (K+) and the reabsorption of sodium
ions (Na+) at the distal convoluted tubule. Aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex. See Figure 33.5B.

Figure: 33.05B
Section: 33.05
Topic: Animals

49. The overall effect of renin release will be to:

A. Lower blood pressure
B. Lower blood volume
C. Converts angiotensin II to angiotensin I
D. Increase blood pressure for homeostasis
E. Inhibit aldosterone secretion
Renin is an enzyme that changes angiotensinogen (a large plasma protein produced by the liver) into
angiotensin I. Later, angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates
the adrenal glands, which lie on top of the kidneys, to release aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone that
promotes the excretion of potassium ions (K+) and the reabsorption of sodium ions (Na+) at the distal
convoluted tubule. The reabsorption of sodium ions is followed by the reabsorption of water. Therefore, blood
volume and blood pressure increase. See Figure 33.5B.

Figure: 33.05B
Section: 33.05
Topic: Animals

50. If the blood is alkaline:
A. More hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are excreted
B. Less hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed
C. Less hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are excreted
D. The kidneys reabsorb increased amounts of water
E. The diet must be low in necessary acids
If the blood is basic, hydrogen ions are not excreted, and bicarbonate ions are not reabsorbed.

Learning Outcome: 33.06.01 Describe how the mammalian kidney works with the lungs to maintain the acid-base balance.
Section: 33.06
Topic: Animals

51. During hemodialysis, molecules diffuse across nonliving semipermeable tubing as needed to adjust the
blood levels of salts and nitrogenous wastes.
TRUE
Patients with renal failure can undergo hemodialysis, using an artificial kidney machine. Dialysis is defined as
the diffusion of dissolved molecules through a semipermeable natural or synthetic membrane. In an artificial
kidney machine, the patient’s blood passes through a membranous tube, which is in contact with a dialysis
solution, or dialysate.

Section: 33C
Topic: Animals

52. If you were a doctor and had a patient who was suffering from water intoxication (from drinking too much
water), which of the following treatments would you administer?
A. An intravenous intake of water
B. An intravenous intake of a high-sodium solution
C. An intravenous intake of atrial natriuretic hormone
D. An intravenous intake of antidiuretic hormone
E. An intravenous intake of renin
The kidneys will excrete salt from the body, and water will follow.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Section: 33.05
Topic: Animals

Chapter 33 Osmoregulation and Excretion Summary
# of Questio Category

ns
36 Blooms Level: 1. Remember
12 Blooms Level: 2. Understand
1 Blooms Level: 3. Apply
3 Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
6 Figure: 33.03A
3 Figure: 33.03B
6 Figure: 33.03C
2 Figure: 33.04
1 Figure: 33.05A
2 Figure: 33.05B
5 Learning Outcome: 33.01.01 Contrast the advantages of excreting ammonia. urea, or uric acid, and associate each with a particular
environment.
3 Learning Outcome: 33.02.01 Contrast the organs of excretion in planarians, earthworms, and arthropods.
18 Learning Outcome: 33.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the human urinary system.
9 Learning Outcome: 33.04.01 Describe the primary steps in urine formation.
6 Learning Outcome: 33.05.01 Describe how the mammalian kidney maintains the water-salt balance.
1 Learning Outcome: 33.06.01 Describe how the mammalian kidney works with the lungs to maintain the acid-base balance.
54 Mader - Chapter 33
5 Section: 33.01
3 Section: 33.02
18 Section: 33.03
9 Section: 33.04
6 Section: 33.05
1 Section: 33.06
5 Section: 33A
1 Section: 33B
1 Section: 33C
52 Topic: Animals

Chapter 33 Osmoregulation A

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 33 Osmoregulation A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 33 Osmoregulation and Excretion

6. Which of the following organisms excretes urea?

26. The functional unit of excretion found in the kidneys is the:

30. The glomerular (Bowman) capsule:

36. Which pair of terms is mismatched?

38. Normally, concentrations of metabolically important substances, such as glucose, are:

45. The loop of of the nephron will exhibit:

49. The overall effect of renin release will be to:

50. If the blood is alkaline:

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Uric acid is routinely excreted by insects, reptiles, and birds.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

15. What happens if humans drink sea water?

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

"b" represents a ureter. See Figure 33.3A.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

"d" represents the urethra. See Figure 33.3A.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

"a" represents a kidney. See Figure 33.3A.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

"c" represents the urinary bladder. See Figure 33.3A.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

The renal cortex is the outer region of a kidney

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

26. The functional unit of excretion found in the kidneys is the:

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

30. The glomerular (Bowman) capsule:

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

"a" represents the efferent arteriole. See Figure 33.3C.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

"e" represents the distal convoluted tubule. See Figure 33.3C.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

"d" represents the peritubular capillaries. See Figure 33.3C.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

"c" represents the proximal convoluted tubule. See Figure 33.3C.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Blooms Level: 1. Remember