Chapter9InternalFluidsandRespiration

Chapter 9
Internal Fluids and Respiration

MultipleChoiceQuestions

1.Inmulticellularanimals,bodyfluidsaredividedintotwomainphases,
a.Bloodplasmaandinterstitialfluid
b.Bloodplasmaandlymph
c.Bloodstreamanddigestivefluids
d.Bloodstreamandcerebrospinalfluids
E.Intracellularandextracellular

2.Extracellularfluidissubdividedinto
A.Bloodplasmaandinterstitialfluid
b.Bloodplasmaandlymph
c.Bloodstreamanddigestivefluids
d.Bloodstreamandcerebrospinalfluids
e.Intracellularandextracellular

3.Interstitialfluidisconstantlyformedby
a.Thelymphaticsystemproducingit
B.Lightweightelementsinthebloodplasmafilteredthroughcapillarywalls
c.Absorptionacrossthegutlining
d.Absorptionacrossthelungsurface
e.Reabsorptioninthekidneytubules

4.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
a.Bloodplasmafewerlargeproteinmolecules
B.Interstitialspacesthreetimesmorewaterthanbloodstream
c.Intracellularsodium,chloride,andbicarbonateions
d.Extracellularpotassium,magnesium,andphosphateions
e.Bloodplasmahalfofthebody'swater

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5.Bloodinvertebratesconstitutes
a.Anorgan
b.Anorgansystem
C.Atissue
d.Acellassemblage
e.Merelyafluidmatrix

6.WhichofthefollowingassociationsofbloodcomponentsandfunctionsisNOTcorrect?
a.Albuminlargeproteinthatmaintainsosmoticbalance
b.Serumplasmaminustheproteinsinvolvedinclotting
c.Fibrinogenlargeproteinforbloodclotting
d.Erythrocytesredbloodcells
E.Globulinscarriersofsimplesugars

7.Whichstatementofredbloodcell(RBC)structureorfunctionisNOTcorrect?
A.Inmammalsandbirds,RBCscontinuouslyformfromerythroblastsintheredbone
marrow
b.MammalRBCsdonotlosetheirnucleuswhentheymature
c.Over90%ofthecellbyweightishemoglobin
d.ThecompletelyflatshapeofRBCsprovidesgreatersurfaceareaforosmosis
e.TheaveragelifeofanRBCisseveralyearsafterwhichitscomponentsaresalvagedbythe
liver

8.Abloodclotisformedbyafibrinmeshworkinareactionthatiscatalyzedbytheenzyme
a.Plateletfactor
b.Prothrombin
C.Thrombin
d.Fibrinogen
e.Fibrinase

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9.Platelets
a.Arespecializedredbloodcells
b.Carrythebloodtypeprotein
C.Initiateclottingbyreleasingthromboplastin
d.Transportcarbondioxideintheblood
e.Areresponsibleforthebuildupofplaquesonarterywalls

10.Thelong,insolublethreadsoffibrinofabloodclotoriginatedfrom
A.Fibrinogen
b.Thrombin
c.Collagen
d.Prothrombin
e.Platelets

11.____________carrybloodawayfromtheheart.
a.Capillaries
b.Venules
c.Veins
D.Arteries
e.Lymphvessels

12.The____________isinvolvedwithpumpingbloodtoandfromthelungs.
a.Systemiccircuit
b.Internalrespirationcircuit
c.Hepaticcircuit
D.Pulmonarycircuit
e.Renalcircuit

13.Thesystemiccircuitultimatelycirculatesbloodfromthe
a.Rightventricletoleftatrium
b.Leftventricletoleftatrium
c.Rightventricletorightatrium
D.Leftventricletorightatrium
e.Pulmonaryarterytothelungs

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14.Thepulmonarysemilunarvalvespreventthebackflowofbloodintothe
a.Rightatrium
b.Leftatrium
C.Ventricles
d.Aorticarch
e.Pulmonarytrunk

15.Oxygenatedbloodenterstheheartatthe
A.Leftatrium
b.Leftventricle
c.Rightatrium
d.Rightventricle
e.Noneofthechoicesarecorrect

16.Contractionoftherightventricleforcesbloodinitiallyintothe
a.Leftatrium
b.Rightatrium
c.Aorta
d.Pulmonaryvein
E.Pulmonaryartery

17.Inthetetrapodheart,thepacemakerisinthe
a.Atrioventricularbundle
b.Purkinjefibers
c.Vagusnerves
d.Cardiaccontrolcenter
E.Sinoatrial(SA)node

18.Theheartbeatrateiscontrolledbythecardiaccenterlocatedinthe
a.Cerebellum
B.Medulla
c.Cerebrum
d.Midbrain
e.Heartwall

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19.Insomeinvertebrates,ifwecutthenervesleadingtotheheartandtheheartstopsbeating,
theheartisconsidered
a.Anopensystem
b.Myogenic
C.Neurogenic
d.Adeferredpacemaker
e.Asynchronous

20.Thebloodvesselthatprovidesoxygentothehearttissueisthe
a.Pulmonaryartery
B.Coronaryartery
c.Leftcarotidartery
d.Renalartery
e.Leftsubclavianartery

21.Ifapersonhasabloodpressureof110/60,the"110"referstothe
a.Diastolicpressure
B.Systolicpressure
c.Pulsepressure
d.Capillarypressure
e.Venouspressure

22.Theexchangeofnutrients,oxygen,andwastes(includingcarbondioxide)takesplace
acrossthewallsofthe
a.Lymphvessels
b.Arteries
C.Capillaries
d.Veins
e.Lymphaticvessels

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23.Whichbloodvesselswillhavewallsonlyonecellthick?
A.Capillaries
b.Venules
c.Veins
d.Arterioles
e.Arteries

24.Opposingthebloodhydrostaticpressurethatforceswateracrosscapillariesisthe
a.Cellularhydrostaticpressure
b.Albuminconcentrationgradient
C.Colloidosmoticpressure
d.Lymphatichydrostaticpressure
e.Lawofcoupledbalancedflow

25.Thelymphaticsystemdrainslymphbackintothe
a.Largeintestine
b.Heart
c.Venacava
d.Veinsoftheliver
E.Veinsofthelowerneck

26.Specializedtubulesininsectsthatmakedirectcontactwiththetissuestoprovideoxygen
andremovecarbondioxidearecalled
a.Dermalbranchiae
B.Tracheae
c.Gills
d.Lungs
e.Branchialtufts

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27.Adungbeetlejourneysintoaballofdungtolayeggs.Toavoidbeingpoisonedbythe
noxiousgases,itclosesits
a.Papulae
b.Branchialtufts
c.Booklungs
d.Bronchi
E.Spiracles

28.WhichassociationisNOTcorrect?
a.Pleuralungandchestepithelium
b.Tracheawindpipe
c.Alveoligasexchange
D.Esophagusvocalcords
e.Nasalinhalation

29.Amammalismaskedandmustbreatheintoandoutofthesameballoonoverandover
again.
A.Itsbreathingratewouldincreaseinresponsetomorecarbondioxide
b.Itsbreathingratewouldincreaseinresponsetolessoxygenintheblood
c.Itsbreathingratewouldslowdownasitsuffocated
d.Itisnotpossibletopredictsincebreathingrateiscontrolledconsciouslyinmammals
e.Noneofthechoicesarecorrect

30.Atsealevel,airpressureis760mmofmercury(Hg).Ifwealteredtheoxygencontentina
hospitalroomto30%oxygenand70%nitrogen,thepartialpressureofoxygenwouldbe
a.70%30%=40%
B.760x30%=228mmHg
c.760x40%=304mmHg
d.760x70%=532mmHg
e.Thereisnotenoughinformationtocalculateit

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31.Oxygeniscarriedincirculationprimarily
a.Asadissolvedgasintheplasma
b.Ascarbonicacid
C.Boundtohemoglobinintheredbloodcells
d.Bywhitebloodcells
e.Noneofthechoicesarecorrect

32.Abouttwothirdsofourwastecarbondioxideiscarriedbacktothelungsinhigher
animalsby
a.Redbloodcellsontheemptyhemes
B.Dissolvedinbloodplasmaasbicarbonateandhydrogenions
c.Dissolvedinlymphinlymphducts
d.Onmyoglobins
e.Noneofthechoicesarecorrect

33.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTserveasarespiratorypigment?
a.Hemoglobin
b.Hemocyanin
c.Chlorocruorin
d.Hemerythrin
E.Allofthechoicesarecorrect

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