MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY [Pre-Finals]
Lesson 12: Intellectual Property,
Copyright, and Fair Use
Intellectual Property (IP)
- refers to creations of the mind
- inventions; literary and artistic works; designs;
and symbols; names; and images used in
commerce. (WIPO)
- protected in law by, for example, patents,
copyright and trademarks, which enable people
to earn recognition or financial benefit from
what they invent or create.
World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO)
- global forum for intellectual property services,
policy, information, and cooperation.
- a UN agency responsible for treaties involving
copyright, patent, and trademark laws.
– IP in the Philippines –
IPOPHIL
- the government agency mandated to
administer and implement State policies on
intellectual property (IP) to strengthen the
protection of IP rights in the country.
(RA 8293)
- an Act prescribing the Intellectual Property
Code and establishing the Intellectual Property
Office, providing for its powers and function,
and for other purposes.
– Types of IP Rights –
1.) Copyright
- is a legal term used to describe the rights that
creators have over their literary and artistic
works.
- works covered range from books, music,
paintings, sculptures and films, to comp progs,
databases, advertisements, maps and technical
drawings.
Validity Period of Copyrights
● Literary Works - During the lifetime of
the author plus 50 years after death.
● Art - 25 years from the date of creation
● Photographic Work - 50 years from
publication
● Audio-Visual Work - 50 years from
publication
● Sound Recording - 50 years from year
recording took place
● Broadcast Recording - 20 years from
date of broadcast
2.) Patent
- is an exclusive right granted for an invention. This
provides the patent owner with the right to decide
how–or whether–-the invention can be used by
others.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY [Pre-Finals]
Validity Period of Patent 5.) Geographical Design
- geographical indications and appellations of
● Invention Patent - valid for 20 years origin are signs used on goods that have a
from filing date application specific geographical origin and possess qualities,
a reputation or characteristics that are essentially
3.) Trademark attributable to that place of origin.
- is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or
services of one enterprise from those of other
enterprises.
- “TM“ means the owner of the mark has
common law rights even though the mark has
not been registered.
- The “R” is only used for marks that have been
granted registration

Jams -> Baguio -> Ay Baguio? Masarap ‘yan

Validity Period of Trademark

Sapatos -> Marikina -> Sa Marikina gawa? Ay
● Trademark - Valid for 10 years and may matibay ‘yan! Maganda ‘yan!
be renewed for periods of 10 years.
– Fair Use System –
4.) Industrial Design
- constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect Fair Use System
of an article - Fair use means you can use copyrighted
- may consist of three-dimensional features, material without a license only for certain
such as the shape or surface of an article, or of purposes.
two-dimensional features, such as patterns, - These include:
lines, or color. ● Commentary
● Criticism
● Reporting
● Research
● Teaching
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY [Pre-Finals]

Lesson 13: Text Information and
Media
– Text –
Text
- a simple and flexible format of presenting
information or conveying ideas whether
hand-written, printed, or displayed on-screen.
- any “human-readable sequence of characters”
that can form intelligible words.
– Characteristics of Text –
1.) Text is Powerful.
- It disseminates information, providing
direction and giving suggestions.
5.) Text can be for producers.
- As a producer of text media and information,
we need to review the media and information
design framework: target, audience, author or
sender, key content, purpose, form/style, and
format.
– Three Types of text –
1.) Hypertext
- serve to link different electronic documents
and enable users to jump from one to other in a
nonlinear way.
Hypertext v.s. Hyperlink
OLOPSC SHS FB - is a hypertext that will bring
you to OLOPSC’s SHS FB page.

2.) Text can be short or lengthy. https://www.facebook.com/olopsc.shs - is a

- No matter how brief or lengthy, however, a hyperlink that will bring you to OLOPSC’s SHS
text is always carefully written with the intent of FB page.
sending a very specific message to the target
audience. 2.) Plain Text
- unformatted text
3.) Text can be formal or informal. - are fixed-sized characters having essentially
a. Formal text-based materials are the same type of appearance.
created and distributed by established - examples are like coding and commands
institutions and go through a rigorous
process of editing or evaluation and are
usually governed by censorship of the
state.

b. Informal text-based materials come

from personal opinion or views on
different issues, processes, etc.
3.) Formatted Text
4.) Text can be for consumers.
- appearance can be changed using font
- As a consumer, these are the questions that
parameters (bold, underline, italic, font size, font
you need to ask with regards to the content of
color, etc.)
text media and information:
● Who or what institution is sending this
message?
● What techniques are used to attract and
hold attention
● What is the language used by the writer?
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY [Pre-Finals]
– Typography –

Typography
2.) SANS SERIF
- ‘Sans’ is a French word that means ‘without.’
- bridges the balance between the appearance
- are called this way since they do not have the
of the project and the voice behind it.
strokes found in serif fonts.
- there is a visual language and a verbal
- casual/informal and modern look.
language in typographic art.
- more commonly used in on-screen texts and is
more easily recognized by readers.
– Typeface and Fonts –
- more commonly used in website, children’s
books, posters, and announcements.

3.) Script
- is characterized by beautiful curves and stroke
weights that evoke elegance.
- imitates the handwritten letter form and is
typically seen on greeting cards, wedding
invitations, and name art.

Typeface
- is the name of a specific collection of related
fonts.
4.)
Font
- is particular weight, width, and style within a
typeface.
- frequently reflect an aspect of culture – such
as tattoos or graffiti; or evoke a particular state
of mind, time, period, or theme.
- are popular for signage, headlines, and similar
situations where a strong typographic
statement is desired.

– Rules in Effective Typography –

1.) Pairing
– Typeface Classification – - mixing typefaces of different classification
works wonders in creating stunning typography.
1.) SERIF
- with stroke
- is a short line at the beginning and the end of
strokes.
- can have different shapes: hairline,
square/slab, wedge.
- serif fonts convey a traditional look and makes
text look formal and legible.
- commonly used in textbooks, newspapers,
letters, magazines, company logos, etc.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY [Pre-Finals]
2.) Emphasis
- this gives your readers something to focus on.
This is usually achieved via contrast.
3.) Spacing
- spaces are very essential in setting up the
balance and legibility of the text
- it is important to consider proper spacing to
achieve a more aesthetic look.
– Common Text File Formats –
1.) .txt
- unformatted text document by an editor as
notepad on the Windows platform.
- they store plain text, are lightning fast to open,
save and store, and are used by programmers to
write and store source code.
2.) .rtf
- RTFs are leveled up from TXT files and are
similar to regular word processing documents.
- easy to open, just like TXT files.
3.) .doc/.docx
- a native format for storing documents created
by MS Word package that contain a rich set of
formatting capabilities.
- have every conceivable editing feature you’ll
need but they're harder to open.
4.) .ps
- PostScript
- is a page description language – a
programming language, much like those that
software engineers use to build applications.