THE GLOBAL

CITY
By: Ms. Sarah
 Why study global cities?
OUTLINE • Globalization and Cities
• Examples
Defining the Global City
• Saskia Sassen’s Definition
Indicators for Globality
• Cosmopolitanism
• Economic Power
• Centers of Authority
• Higher Learning and Culture
The Challenges of Global Cities
• Increase Pollution
• Increase in Carbon Emissions
• Increase of Violence
The Global City and the Poor
• Gentrification

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 WHY STUDY
GLOBAL CITIES?
• Globalization is a spatial phenomenon,
meaning it literally happens in physical
spaces.
• It occurs in cities, therefore, cities help
facilitate the process of globalization.
• Examples:
• Los Angeles, the birthplace of Hollywood,
produces films for worldwide distribution.
• The main headquarters of Sony is in Tokyo,
and from there, the company coordinates the
sale of its various electronic goods to
branches across the world.
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 Why study global cities?
OUTLINE • Globalization and Cities
• Examples
Defining the Global City
• Saskia Sassen’s Definition
Indicators for Globality
• Cosmopolitanism
• Economic Power
• Centers of Authority
• Higher Learning and Culture
The Challenges of Global Cities
• Increase Pollution
• Increase in Carbon Emissions
• Increase of Violence
The Global City and the Poor
• Gentrification

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 DEFINING THE
GLOBAL CITY

• In the 1990s, sociologist Saskia Sassen popularized

the concept “Global City”.
• Her definition of a global city was mostly based on
economic factors.
• She identified three (3) major cities which she
considered as global cities:
• New York – New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
• London – Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE)
• Tokyo - Nikkei

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However, there are still so
many countries which also
competes when it comes to
economic process and as a
result, defining a global city
might be difficult. So rather
than asking whether or not
a city is a global city, it is
more appropriate to ask:

HOW AND TO WHAT

EXTENT ARE CITIES
GLOBAL?
 Why study global cities?
OUTLINE • Globalization and Cities
• Examples
Defining the Global City
• Saskia Sassen’s Definition
Indicators for Globality
• Cosmopolitanism
• Economic Power
• Centers of Authority
• Higher Learning and Culture
The Challenges of Global Cities
• Increase Pollution
• Increase in Carbon Emissions
• Increase of Violence
The Global City and the Poor
• Gentrification

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 INDICATORS OF
GLOBALITY
• We can say that a city has an indicator of being global when
the events happened within a city are based on the
phenomenon of Cosmopolitanism.
• Cosmopolitanism – is a phenomenon in which large, diverse
cities attracting people, material and cultural products from
all over the world. To specifically discuss the characteristics,
here are the three (3) major indicators of globality:
• Economic Power
• Centers of Authority
• Centers of Higher Learning and Culture

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 Economic Power Centers of Higher Learning and Culture
- New York may have the largest stock market in the -One of the reasons for the many tourists visiting
world, but Tokyo houses the most number of corporate Boston is because they want to see Harvard University
headquarters in the world by having 613 company – the world’s top university.
headquarters as compared to 217 in New York.
-Rome’s culture and religion
- Shanghai plays a critical role in the global economic
supply ever since China has become the manufacturing
center of the world. It has the world’s busiest container
port, moving over 33 million container units in 2013.

-Washington D.C. may not be as wealthy as New York,

but it is the seat of American state power, known for its
major landmarks such as White House, Supreme Court,
and The Capitol Building (Congress).
-Jakarta is also the location of the main headquarters of
the ASEAN.
-New York, the location of UN headquarters.

Centers of Authority
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 Why study global cities?
OUTLINE • Globalization and Cities
• Examples
Defining the Global City
• Saskia Sassen’s Definition
Indicators for Globality
• Cosmopolitanism
• Economic Power
• Centers of Authority
• Higher Learning and Culture
The Challenges of Global Cities
• Increase Pollution
• Increase in Carbon Emissions
• Increase of Violence
The Global City and the Poor
• Gentrification

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 Energy Consumption (2% landmass – 78% Energy)
Increase Pollution (Los Angeles – Smog)

Increase of Violence
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 Why study global cities?
OUTLINE • Globalization and Cities
• Examples
Defining the Global City
• Saskia Sassen’s Definition
Indicators for Globality
• Cosmopolitanism
• Economic Power
• Centers of Authority
• Higher Learning and Culture
The Challenges of Global Cities
• Increase Pollution
• Increase in Carbon Emissions
• Increase of Violence
The Global City and the Poor
• Gentrification

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THE GLOBAL CITY AND
THE POOR

Gentrification – is the process

of displacing the poor in favor
of newer, wealthier
residents. As a city attracts
more capital and wealthier
residents, real estate values
rise, forcing impoverished
people to transfer to less
expensive locations.
 THANK YOU

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