GLOBALIZATION

AN INTRODUCTION

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LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
• TO KNOW AND UNDERSTAND THE
CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION
• TO ARTICULATE THE COMPLEXITIES
OF GLOBALIZATION AS A
PHENOMENON
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 BRIEF HISTORY

• INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS HAS EXISTED SINCE PREHISTORY WHEN GOODS ARE TRADED
ACROSS GREAT DISTANCES.
• MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES BEGAN SOME TIME IN 19TH CENTURY.
• AFTER WORLD WAR II, THE UNITED STATES WAS THE ONLY MAJOR COUNTRY THAT HAD NOT
BEEN HEAVILY DEVASTATED BY THE WAR. THE SIZE OF ITS ECONOMY DOUBLED DURING THE
WAR AND IT DOMINATED THE WORLD ECONOMICALLY, POLITICALLY AND MILITARILY.
AMERICAN-OWNED MULTINATIONAL GENERALLY VIEW THE REST OF THE WORLD AS A
SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS, CHEAP LABOR AND SUPPLEMENTAL MARKETS.

ECarilla | LPU Cavite College of Arts and Sciences

DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION
•It is usually related to
global management
and market integration.

ECarilla | LPU Cavite College of Arts and Sciences

DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION
• In the context of economics, it
is defined as the recognition
of organizations that business
must have a GLOBAL, not
local focus.

ECarilla | LPU Cavite College of Arts and Sciences

DEFINING • It refers to the unprecedented
GLOBALIZATION
scope, shape, number and
complexity of business
relationship conducted across
international boundaries.

ECarilla | LPU Cavite College of Arts and Sciences

DEFINING • Accordingly, the phenomenon of
GLOBALIZATION
globalization is composed of
three interrelated factors:
▪ proximity
▪ location
▪ attitude

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 FACTORS AFFECTING GLOBALIZATION
PROXIMITY LOCATION ATTITUDE

“shrinking across
globe” boundaries Nothing is
‘overseas’
Transnational
equidistant management anymore.
ECarilla | LPU Cavite College of Arts and Sciences
DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION
• It refers to a new
perspective, or attitude,
about relationships with
other people in other
nations.

ECarilla | LPU Cavite College of Arts and Sciences

 DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
• ACCORDING TO MANFRED STEGER (2003), GLOBALIZATION IS THE EXPANSION AND
INTENSIFICATION OF SOCIAL RELATIONS AND CONSCIOUSNESS ACROSS WORLD-
TIME AND WORLD SPACE.

creation of new social networks and the

Expansion multiplication of existing connections that
cut across traditional political, economic,
cultural and geographic boundaries

the expansion, stretching and acceleration

Intensification of these networks

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 DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION IS ALSO DEFINED
AS THE PROCESS THROUGH
WHICH AN INCREASINGLY FLOW
OF IDEAS, PEOPLE, GOODS,
SERVICES, TECHNOLOGY AND
CAPITAL LEADS TO THE
INTEGRATION OF ECONOMICS
AND SOCIETIES AT A SPEED
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UNPRECEDENTED IN EFFECT AND
OUTCOMES.
 GLOBALIZATION VS GLOBALISM

Globalization represents
the many processes that
allow for the expansion Globalism is a widespread
and intensification of belief among powerful
global connections people that the global
integration of economic
markets is beneficial for
everyone.
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 MULTIPLE GLOBALIZATIONS

ETHNOSCAPE TECHNOSCAPE FINANCESCAPE

Global movement of Circulation of Global circulation of
people mechanical goods money
and software

MEDIASCAPE IDEOSCAPE
Flow of culture Political ideas move
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around

9
 IN SUMMARY

GLOBALIZATION IS …
• A COMPLEX PHENOMENON THAT OCCURS IN
MULTIPLE LEVELS.
• AN UNEVEN PROCESS THAT AFFECTS PEOPLE
DIFFERENTLY.
ECarilla | LPU Cavite College of Arts and Sciences