D-2

SHAFTS
Definitions:

Shaft – a rotating member transmitting power

Axle – a stationary member carrying rotating wheels, pulleys, etc

Spindle – a short shaft or axle on machines

Machine Shaft – shaft which is used to transmit power between the source and the machine
absorbing the power

Lineshaft or Mainshaft – transmission shaft driven by the prime mover

Countershaft, jackshaft, headshaft, shortshaft – transmission shaft intermediate between the

lineshaft and the driven shaft
 D-3
Shafting design diagram

1 9 5 11 3 13 7 15 3 7 11 15
Commercial Sizes of shaft, inches (Faires p. 269; Vallance p. 181)
, , , , , , , ,1 ,1 ,1 ,1
2 16 8 16 4 16 8 16 16 16 16 16
3 7 15 7 15 7 15
2,2 , 2 , 2 , 3,3 , 3 , 4,4 , 4 , 5,
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
7 15 1
5 , 5 , 6,6 , 7
16 16 2

Materials for Transmission shaft: cold rolled, hot rolled, forged carbon steel

Relation of Power, Torque and Speed

P = 2πTN

Where:
P = power transmitted (kw)
 T = torque or torsional moment (kN-m) = F x r
N = speed (rev/sec)
F = transmitted load or tangential force (kN)
R = radius (m)
D-4

 
Stresses in Shafts, Subject to torsion only:
=  = ( )
 

= ! ("# #$ %$ ℎ"')


16(#
= "# ℎ#$$#, %$ ℎ"'
)((#* − ( * )

32-
Stresses in Shafts, subjects to pure bending:
= "# #$ %$ ℎ"'
)(.
16-(#
= "# ℎ#$$#, %$ ℎ"'
)((#* − ( * )

Where:
Ss = torsional shear stress
T = torque or torsional moment
C =distance from neutral axis to the outermost fiber
= radius (for solid circular shaft)
J = polar moment of inertia

=(π/32)D^4 for circular shaft

= (π/32)(Do^4-Di^4) for hollow circular shaft

D = diameter of shaft
L = length of shaft
Θ = angular deformation in length L, radians
G = modulus of rigidity in shear
= 11 500 000 psi to 12 000 000 psi for steel
Do = outside diameter
Di = inside diameter
M = bending moment

Stresses in Solid circular shaft, Subject to torsion in bending

16
/0 = 1- 2 +  2
)(.
16
'/0 = (- + 1-2 +  2 )
)(.

Where:
Ssmax = maximum shear stress
St max = maximum tensile or compressive stress
M =bending moment
T = torsional moment
D-5
Strength of Shaft with assumed allowable stresses (PSME Code p.18)

For Main Power transmitting shafts:

(. 5 ! 804
4= # ( = 7
80 5
For Lineshafts carrying pulleys:
(. 5 ! 53.54
4= # ( = 7
53.5 5

For Small, Short shafts:

(. 5 ! 384
4= # ( = 7
38 5
Where:
P = power transmitted in HP
D = diameter of shaft in inches
\N = speed in RPM

Shafting formulas from machinery’s handbook

Diameter of shaft:
A. for allowable twist not exceeding 0.08 deg per ft length
: ;4
( = 0.29√ # ( = 4.6 7
:

5
Where:
D = shaft diameter, inches
T = torque, lb-in
HP = horsepower
N = speed, rpm
In S.I units (allowable twist 0.26 deg per meter length)
4
( = 125.7 7
:
( = 2.26√ #
:

5
Where:
D = shaft diameter, mm
T = torque, N-mm
HP = Power kW
N = speed, rpm
B. for allowable twist not exceeding 1 deg per20D length
: ;4
( = 0.1√ # ( = 4.0 7
:

5
D-6
Where:
D = shaft diameter, inches
T = torque, lb-in
HP = horsepower
N = speed, rpm

C. For short, solid shaft subjected only to heavy transverse shear

1.7<
(=7

Where:
V = maximum transverse shearing loads, lbs
Ss = maximum torsional shearing stress, lb/sq. in

Linear Deflection of shafting

For steel lineshafting, it is considered good practice to limit the linear deflection to a maximum
of 0.010 inch per foot length

Maximum Distance:

A. For shafting subjected to no bending action except its own weight:

 = 8.95 1(2
!

B. For shafting subjected to bending action pulleys, etc.

 = 5.2 1(2
!

Where:
L = maximum distance between bearings, ft
D = diameter of shaft, inches

Note:
1. Pulleys should be placed as close to the bearings as possible
2. In general, shafting up to three inches in diameter is almost always made from cold-rolled
steel
 D-7
SOLVED PROBLEMS

1. What power would a spindle 55 mm in diameter transmit at 480 rpm. Stress allowed for short
shaft is 59 MPa (ME Bd. Apr 97)
A. 42.12 kW C. 96.88 kW
B. 50.61 kW D. 39.21 kW

16
Solution:
=
)(.
16
59 =
)(55).
T = 1 927 390 N-mm = 1.92739 kN-m
P = 2πTN = 2π(1.92739)(480/60) = 96.88 kW

2. Determine the torque received by the motor shaft running at 4250 rpm, transmitting 11 H,
through a 10 in diameter, 20° involute gear. The shaft is supported by ball bearing at both ends
and the gear is fixed at the middle of 8 in shaft length. (ME Bd. Apr 97)
A. 163 in-lb C. 132 in-lb
B. 167 in-lb D. 136 in-lb

Solution:
P = 2πTN
11(33000) = 2πT(4250)
T = 13.594 ft-lb = 163.128 in-lb

3. Compute the lineshaft diameter to transmit 12 HP at 180 rpm with torsional deflection of 0.08
degree per foot length. (ME Bd. Oct 96)
A. 3 in C. 2.35 in
B. 5 cm D. 62 mm

Solution:

P = 2πTN
12(33000) = 2πT(180)
T = 350.14 ft-lb = 4201.68 in-lbs

L= 1 ft = 12 in
 )
D-8
 = = > (* "# #$ %$ ℎ"'
32

G = 12 000 000 psi for steel
=

) 4201.68(12)
0.08 = >= )
180 =32> (* (12,000,000)
D = 2.35 in

5. Compute the nominal shear stress at the surface in MPa for a 40 mm diameter shaft that
transmit 750 kw at 1500 rpm. Axial and bending loads are assumed negligible. Torsional
shearing stress is 28 MPa
A. 218 C. 232
B. 312 D. 380

Solution:
P = 2πTN
750 = 2πT(1500/60)

16 16
T = 4.775 kN-m
= =
)( . )(0.040).
Ss = 379 982 kPa = 380 MPa

6. A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m and an outer diameter of 0.06 m. Compute
for the torque if the shear stress is not to exceed 120 MPa in N-m (ME Bd. Oct 95)
A. 4500 C. 4300
B. 4100 D. 4150

Solution:
 ?
= ( ?: @ A : )
16(0.06)
120,000,000 = B = CDEE F − G
)(0.06* − 0.035* )

7. Design the size of a solid steel shaft to be used for a 500 hp, 250 rpm application if the
allowable torsional deflection is 1° and the allowable stress is 10,000 psi and modulus of rigidity
is 13 x 10^6 psi (ME Bd. Oct 95)
A. 5 in dia C. 4 7/8 in dia
B. 4 5/8 in dia D. 4 ¾ in dia

Solution:
Solving for the shaft diameter D based on stress:
P = 2πTN
500(33,000) = 2πT(250)
T = 10,504.226 ft-lb = 126,051 in-lb

16
D-9
=
)(.
16(126.051
10,000 =
)(.
D = 4 in

Solving for the shaft diameter D based on torsional deflection:

The shaft length is not given. The common practice for torsional deflection is 1° per 20D

Θ = 1° x (180/π) rad
T = 126,051 in-lbs
L = 20D
J = (π/32)D^4
G = 13,000,000 psi
H
 = IJ
 2,LM2L
1.0(KL) = N
= >( : )(.,LLL,LLL)
!O
D = 4.85 in
Therefore: use D = 4 7/8 in

8. A 2 in solid shaft is driven by a 36 in gear and transmits power at 120 rpm. If allowable
shearing stress is 12 ksi, what horsepower can be transmitted? (ME Bd. Oct 95)
A. 29.89 C. 39.89
B. 35.89 D. 34.89

Solution:

= !

12,000 = (2)!
T = 18,850 in-lbs = 1,570.8 ft-lbs
P = 2πTN = 2π(1570.8)(120/60)(hp/550) = 35.89 HP

9. A short 61 mm shaft transmit 120 HP. Compute the linear speed of a pulley 55 cm mounted on
the shaft. (ME Bd. Oct 95)
A. 1796 fpm C. 1856 fpm
B. 1766 fpm D. 2106 fpm

Solution:
For short shaft (PSME Code)
D = 61 mm = 2.4 in
!P
4=
.K
(2.*)! P
120 = 5 = 330Q/
.K
D-10
V = πDN = π(0.55 x 3.28)(3.28)(330) = 1870 ft/min

10. A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m and outer diameter of 0.06 m. determine the
polar moment of inertia of the hollow shaft (ME Bd Oct 95)
A. 1.512 x 10-6 m4 C. 1.152 x 10-6 m4
-6 4
B. 1.215 x 10 m D. 1.125 x 10-6 m4

) )
Solution:
= ((#* − ( * ) = (0.06* − 0.035* ) = R. RSDT RE@U VC
32 32

11. Compute the speed of the gear mounted on a 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a
driving motor with 250 HP. (ME Bd. Apr 95)
A. 2185 RPM C. 2265 RPM
B. 2071 RPM D. 2341 RPM

Solution:

From PSME CODE:

!P
4= KL
52.5 .
( ) 5
250 = 25.4
80
N = 2265 RPM

11. A 3 in diameter short shaft carrying two pulleys close to the bearings transmits how much
horsepower if the shaft makes 280 RPM? (ME Bd. Apr 95)
A. 199 HP C. 200 HP
B. 198 HP D. 210 HP

Solution:
From PSME CODE:
(. 5 (3). 280
4= = = RWW XY
38 38

12. A rectangular key was used in a pulley connected to a lineshaft with a power of 7.46 kw at a
speed of 1200 rpm. If the shearing stress of the shaft and key are 30 MPa and 240 MPa,
respectively. What is the diameter of the shaft? (ME Bd. Oct 2006)
A. 11.6 mm C. 21.6 mm
B. 15.6 mm D. 32.2 mm
Solution:
P = 2πTN
7.46 = 2πT(1200/60) T = 0.059365 kN-m = 59,365 N-mm

= !


16(59,365)
D-11
30 = ( = SR. U GG
)(.

13. Determine the torque received by the motor shaft running at 4250 rpm, transmiting 11 hp,
through a 10 in diameter, 20° incolute gear. The shaft is supported by ball bearings at both ends
and the gear is fixed at the middle of 8 in shaft length (ME Bd Apr 2006)
A. 163 in-lb C.132 in-lb
B. 167 in-lb D. 138 in-lb

Solution:

P = 2πTN
11(33,000) = 2πT(4250)
T = 13.594 ft-lb = 163.128 in-lb

14. Compute for the diameter in inches of a conveyor head pulley SAE 4130 solid steel shaft
being driven by a 11HP drive motor through a gear reduces with 180 rpm output, the torsional
deflection is 0.08 degree/foot of shaft length. (ME Bd, Apr 2006)

Solution:
P = 2πTN
11(33,000) = 2πT(180)
T = 321 ft-lbs = 3852 in-lbs
H
 = IJ
 .KM2(2)
0.08( )= N
KL = >( : )(,MLL,LLL)
!O
D = 2.327 in, say 2 3/8 inches pulley

15. The power that can be transmitted by a spindle of 55 mm diameter running at 1200 rpm and
allowable stress of 5 MPa is equal to : (ME Bd Apr 2006)
A. 10.3 kw C. 23 kw
B. 20.5 kw D. 35.2 kw

Solution:

= !
16
5000 =
)(0.055).
T = 0.16334 KN-m
 D-12
P = 2πTN = 2π(0.16334)(1200/60) = 20.5 kw

16. Determine the diameter in inches of a steel countershaft that delivers 13.31 HP at a speed of
15.7 rad/sec, the allowable material shear stress is 8.5 ksi. (ME Bd. Oct 2005)
A. 1 in C. 2 in
B. 1 ½ in D. 1 ¼ in

Solution:
N = 15.7 rad/sec = 149.9 rpm
(. 5
;4 = "# #%'Z ℎ"'
38
(. (149.9)
13.31 = [ = R. D\]
38

17. Compute for the torsional deflection in degrees of 110 mm diameter, 1.4 meter long shaft
subjected to a twist moment 3 x 10^6 N-mm. the torsional modulus of elasticity is 83 000 MPa.
(ME Bd. Apr 2005)
A. 0.27 C. 0.20
B. 0.31 D. 0.24

Solution:
 (3010 5 − ///)(1400//) 180 Z^
= = 0
 ) 5 2 ) 
=32> (110) // (83,000 // )
* *

 = E. S _`a

18. Two parallel shaft connected by pure rolling turn in the same direction and having a speed
ratio of 2.75. what is the distance of the two shaft if the smaller cylinder is 22 cm in diameter?
(ME Bd. Apr 2005)
A. 16.60 cm C. 25.25 cm
B. 30.25 cm D. 19.25 cm

Solution:

D1N1 = D2N2
2.75 = (N1/N2) = (D2/D1)
2.75 = (D2/D1) D2 = 60.5 cm

Cylinder 2 is an internal cylinder, therefore, the center distance will be:

(2 − (1 60.5 − 22
b= = = RW. SD cG
2 2
 D-13
19. It is desired to check the design of a 2 in medium steel shaft subjected to a turning moment of
40,000 in-lb. Ultimate stress is 50,000. Determine the factor of safety applied. (ME Bd. Apr
2004)
A. 3 C. 2.5
B. 0.509 D. 1.96

Solution:

= !

% 16
=
d )(.

50,000 16(40,000)
= ef = R. WUgD
d )(2).

20. How much torque can be safely transmitted by a 1 7/16 in, diameter shaft if safe stress is
7000? (ME Bd Apr2004)
A. 28142 kN-m C. 28000 kN-m
B. 3500 in-lbs D. 4100 in-lbs

Solution:

D = 1 7/16 in = 1.4375 in

= !

7000 = B = CEiS. jg \] − klm
(.*.hM)!

21. A shaft with a 1.125 in diameter receives 400 in-lbf of torque through a pinned sleeve. The
pin is manufactured from steel with a tensile yield strength of 73.9 ksi. Using a factor of safety of
2.5 compute for the following: (ME Bd. Apr 2004)

A. For the yield strength in shear, assume that by using the distortion energy failure theory, the
equation is Sys = 0.577 Syt. What will be the maximum allowable shear stress?
A. 71.06 ksi C. 17.06 ksi
B. 60.71 ksi D. 32.17 ksi

Solution:

n 42.6403
Sys = 0.577 Syt = 0.577(73.9) = 42.6403
= = = Rj. EDU om\
d 2.5
B. What is the total shear force in the pin?
A. 371.1 lbf C. 117.1 lbf
B. 711.1 lbf D. 311.1 lbf

Solution:
T = F x 1.25/2 F = 711. 11 lbf

C. What pin diameter is needed?

A. 0.361 in C. 0.631 in
B. 0.316 in D. 0.23 in

Solution:
Ss = F/ (π/4 x d^2)
17,056 = 711. 11/ (π/4 x d^2) d = 0.23 in

D. If the pin has a tensile yield strength of 50 MPa, manufactured from steel, what will be the
yield strength in shear?
A. 71.06 ksi C. 60.71 ksi
B. 117.7 x 10^6 Pa D. 294.3 x 10^6 Pa

Solution:
Sys = 0.577 Syt = 0.577 x (510 x 10^6) = 294.27 x 10^6
Ss = Sys/FS = 294 x 10^6/2.5 = 117.7 x 10^6 Pa

E. Assume that the shaft torque becomes 45 N-m, compute for the total shear t the pin.
A. 9641.3 N C. 3149.6 N
B. 117.7 lbf D. 571.7 lbf

Solution:
D = 1. 125 in x 2.54 cm/in x m/100 cm = 0.028575 m
T = F x D/2
45 = F x 0.028575/2 F = 3149.6 N

22. A marine turbine developing 15,000 hp and it turns the shaft at 300 rpm. The propeller which
is attached the shaft develops a thrust of 150,000 lbs. A hollow steel shaft with an outside
diameter of 14 in will be used. (ME Bd. Apr 2004)
A. Compute for the torque.
A. 622,000 ft-lb C. 486,600 ft-lb
B. 826,000 ft-lb D. 262,600 ft-lb

Solution:
P = 2πTN = 15,000 = 2πT (300)
T = 262,605.65 ft-lb

B. determine the inside diameter of the shaft if the maximum shearing stress based on torsion
alone is not to exceed 7,500 psi.
Solution:
Ss = 16TDo / π [Do^4 - Di^4] = 7500 = 16 x 262,605.65 x 14 / π [14^4 – Di^4]
Di = 9.589 in

C. what will be the propeller’s thrust that is develop in kilogram?

A. 68, 180 kg C. 86,880 kg
B. 26,810 kg D. 186,000 kg

Solution:
Ft = 150,000 lbs x kg/2.2 lbs = 68, 18182 kg.

D. what is the diameter of the solid shaft?

A. 1.88 in C. 6. 128 in
B. 12.886in D. 8.621 in

Solution:
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 7,500 = 16 x 262,605.65 x 12 / π D^3
D = 12.886 in

E. What is the percentage saving in weight over the solid shaft?

A. 92.3 % C. 37.3 %
B. 73.3 % D. 67.3 %

Solution:
Ws = weight of solid shaft = volume x density
= A x L x ρ = π/4 x 12.886^2 x L ρ = 130.41 L ρ
Wh = weight of hollow shaft = π/4 [14^2 -9.59^2] L ρ = 81.70L ρ
% savings = Ws-Wh / Ws x 100 = 130.41L ρ – 81.70L ρ / 130.41L ρ
= 37.35 %

23. A shell with an outside diameter of 406 mm and a wall thickness of 2.54 mm is subjected to
280 MPa tensile load and 45 KN-m. What is the maximum shear stress in MPa?
A. 69.73 MPa C. 296 MPa
B. 156 MPa D. 16.4 MPa

Solution:
Do = 0.406 m
Di = 0.406 – (2x0.00254) = 0.40092 m
Ss = 16TDo / π [Do^4 – Di^4] = 16 x 45 x 0.406 / π [0.406^4 – 0.40092^4]
= 69,721.3 KPa = 69.721 MPa

24. A torque of 3142 foot-pounds is applied to one end of a solid cylindrical shaft of 4 inches in
diameter fastened at the other end. The maximum shearing stresses closest to?
A. 2500 psi C. 3,000 psi
B. 3500 psi D. 3142 psi
Solution:
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 16 x 3142 x 12 / π x 4^3 = 3,000 psi

25. A hollow bronze tube has an outer diameter of 2 inches and an inner diameter o 1 ½ inches
and 12 inches long. A crank 15 inches long is keyed to one end, and the other is held rigid. The
modulus of rigidity is 10,000,000 psi.
A. Compute for J.
A. 3.73 in^4 C. 3.781 in^4
B. 1.0733 in^4 D. 1.738 in^4

Solution:
J = π/32 (Do^4 –Di^4) = π/32 (2^4 – 1.5^4) = 1.073 in ^4

B. What force must be applied to the end of the crank to produce a torsional shear of 5,000 psi?
A. 835 lbs C. 358 lbs
B. 853 lbs D. 583 lbs

Solution:
Ss = 16TDo/π [Do^4 – Di^4] = 5,000 = 16T x 2 / π [2^4 -1.5^4]
T = 5,368.93 in-lb = FL = F x 15
F = 357.92 lbs

C. What will be the angular moment of the end of the crank when this load is applied?
A. 0.344 degree C. 0.544 degree
B. 0.543 degree D. 0.434 degree

Solution:
ϴ = TL/JG = [(5368.93 x 12) / (1.073 x 10x10^6)] x 180/π = 0.344 degree

D. The torsional shear can be express as?

A. 543 bars C. 453 bars
B. 935 bars D. 345 bars

Solution:
Ss = 5,000 psi x 101.325 KPa /14.7 psi x 1 bar/ 100 KPa = 344.64 bars

E. The force required at the end of the crank is equivalent to?

A. 900 kg C. 163 kg
B. 887 kg D. 788 kg

Solution:
F = 358 lbs x kg/2.2 lbs = 162.72 kg
26. A taper pin with a minimum mean diameter of 6.2 mm will be applied to fix a lever to a 2
inches shaft with an allowable design stress of 15 ksi. Compute for the transmitted maximum
torque in in-lbs. use a factor of safety of 2.
A. 600 C. 700
B. 800 D. 780

Solution:
Empirical formula from Machinery Handbook p. 186
d = 1.13(T/DS) ^1/2 d = mean diameter of taper pin (in) S = safe unit stress (psi)
= 6.2 mm = 0.244 in
T = torque (in-lbs)
D = shaft diameter (in)
0.244 = 1.13 (T/2 x 15,000) ^1/2 T = 1,398.8 in-lbs
Applying the factor of safety 2;
T = 1,398.8/2 = 699.4 in-lbs

27. Determine the power transmitted by main power transmitting steel shaft with 2 7/8 inches in
outside diameter, SAE 1040 driving conveyor head pulleys at a shaft speed of 150 rpm.
A. 40 C. 45
B. 50 D. 38

Solution:
P = D^3 x N / 80 = 2.875^3 x 150 / 80 = 44.6 HP

28. Find the diameter of a main power transmitting shaft in mm to transmit 100 KW at 400 rpm.
A. 48 C. 76
B. 67 D. 85

Solution:
P = 100 KW = 134 HP
N = 400 rpm
P = D^3 x N / 80 = 134 = D^3 x 400 / 80
D = 2.99 in = 76 mm

29. Design a safe shaft diameter for a power transmitting shaft to transmit 30 HP at a shaft speed
of 180 rpm.
A. 2.25 C. 3.25
B. 2.5 D. 2 3/8

Solution:
P = D^3 x N / 80 = 134 = D^3 x 180 / 80 D = 2.37 in = 2 3/8 in
30. What would be the diameter in mm of a main power transmitting steel shaft SAE 1040 to
transmit 100 KW at 600 rpm?
A. 67 C. 76
B. 47 D. 56
Solution:
P = D^3 x N / 80 = 134 = D^3 x 600 / 80 D 2.614 in = 66.4 mm

31. Compute the power in HP of a line shaft having a diameter of 1 7/8 inches with a speed of
200 rm.
A. 25 C. 32
B. 27 D. 35

Solution:
Power = D^3 x N / 53.5 = 1.875^3 x 200 / 53.5 = 24.6 HP

32. A short 40 mm diameter shaft having a rotational speed of 300 rpm. Determine the power
transmitted by the shaft.
A. 31 HP C. 45 HP
B. 38 HP D. 49 HP

Solution:
Power = D^3 x N / 38 = (40/25.4) ^3 x 300 / 38 = 30.8 HP

33. Determine the diameter of a line shaft transmitting 25 HP and having a speed of 225 rpm.
The shear stress of the shaft is 6 ksi.
A. 1 7/8 in C. 1 1/5 in
B. 1 ¾ in D. 1 ¼ in

Solution:
Power = D^3 x N / 53.5 = D^3 x 225 / 53.5 D = 1 .811 in say 1 7/8 in

34. Compute the angular deflection of a shaft in degrees having a diameter of 4 5/8 inches,
length 60 inches, transmit 12 HP, at 180 rpm. Use G = 11.5x10^6 psi.

A. 0.028 degree C. 0.089 degree

B. 0.125 degree D. 0.890 degree

Solution:
P = 2πTN = 12 x 33,000 = 2πT x 180 T = 350.14 ft-lbs = 4,201.68 in-lbs
ϴ = TL/JG = [(4,201.68 x 60)/ (π/32 x 4.625^4 x 11.5x10^60)] x 180/π = 0.028 degree

35. Compute for the diameter in inches of SAE 1030 steel shaft to transmit 12 HP at 120 rpm
with torsional deflection below 0.08 degree/foot length as required.
A. 2 7/8 in C. 2 ¼ in
B. 2 5/8 in D. 2 3/8 in

Solution:
P = 2πTN
T = (12 x 550) / (2) x 120/60) = 525.21 lb-ft
Using G = 12x10^6 psi
ϴ = TL/JG = 0.08 x π/180 = 525.21 / (π/32 x D^4 x 12x10^6 x 144)
D = 0.217 ft = 2.604 in say 2 5/8 in

36. A 3 inches diameter short shaft carrying to pulleys close to bearing to transmit how much
horsepower if the shaft makes 280 rpm.
A. 199 HP C. 200 HP
B. 198 HP D. 210 HP

Solution:
P = D^3 x N / 38 = (3^3 x 280)/38 = 199 HP

37. Compute the speed of gear mounted on 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a
driving motor with 250 HP.
A. 2,182 rpm C. 2,282 rpm
B. 2,071 rpm D. 2,341 rpm

Solution:
From PSME code:
P = D^3 x N / 80 = 250 = {(52.5/25.4)^3 N] / 80
N = 2265 rpm

38. A solid cylindrical shaft 48.2 cm long is used for a transmission of mechanical power at a
rate of 37 KW running at 1,760 rpm. The Ss is 8.13 MPa. Calculate the diameter.
A. 30 mm C. 40 mm
B. 35 mm D. 50 mm

Solution:
P = 2πTN = 37 = 2π T x 1,760/60
T = 0.2 KN-m
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 8130 = 16 x 0.2 / π D^3
D =0.050 m = 50 mm

39. A hollow shaft with outside diameter of 14 cm and wall thickness of 0.80 cm transmit 200
KW at 400 rpm. What must be the angular deflection of the shaft if the length is 5 meters? The
material of the shaft is C4140 steel.
A. 1.14 degree C. 1.41 degree
B. 1.84 degree D. 0.09 degree

Solution:
P = 2πTN = 200 = 2π T x 400/60
T = 4.77465 KN-m
J = π/32 (Do^4 –Di^4) = π/32 (0.14^4 – 0.124^4) = 1.45042x10^-5 m^4
Use G = 82,741,285.71 KPa
ϴ = TL/JG = 4.77465 x 5 / 1.45042x10^-5 x 82,714,285.71 = 1.14 degree
40. A short 61 mm diameter shaft transmits 120 HP. Compute the linear speed of a pulley 55 cm
diameter mounted on the shaft.
A. 1,796 fpm C. 1,870 fpm
B. 1,766 fpm D. 2,016 fpm

Solution:
For short shaft:
P = D^3 x N / 38 = 120 = (61/25.4) ^3 x N / 38
N = 330 rpm
V = πDN = π x 0.55 x 330 = 1870 fpm

41. Find the power in watts transmitted by a main power transmitting shaft with a diameter of 55
mm and speed of 200 rpm.
A. 15.45 C. 25.4
B. 18.926 D. 30.7

Solution:
For main power transmitting shaft:
P = D^3 x N / 80
D = 55/25.4 = 2.165
P = 2.165^3 x 200 / 80 = 25.37 x 746 = 18.926 watts

42. Compute for the torsional deflection in degrees of a 3 5/8 inches diameter, 1.2 m long shaft
subjected to a twist moment of 3x10^6 N-mm. the torsional modulus of elasticity is 80,000 MPa.
A. 0.365 C. 0.653
B. 0.985 D. 1.025

Solution:
D = 3 5/8 in = 92.075 mm
ϴ = TL/JG = [(3x10^6 x 1200) / (π/32 x 92.075^4 x 80,000)] x 180/π
= 0.365 degree

43. Compute for the torsional deflection in degrees of a 110 mm diameter, 1.4 m long shaft
subjected to twist moment of 3x10^6 N-mm. The torsional modulus of elasticity is 83,000
N/mm^2.
A. 0.27 C. 0.20
B. 0.31 D. 0.24

Solution:
ϴ = TL/JG = [(3x10^6 x 1400) / (π/32 x 110^4 x 83,000)] x 180/π = 0.2 degree

44. Find the torsional moment in Newton-millimeter developed when the shaft delivers 20 KW
at 200 rpm.
A. 0.85x10^6 C. 1.20x10^6
B. 1.0x10^6 D. 2.10x10^6
Solution:
P = 2πTN = 20 = 2πT x 200/60
T = 0.955 KN-m = 0.955x10^6 N-mm

45. A 102 mm diameter shaft is driven at 3000 rpm by a 300 HP prime mover. The shaft drives a
121.9 cm diameter chain sprocket having 86% output efficiency. Compute the torque in in-lb
develop in the shaft.
A. 5,600 C. 8,150
B. 7,100 D. 6,300

Solution:
P = 2πTN = 300 x 33,000 = 2πT x 3,000 = 525.21 ft-lb = 6,302.5 in-lb

46. Compute for the twisting moment in in-lb developed when the shaft delivers 20 HP at 1,200
rpm.
A. 1,166 C. 1,050
B. 915 D. 945

Solution:
P = 2πTN = 20 x 33,000 = 2πT x 1,200 = 87.535 ft-lb = 1,050.4 in-lb

47. Determine the diameter in inches of a steel countershaft that delivers 13.31 HP at a speed of
15.7 rad/s, the allowable material shear stress is 8.5 ksi.
A. 1 in C. 2 in
B. 1 ½ in D. 1 ¼ in

Solution:
N = 15.7 rad/s x rev/2πrad x 60s/min = 149.9 rpm
HP = D^3N / 38 for countershaft
= 13.31 = (D^3 x 149.9)/38 = 1.5 in

48. In SAE 1030 steel 2 inches diameter solid shaft with a deflection not to exceed 0.06 degree/ft
length. Modulus of rigidity of 12,000,000 psi. Determine the power transmitted if the shaft
rotates at 280 rpm.
A. 7.3 HP C. 8.3 HP
B. 3.7 HP D. 3.8 HP

Solution:
ϴ = TL/JG = 0.06 x π/180 = T x12 / (π/32 x 2^4 x 12x10^6)
T = 1644.9 in-lbs = 137 ft-lbs
P = 2πTN = 2π x 137 x 280 x HP/33,000 = 7.3 HP
49. A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m and an outer diameter 0.06 m. Compute for
the torque if the shear stress is not to exceed 120 MPa in N-m.
A. 4,400 C. 4,500
B. 4,300 D. 4,200

Solution:
Ss = 16TDo / π x (Do^4 –Di^4)
120x10^6 = 16T x 0.06 / π x (0.06^4 – 0.035^4)
T = 4,500 N-m

50. What power would a spindle 55 mm in diameter transmit at 480 rpm stress allowed for short
shaft is 59 N/mm^2.
A. 98.68 KW C. 68.98 KW
B. 96.88 KW D. 68.89 KW

Solution:
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 59x10^3 = 16T / π x 0.055^3
T = 1.92739 KN-m
P = 2πTN = 2π x 1.92739 x 480/60 = 96.88 KW

51. A 3 inches diameter short shaft carrying two pulleys close to bearings transmits how much
power if the shaft makes 280 rpm?
A. 991 C. 199
B. 919 D. 260

Solution:
P = D^3 x N / 38 = 3^3 x 280 / 38 = 198.9 HP

52. Compute the speed of the gear mounted in 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a
prime mover with 250 HP.
A. 2,182 rpm C. 2,287 rpm
B. 2,081 rpm D. 2,341 rpm

Solution:
D = 52.5mm = 2.06 in
From PSME code: HP = D^3 x N / 80
250 = 2.06^3 x N / 80
N = 2,287 rpm

53. A 3 ½ inches diameter solid circular shaft transmitting a torque of 1,500 ft-lb. Compute the
maximum normal stress in the shaft.
A. 3,238 C. 1,138
B. 2,138 D. 1,228

Solution:
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = (16 x 1,500 x 12) / π x 3.5^3 = 2,138 psi

54. A small countershaft is 1 ½ inch in diameter and has an allowable stress of 8,500 psi. Find
the horsepower delivered by the shaft at a speed 15.7 rad/s.
A. 7.20 C. 13.31
B. 1.4 D. 14.72

Solution:
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 8,500 = (16 x T) / (π x 1.5^3)
T = 5,632.78 in-lbs = 469.4 ft-lbs
N = 15.7 x 60 / 2π = 150 rev/min
P = 2πTN = (2π x 469.4 x 150)/33,000 = 13.39 HP

55. A 16 ft steel line shaft has no bending action except its own weight. What power in HP can
the shaft deliver at a speed of 200 rpm? Consider that the torsional deflection will not exceed
0.08/ft length.
A. 13.2 C. 24.4
B. 15.8 D. 14.6

Solution:
Reference: Machinery Handbook 24th edition p. 267
D^2/3 = L/8.95 = D = (16/8.95)^3/2 = 2.39 in
HP = (D/4.6) ^4 x N = (2.39/4.6)^4 x 200 = 14.58 HP

56. The torsional deflection of a SAE 1040 steel shaft is to 0.8 degrees in a length of ½ m. The
shear stress is 69 MPa. Compute the diameter of a shaft in mm. steel modulus of elasticity is
79,000 MPa.
A. 51 C. 75
B. 50 D. 62

Solution:
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 69,000 = 16T/πD^3
T = 13,548D^3 KN-m
ϴ = TL/JG =0.8 x π/180 = 13,548D^3 x 0.5 / [(π D^3 / 32) x 79,000,000]
D = 0.062 m = 62 mm
57. Compute the diameter of a solid shaft transmitting 75 HP at 1,800 rpm. The nature of load
and the type of service is such that the allowable Ss based on pure torsion is 6,000 psi.
A. 1 7/8 in C. 1 5/16 in
B. 2 1/6 in D. 3 1/8 in

Solution:
P = 2πTN = 75 x 33,000 = 2πT x 1,800
T = 218.838 ft-lbs = 2,626.06 in-lbs
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 6,000 = 16x 2,626.06 / π x D^3
D = 1.306 say 1 5/16 in
58. The shaft is subjected to a steady load of 36,000 in-lb at a shear stress of 10,000 psi.
Compute the diameter of the said shaft in inches.
A. 1 7/8 in C. 3 in
B. 2 ¼ in D. 2 ¾ in

Solution:
T = 36,000 x D/2 = 18,000D in-lbs
Ss = 16T/πD^3 =10,000 = (16 x 18,000D) / π x D^3
D = 3.027 in use 3 in

59. A solid transmission shaft is 3.5 inches in diameter. It is desired to replace it with a hollow
shaft of the same material and same torsional strength but its weight should only be half as much
as the solid shaft. Find the outside and outside diameter of the hollow shaft in mm.
Solution:
Solid shaft: Ss = 16T/πD^3
Hollow shaft: Ss = 16TDo/π x (Do^4 –Di^4)
Equating the stress: 16T/πD^3 = 16TDo/π x (Do^4 –Di^4)
Do^4 –Di^4 = 42.875Do Equation 1

Let L = length of shaft, p = density

Solid shaft: v = π/4 D^2 L
Hollow shaft: v = π/4 x (Do^2 –Di^2) L
½ (π/4) (3.5^2) Lp = π/4(Do^2 –Di^2) Lp
Do^2 –Di^2 = 6. 125 Equation 2
Di^2 = Do^2 – 6.125 or Di^4 = (Do^2 -6. 125) ^2
Substituting in Equation 1:
Do^4 – (Do^2 – 6.125) ^2 = 42.875Do
Do^2 – 3.5Do – 3.0625 = 0
By quadratic formula:
Do = 4.225 in = 107 mm, Di = sqrt (4.225^2 – 6. 125) = 3.424 in = 87 mm

60. A 76 mm solid shaft is to be replaced with a hollow shaft of equal torsional strength. Find the
inside diameter and the percentage of weight saved if the outside diameter of the hollow shaft is
100 mm.
Solution:
For solid shaft: Ss = 16T/πD^3
For hollow shaft: Ss = 16TDo/π (Do^4 –Di^4)
Equating the torsional stress:
16T/πD^3 = 16TDo/π (Do^4 –Di^4) Di = 86.55 mm
Let v = volume
w = weight
v1 = π/4 (76) ^2 L
v2 = π/4 (100^2 – 86.55^2) L
% of weight saved = [(π/4 x 76^2 x Lw) – π/4(100^2 – 86.55^2) Lw] / (π/4 x 76^2 x Lw)
= 0.5656 =56.56%
61. A solid shaft is to be used to transmit 75 KW at 550 rpm. If the shaft design stress will not
exceed 26 N/mm^2, determine the diameter of the solid shaft.
Power = 2π x TN = 75 = 2π x T x 550/60
T = 1.302177 KN-m = 1,302, 177 N-mm
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 26 = 16 x 1,302,177 / πD3
D = 63.42 mm

62. A 500 rpm shaft is fitted with a 30 inches (76.2 mm) diameter pulley weighing 250 lb (113.6
kg). This pulley delivers 35 HP (26.1 KW) to a load. The shaft is also fitted 24 inches (61 cm)
pitch diameter gear weighing 200 lb (90.9 kg). This gear delivers 25 HP (18.65 KW) to a load.
Assume that the tension of the tight side of the belt is twice that of the slack side of the belt,
determine the concentrated loads produced on the shaft by the pulley and the gear in lb and in
Newton.
Solution:
The relative positions of the belt and gear are not specified, therefore the positions that will
produce maximum on the shaft will be assumed.

For the pulley:

P = 2πTN = 35 x 33,000 = 2π x T x 500
T = 367.548 ft-lbs
(F1 – F2) r = T
(2F2 –F2) x 15/12 = 67.648
F2 = 294. 118 lbs, F1 = 588.236 lbs
Fp = 588.236 + 250 = 1,132.354 lbs = 5,038 N

For the gear:

P = 2πTN = 25 x 33,000 = 2π x T x 500
T = 262.606 ft-lbs
F = T/r = 262.606/1 = 262.606 lbs
Fg = 262.606 + 200 = 462.606 lbs = 2,058 N

63. A steel is subjected to a constant torque of 2260 N-m. The ultimate strength and yield
strength of the shafting material are 668 MPa and 400 MPa respectively. Assume a safety factor
of 2 on the yield point and endurance strength in shear, determine the diameter of the shaft in
inches.
Solution:
Maximum shear stress = 1/2 tensile stress
Sy max = 1/2 (4,000) = 2,000 KPa
With factor of safety of 2, the allowable torsional stress is
Ss = 200,000/2 = 00,000 KPa
Solving for the Shaft diameter, D
Ss = 16T/πD^3 = 16 x 2.260 / π D^3
D = 0.048644 mm = 1.915 in
64. A solid steel shaft is to be design to limit the maximum twist of not more 2.5 degrees in a 5
m length when acted upon by a torque of 18 KN-m. Determine the maximum diameter of the
shaft. (G = 83 GPa)
Solution:
[ϴ = 180/π (TL/JG)] degree
Where:
ϴ = 2.5 degree
T = 18x10^6 N-mm
L = 5,000 mm
G = 83x0^3 MPa
J = π x D^4 / 32
D = [(180 x 18x10^6 x 5,000 x 32) / (2.5 x π^2 x 83x10^3)] ^ ½ = 126 mm

65. From the previous problem, determine the maximum shearing stress induced in the shaft if
the modulus of elasticity in shear is 83 GPa.
Solution:
Ss max = 16T/πD^3 = 16 x 18x10^6 / π x 126^3 = 45.8 MPa
66. Determine the power that can be transmitted by a solid shaft 6 m long and running at 180
rpm. The maximum shear stress induced is 70 MN/m^2 When twisted through 3 degrees. G = 83
GN/mm^2.
Solution:
Ss max = 16T/πD^3 70 N/mm^2
T = π x D^3 x 70/16 = 13.744D^3
[ϴ = 180/π (TL/JG)] degree
ϴ = 3 degree
L = 6,000 mm
G = 83x10^3 N/mm^2
T = (3 x D^4 x 83x10^3) / (180 x 32 x 6,000) = 0.07111D^4
Equating the torque:
0.07111D^4 =13.744D^3
D = 193.2 mm
T = 0.07111 x 193.2^4 = 9,907.3x10^4 N-mm = 9,907.3 N-m
P = 2πTN = 2π x 9,907.3 x 10 x 150/60 = 1,556,235 W = 1,556.2 KW

67. Determine the diameter of a steel marine propeller to transmit a shaft power of 5,000 KW at
200 rpm. Design shear stress is 50 MPa and maximum allowable twist is not more than 1 degree
in 25 diameter of propeller length. Axial load is negligible.
Solution:
T = (9.55x10^6 x 5,000KW)/220 rpm = 217.045x10^6 N-mm
Ss max = 16T/πD^3 = 50 N/mm^2
D = [(16 x 217.045x10^6 x 25 x 32) / (π x 83x10^3)] ^1/3 = 280 mm
ϴ = 180 /π x (TL/JG)
ϴ = 1 degree L = 25D
J = π x D/32 G = 83x10^3 N/mm^2
D = [(180 x 217.045x10^6 x 25 x 32) / (π x 83x10^3)] ^1/3 = 493 mm
Therefore use: D = 493 mm
68. Determine the maximum twisting moment that can act on a composite stepped steel shaft
which consists a hollow section 2 m long, 70 mm ID, and 100 mm OD rigid attached to a solid
portion 1.5 m long and 70 mm in diameter, if the design stress in shear is 80 MN/m^2 and the
total twist is not to exceed 2.0 degree.
Solution:
For strength: Ss max = Tr/ J
Hollow section:
Ss max = 80 MN/mm^2
r = OD/2 = 0.100/2 = 0.050 m
J = π/32 x (OD^4 – ID^4) = π/32 x (0. 100^4 – 0.070^4) =7.4603x10^-6 m^4
T = (80 x 7.4603x10^-6) / 0.05 = 11.936x10^-3 MN-m
Solid section:
Ss max = 16T/πD^3 = 80 MN/m^2
r = D/2 = 0.07/2 = 0.035 m
J = π/32 x 0.07^3 = 2.3572x^10-6 m^4
T = (80 x 2.3572x10^-6) / 0.07 = 5.3878x10^-3 MN-m
For rigidity:
ϴ = 180/π x (TL/JG) degree
The total twists of the composite shaft is equal to the sum of the twist of the hollow and solid
sections.
ϴt = ϴs + ϴh
2 x π/180 = [(Tr x 2)/(7.4603x10-6 x 83x10^3)] + [(Tr x 1.50)/(2.3572x10^-6 x 83x10^3)]
Tr = 3.2x10^-3 MN-m = 3.2 KN-m
The smallest of the torque is Tr, therefore:
Tmax = 3.2 KN-m

69. Determine the maximum length of a flexible steel wire shaft encased in a stationary tube that
fits closely enough to impose a frictional torque of 2 N-m/m. The wire has a diameter of 10 mm
and the induced stress must not exceed 140 MN/m^2.

Solution:
T = 2L = 2x10^-6 MN-m/m (L,m) = (Ss x π x D^3) / 16 = (140 x π x 0.010^3) / 16
L = 13.74 m

70. From the previous problem, what will be the angular rotation of one end with respect to the
other end?
Solution:
ϴ = integration from 0 to ϴ (dϴ)
= integration from 0 to L [(2x10^-6 x LdL)/JG]
= (2x10^-6/JG) x (L^2/2)
J = π/32 x 0.01^4 = 9.817x10^-10 m^4
G = 83x10^-3 MN/m^2
ϴ = (2x10^-6 x 13.74^2) / (2 x 9.817x10^-10 x 83x10^3) = 2.316 rad = 132.75 degree
71. A hollow shaft is slipped over a solid steel shaft 60 mm in diameter. The shafts are of equal
length and are fastened rigidly together at their ends. If the hollow bronze shaft has an outside
diameter of 90 mm, what would be the maximum shearing stress induced in the solid steel by a
torque of 3000 N-m applied at the ends? For bronze, G = 35 GPa; for steel 83 GPa.

Solution:
Ta = torque acting on steel shaft
Tb = torque acting on bronze shaft
Ts = + Tb = 3 x 10-3 MN-m
OD = Outside diameter of bronze shaft
ID = inside diameter of bronze shaft
D = diameter of steel shaft ID
θs = twist of steel shaft
θb = twist of bronze shaft
TL
θ = JG θs = θb

J(steel) = (π) (604)

32
= 1.2723 x 106 mm4
= 1.2723 x 10-6 m4
J(bronze) = (π()904 – 604)
32
= 5.1689 x 106 mm4
= 5.1689 x 10-6 m4

θs = θb
(Ts) = Tb
(1.2723)(83) (5.1689)(35)

Ts = 0.5837Tb
Ts + Tb = 3 x 10-3 MN-m

Tb = 1.894 x 10-3 MN-mTb

Ts = 1.106 x 10-3 MN-m

For the steel shafting:

-3
Ss(max) = 16Ts = (16)(1.106 x 10 )
3 3 =26.07 MPa
πD (‫()ח‬0.06 )

72. From the Previous Problem, What would be the maximum shearing stress induced in the
hollow bronze?

Solution:
For the bronze shafting: SHAFT
OD = 90 mm; ID = 60 mm;
 ID 60 = 0.667,
K= = K4 = 0.1975
OD 90
-3
16Tb (16)(1.894 x 10 )
= 16.48 MPa
Ss(max) = =
(π)(OD3)(1-K4) 3
(π)(0.090 )(1-0.1975)

73. A solid circular shaft transmits 50 KW at 900 rpm. It is supported by a bearing and a pinion
100 mm pitch diameter is attached to it. With the tooth load uniformly distributed over the face
of the gear and the shaft is assumed to be rigidly supported, determine the torsional moment
transmitted by the shaft.

Solution:

P = 2πTN
900
50,000 = 2 π(T) T = 530.5 N-m
60
74. from the Previous Problem, Assuming 200 involute teeth, what is the maximum bending
moment on the shaft?

Solution:

F = tangential load = 2T/D

2(530.5) = 10510 N
F=
0.10

M = maximum bending moment

= Face width x F = 0.074 (10,610) = 371.35 N-m
2 2

75. From the Previous Problem, What is the diameter of the shaft if the allowable shear stress is
43 MPa?

Solution:

Ss = 43 MPa

D3 = 16 √ T2 + M2 = 16 √ (530.5 x 103)2 + (371.35 x 103)2

(π)(Ss) (π)(43)

D = 42.48 mm Use D = 43 mm

76. A keyed fiange coupling connects two 80-mm diameter commercial shaftings. If the shafts
were to run at 300 rpm and to transmit power supplied from a 4-cylinder gasoline engine,
determine the power that can be transmitted. Assume the shafting with a keyway with a shear
stress of 41 MP a and a shock factor of 1.3.

Ss(max) 16T(Kt)
=
 (π)(D3)

(41)(3.1416)(803)
T= = 3.170 x 106 N-mm
16 x 1.3

T = 3170 N-m

P = 2πTN = 2π(3170) 30
60
P = 99,588.5 W = 99.5 kw

77. A hollow circular shaft whose inside diameter, ID, is one-half its outside diameter, OD, can
transmit a torque of 2500 N-m clockwise and a torque of 500 N-m counterclockwise. Determine
the shaft outside diameter if the design factor is 2 based on the yield strength and the endurance
limit in shear. Material of shaft is SAE 1095 annealed (endurance limit in tension = 358.53 MPa
and yield strength in shear = 227.53 MPa).

Solution:

K = ID = 0.5
OD
K4 = 0.0625 1-K4 = 0.9375

Sn = endurance limit in shear

= 0.5 (Snt) = 0.5(358.53) = 179.3 MPa

Tm = mean torque
= Max. torque – Min. torque = 2500 – (-500) = 1500 N-m
2 2
Ts = alternating torque
= Max. torque – Min. torque = 2500 – (-500) = 1500 N-m
2 2
Sm = 16Tm = 16(1000) = 5432.5
3 4 3
(π)(OD )(1-K ) (π)(OD )(0.9375) OD3
Sa = 16Ta = 16(1500) = 8148.7
(π)(OD3)(1-K4) (π)(OD3)(0.9375) OD3

Sy = 227.53 MPa = 227.53 x 106 N/m2

Sn = 179.3 MPa = 179.30 x 106 N/m2

1 = Sm + Sa
N Sy Sn
1 = 54325 + 81487 OD3 = 2 5432.5 + 8148.7
2 (227.53x106)(OD3) (179.3x106)(OD3) 106 227.53 179.30
OD = 0.05175 m = 51.75 mm
78. From the Previous Problem, determine the inside diameter of the hollow shaft.

Solution:
ID = OD = 51.75 = 25.875 mm
2 2

79. A 58.7375 mm cold-rolled shafting running at 350 rpm is driven by an overhanged flat pulley
having a diameter of 1320.8 mm. under this condition this shafting transmits 70 Hp (52.22 kw).
Assuming that the maximum bending moment is 1.45 as the shearing moment, determine the
maximum shearing moment.

Solution:
T = maximum torsional (shearing) moment
P - 2 πTN
52,220 = 2 π(T) 350
60
T = 1427.75 N-m = 1427.75 x 103 N-mm

80. From the Previous Problem, Determine the maximum bending moment.

Solution:
M = maximum bending moment
= 1.45T = 1.45(1424.75) = 2065.89 N-m = 2065.89 x 103 N-mm

81. Find the power that can be transmitted bya cast iron shaft 76.2 mm in diameter when
making 20 revolutions per minute, the value of Ss not to exceed 10.522 MPa.

Solution:
T = (π)(D3)(Ss) = (π)(76.23)(10.522) = 914 x 103 N-mm = 914 N-m
16 16
P = 2 πTN = 2‫(ח‬914) 20 = 1914.2 W
60

82. Find the diameter of a steel shaft which will be used to carry a 118.1-kw motor rotating at
265 rpm if the distance between bearings is 1.2192 m. assume the torsional stress to be 92 MPa.

Solution:
P = 2 πTN
118,100 = 2 π(T) 265
60
T = 4255.74 N-m = 4255.74 x 103 N-mm
D3 = 16T = 16(4255.74 x 103)
(π)(Ss) ‫ ח‬x 92
D = 61.76 mm, use 62 mm
83. From the Previous Problem, If a coupling is used to transmit the power, find the diameter of
the bolts to be used if the radius of the bolt circle is 120mm and the number of bolts is 8. Assume
the torsional stress of the bolts to be 55 MPa.
Solution:
The bolts are under single shear.
d = diameter of the bolts, mm
N = number of bolts = 8
R – radius of bolt circle = 120 mm
S = torsional (shear) stress of the bolts
= 55 MPa = 55 N/mm2
A = cross-sectional area of one bolt, mm2
= 0.7854d2
V = shearing force per bolt acting normal to bolt axis, N
= T/RN = 4255.74 x 103 / (120) (8)
= 4433.06 N

Under transverse loading, the shearing stress of circular element is

Ss = 4 (V) = 4 (V)
3 A 3 0.7854d2
d2
= 4(4433.06)
3(0.7854)(55)
d = 11.7 mm

Use d = 12-mm bolts

84. There are three parallel shafts A, B and C. shaft A has a 28-tooth gear of module, mo = 6.35
meshing with a large gear of shaft B having 80 teeth. A smaller gear of 22 teeth and m = 8.467 of
shaft B meshes with a 54 tooth gear of shaft C. if the shafts are on a level plane, find the
distance between shafts A and C.
Solution:
Pitch diameter = (Module) (Number of teeth)
DA = pitch diameter of gear on shaft A, mm
DA = (6.36) (28) = 177.8 mm
RA = pitch radius of gear on shaft A, mm
RA = DA/2 = 88.9 mm
DB1 = pitch diameter of gear on shaft B, with 80 teeth
DB1 = (6.35) (80) = 508 mm
RB1 = pitch radius of gear on shaft B, with 70 teeth
RB1 = 508/2 = 254 mm

DB2 = pitch diameter of gear on shaft B, with 20 teeth

DB2 = (8.467) (22) = 186.2 mm

RB2 = pitch radius of gear on shaft B, with 20 teeth

RB2 = 186.2/2 = 93.1 mm
Dc = pitch diameter of gear on shaft C
Dc = (8.467)(54) = 457.21 mm
Rc = itch radius of gear on shaft C
Rc = 457.21/2 = 228.6 mm

D = distance between shafts A and C

= RA + RB1 + RB2 Rc
= 88.9 + 254 + 93.1 + 228.6 = 664.6 mm

85. From the Previous Problem, Find the rpm of shaft C if shat A turns 1500 rpm.
Solution:
RPM of C = 1500 28 22 = 214
80 54

86. From the Previous Problem, Find the rpm of shaft C if shaft A turns 1500 rpm.
Solution:
P = 2 πTN
41,000(0.93)(0.93) = 2 π(T) 214
60
T = 1582.3 N-m

87. A steel shaft is transmitting 41 kw at 1100 rpm. The nature of the load and the type of service
of the shaft is such that the allowable shearing stress based on pure torsion is 29.256 MPa.
Compute the diameter of the shaft to the nearest commercial size of shafting.
Solution:
P = 2 πTN
41,000 = 2‫(ח‬T) 1100
60
T = 355.928 N-m = 335,928 N-mm
D3 = 16T = 16(355,928)
π Ss ‫(ח‬29.256)
D = 39.5 mm
Use D = 39.5 mm shafting

88. From the Previous Problem, Calculate the torsional deflection of the shaft in degrees per foot
of the shaft. Use G = 83 GPa.
Solution:
θ = 180 TL deg
π JG

Where:
T = 355,928 N-mm
L = 1 foot = 304.8 mm
J = (π)(39.54) = 238,994.7 mm4
32
G = 83 GPa = 83 000 MPa = 83 000 N/mm2
θ = 180 (355,928)(304.80) = 0.3130
π (238,994.7)(83 000)

KEYS
Contents:
A. Definitions
B. Types of Keys
C. Stresses in Keys
D. Compressive Stress
E. Shearing Stress
F. Solved Problems

Definitions:
Key – a machine member employed at the interface of a pair of mating male and female circular
cross-sectional members to prevent relative angular motion between these mating members.
Keyway – a groove in the shaft and mating member to which the key fits.
Splines – permanent keys made integral with the shaft and fitting into keyways broached into the
mating hub.

Types of Keys:
1.Square key – has a square cross-section with half of its depth sunk the shaft and half in the hub.
2.Flat key – has rectangular cross-section with the smaller dimension placed in the radial
direction with half sunk in the shaft and half in the hub and is used where the weakening of the
shaft by the keyway is seirous.
3.Round key – has a circular cross-section.
4.Barth key – is a square key with bottom two corners beveled.
5.Woodruff key – consists of one-half of a circular disk fitting into a rectangular keyway in the
female member and a semi-circular keyway in the male member.
6.Gibd-head taper key – is a flat with a special gib-head to facilitate easy driving and removal of
the key.
7.Saddle key – is a flat key used without a keyway in the shaft.
8.Kennedy keys – are tapered square keys with the diagonal dimension in a circumferential
direction
9.Feather key – is one which has a tight fit into one member and a loose sliding fit in the other
mating member thus allowing the hub to move along the shaft but prevents rotation on the
shaft.
Stresses in Keys
P = 2 πTN
F = T = T = Ss (wL)
R v/2

Where:
P = power transmitted
T = torque
r = radius
D = diameter
N = speed

Crushing (Compressive) Stress:

Sc = F
π/2 (L)

Shearing Stress:
Ss = F
wL

Generally, when the key and shaft are of the same material:
w = D and L = 1.2 D
4

Where:
w = width of key
h = thickness of key
L = length of key

SPLINES
Splines – are permanent keys made integral with the shaft and fitting into keyways broached into
t he mating hub. Splines are used to permit relative axial motion between the shaft and hub,
usually consists of four, six, eight or ten.

Power Transmitted by Splines:

T = torque capacity of splines = Ss‫ח‬D2L
16
N = speed of shaft

Torque Capacity of a Splined Connection (based on sliding surface loading), T:

T – P A fm

Where:
P = allowance pressure on the splines
A = total surface areas subject to sliding

A= D–d L (no. of splines)

2

D = Shaft diameter
d = D – 2h
h = depth of splines
L = length of hub

rm = mean radius = D+d

4

SOLVED PROBLEMS

1. A 76.2 mm diameter shafting of SAE 1040 grade, cold rolled, having a yield point of 50 ksi
and with a ¾ x ¾ x 5 inches key. Compute the minimum yield point in the key in order to
transmit the torque of the shaft. The factor of safety to use is 2 and Svs = 0.5 Sr. (ME Bd. Oct 97
& ME Bd. Oct 99).
A. 39.12 ksi B. 42.13 ksi C. 279.20 ksi D. 47.12 ksi*
Solution:
Shaft diameter = 76.2 mm = 3 in
Design Stress, Ss = 0.5 SY = 0.5 (50 ksi) = 25 ksi = 25,000 psi
Ss = 16T
πD3

25,000 = 16T
π(3)3
T = 132,535.94 in-lb
F = T = 132,535.94 = 88,357.29 lbs
D/2 3/2

Shearing Stress in key, SSK = F = 88,357.29 psi = 23.5619 ksi

wL 0.75(S)
SY = 23.5619 x 2 = 47.12 ksi
2. A keyed sprocket deliver a torque of 778.9 N-m thru the shaft of 54 mm OD. The key
thickness is 1.5875 cm and the width is 1.11 cm. compute the length of the same key. The
permissible stress value of 60 MPa for shear and 90 MPa for tension. (ME Bd. Oct 97).
A. 39.12 cm B. 4.82 C. 52.22 cm D. 4.32 cm*

Solution:
F = T = T = 778.8 = 28,844.4 N
T D/2 0.054/2
Shearing Stress in key, SSK = F
wL
60,000,000 = 28,844.4 L = 0.0433 m = 4.33 cm
(0.0111)L

3. Arectangular key was used in a pulley connected to a lineshaft with a power of 125 kw at a
speed of 900 rpm. If the shearing stress of the shaft is 40 N/mm2 and the key to be 22 N/mm2.
Determine the length of the rectangular key if the width is one fourth that of the shaft diameter.
(ME Bd. Apr 92 & ME Bd. Oct 2006)
A. 171.8 mm B. 1875 mm C. 175.8 mm D.
157.8 mm*

Solution:
P = 2 πTN
125 = 2 πT 900
60
T = 1.326291 kN-m = 1,326,291 N-mm

Shear stress of the shaft:

Ss = 16T
πD3
40 = 16(1,326,291)
πD3
D = shaft diameter = 55.27 mm
F = T = 1.326,291 = 47,993 N
D/2 55.27/2
w = D = 55.27 = 13.82 mm
4 4

Shear stress of key:

Ss = F
wL
22 = 47,993 L = 157.85 mm
13.92L

Problems 4-8
A Model 108 spline connection, 8 x 52 x 60 is used for gear and shaft. The number of teeth is 8,
minor diameter is 52 mm and major diameter is 60 mm. the coefficient of friction is 0.06,
rotating at 120 rpm with transmitted power of 20 kw and a normal pressure of 6.5 MPa. (ME Bd.
Apr 2005)

4. What
is the torque transmitted?
A. 1.25 kN-m B. 1.59 kN-m* C. 2.25 kN-m
D. 3.45 kN-m

Solution:
P = 2 πTN
20 = 2 πT 120 T = 1.592 kN-m
6

5. What
is the normal force?
A. 56.9 kN* B. 59.6 Kn C. 65.9 kN D. 69.5 kN

Solution:
Mean diameter, D = 52 + 60 = 56 mm = 0.056 m
2
T = F D
2
1.592 = F 0.056
2
F = 56.86 kN

6. What
is the length of hub?
A. 175 mm B. 193 mm C. 255 mm D. 273 mm*

Solution:
7. Height of tooth, h = 60-52 = 4mm = 0.004 m
2
F = Sc A
56.86 = 6500 (0.004 L) 8
L = 0.273 m = 273 mm

Frictional force?
A. __________ B. 3.41 kN* C. 4.31 kN D. 5.67 kN

Solution:
Frictional force f x F = 0.06 (56.86) = 3.41 kN

8. What
is the force needed for shifting?
A. 2.25 kN B. 3.41 kN* C. 6.82 kN D. 9.85 kN
Problems 9-12
A 15/16 – in wide key has a depth of 5/8 in. it is 12 inches long and is to be used on a 200 hp,
1160 rpm, squirrel-cage induction motor. The shaft diameter is 3 7/8 inches. The maximum
running torque is 200% of the full-load torque. (ME Bd. Oct 2003)

9. Compute the maximum torque.

A. 17,330 in-lb B. 21,733 in-lb* C. 37,210 in-lb
D. 733,211 in-lb

Solution:
P = 2 πTN
200(33,000) = 2‫ח‬T (1160)
T = 905.54 ft-lb = 10,866.44 in-lb

Maximum Torque is 200% of the full load torque:

Max Torque = 10,866.44 x 2 = 21,732.88 in-lb

10. Compute for F.

A. 11,217 lb* B. 57,211 lb C. 27,111 lb D. 72,101 lb

Solution:
D = 3 7/8 in = 3.875 in
T =F x D F = 11,217 lbs
2

11. Determine the maximum shearing stress on the key.

A. 779 psi B. 997 psi* C. 197 psi D. 279 psi

Solution:
Ss = F = 11,217 = 997 psi
wL 15 (12)
16

12. Determine the maximum compressive stress on the key.

A. 5,990 psi B. 2,990 psi* C. 7,290 psi D. 9,920 psi

Solution:
Sc = F = 11,217 = 2,991.2 psi
h (L) 5/8 (12)
2 2
13. Determine the key length of square key for gear driven shaft to withstand a torque of 2891.4
N-m. the shaft diameter is 65 mm with design stress of 72.6 Mpa in shear, the thickness and
width of key is 5/8 i. (ME Bd. Oct 98)
A. 3.12 cm B. 3.42 cm C. 4.22 cm D. 7.7 cm*

Solution:
T =F x D
2
2891.4 N-m = F x 0.065
2
F = 88,966.1 N
Ss = w
wL
Where: w = 5/8 in = 0.015875 m
72.6 x 106 = 88,966.15 L = 0.07719 m = 7.7 cm
0.015875L

14. Akeyed gears deliver a torque of 912.4 N-m thru its shaft of 63.5 mm outside diameter. If the
key has thickness of 15.875 mm ad width of 11.1125 mm, find the length of the key. Assume
the permissible stress values of 61.2 MPa for shear and tension at 99.8 MPa. (ME Bd. Apr 98)
A. 47.42 mm B. 39.72 mm C. 42.22 mm* D. 46.92 mm

Solution:
Force = Torque = 912.4 = 28,727 N
Radius 0.0635
2

Based on Shearing:
Ss = F
wL
61,200,000 = 28,727 L = 0.04225 m = 42.25 mm
0.0111125L

15. A key is to be designed for a 12.7 cm shaft which will transmit power of 150 KW at 360
RPM. If the allowable shear stress for the key is 920 kg/cm2 and the allowable compressive
stress is 1200 kg/cm2, determine the cross-sectional dimensions of the flat key to be used

Solution:
From Doughtie and Vallance, Table 5-1, p. 100
w = 1 ¼ ln. = 3.17 cm
h = 7/8 in. = 2.222 cm

16. From the Previous Problem, Determine the length to be used.

Solution:
Power = 2 π x Torque x Speed
150 = 2 πT 360
60
T = 3.97887 kN-m = 397.887 kN-cm
F = force = torque = 397.887 = 62.659 kN
Radius 12.7/2
Let L = Length of key

Solving for L based on allowable shearing stress:

Ss = force
shear area
920(0.00981) = 62.659
3.175L
L = 2.187 cm

Solving for L based on allowable compressive stress:

Sc = force
h L L = 4.79 cm
2

1200(0.00981) = 62.659
2.222 L
2
Therefore: L = 4,79 cm

17. From the Previous Problem, determine the axial force to remove the hub from the shaft if the
coefficient of friction is 0.45.

Solution:
Fa = 2 f F = 2(0.45)(62.659) = 56.4 kN

18. A pulley is keyed to a 2 ½ inches diameter shaft by a 7/16 inch by 3 inches flat key. The shaft
rotates at 50 rpm. The allowable shearing stress for the key is 22 ksi. The allowable
compressive stress for the key, hub and shaft are 66 ksi and 72 ksi respectively. Determine
the maximum torque the pulley can safely deliver.

Solution:
Referring to Doughtie an Vallance, pp. 100-101:
From Table 5-1:
w = width of key = 5/8 in. = 0.625 inc.
solving for the torque that can be carried by the key:
Ss = 2T = shearing stress
DLw
22,000 = 2Ts
 2.5(3) (0.625)
Ts 51,562.5 in-lbs
Sc = 4T = compressive stress
DLh
66,000 = 4Tc
2.5(3) (7/16)
Tc = 54,140.6 in-lbs.

Solving for the torque that can be carried by the shaft, assuming shat and key material to be the
same:

Ss = 16T
πD3

22,000 = 16Ts
π(2.5)3
Ts = 67,495.1 in-lbs
Solving for the torque that can be carried by the hub:
Sc = 4T
DLh
59,000 = 4T
2.5(3)(7/16)
Th = 48,398.4 in-lbs
Therefore: Safe Torque = 48,398.4 in-lbs

19. A10-mm x 10-mm key used in the low-speed of a 20-kw speed reducer which rotates at 400
rpm. The shaft is 45 mm in diameter. Determine the shear stress in the key. Assume length of
key equal to 1.5 times the shaft diameter.

Solution:
Given:
Power = 20 kW; Speed = 400 rpm
Shaft diameter, D = 45 mm
Length of key, L = 1.5D = 1.5 45 = 68 mm
P = 2 πTN
20,000 = 2 π(T) 400
60
T = 477.5 N-m = 477.5 x 103 N-mm
Tangential force, F = 2T = 2x477.5 x 103 = 21,222.2 N
D 45
Ss (key) = F = 21,222.22 = 31.2 MPa
bL 10x68

20. From the Previous Problem, determine the torsional stress in the shaft.
Solution:
Ss (shaft) = Tr
J = πD4 = π(45)4 = 402 578 mm4
32 32
Ss (shaft) = (477,500)(22.5) = 26.68 MPa
402578

21. A transmission shaft 60 mm in diameter is to be driven by a flat belt through a 800-mm

pulley. The tight-side tension of the belt is 6670 N and the slack-side tension is 4450 N. the
length of the key is 150 mm. using a standard 16 mm square key, find the shearing stress of
the key.
Solution:
The torque T = Dp (F1 – F2)
Dp = pulley dia = 800 mm

F1 = 6670 N
F2 = 4450 N

T = 800 (6670 – 4450) = 888,000 N-mm

2
Tangential force, F = 2T = 2x88,000 = 29,600 N
D 60
Ss = shearing stress in key = F = 29,600 = 12.33 MPa
bL 16x150

22. Fromthe Previous Problem, determine the bearing pressure.

Sb = bearing pressure on the key = F = 2(29,600) = 24.67 MPa
t L 16x150
2

23. From the Previous problem, Determine the loads on the left bearing A and the right bearing B
if pulley is 225 mm and the 575 mm from bearing A and B, respectively.
Solution:
F1 + F2 = 6670 + 4450 = 11,120 N
R1 = left bearing load = 575(11,120) = 7992.5 N
800
R2 = right bearing load = 225(11,120) = 3127.50 N
800

24. A shaft whose diameter is 56 mm rotating at a speed of 220 rpm and power to be transmitted
is 41 kW at steady load. Assuming a 13 mm x 13 mm x 88 mm square key is used, determine
the factor of safety used in the key if yield point in shear is 255 MPa.

Solution:
P = 2 π(T) 220
60
T = 1779.6 N-m = 1779.6 x 103 N-mm
F = shearing force tangent to shaft
= 2T = 2(1779.6 x 103) = 63 557 N
D 56
Ss (key) = F = 63.557 = 55.5 MPa
bL 13(88)
FS (in shear) = yield point in shear = 255 = 4.6
Ss 55.5

25. Thetorsional capacity of a spline fitting is based on the maximum allowable pressure on the
active surface of the splines. The major diameter D of the splined fitting is 75 mm, the minor
diameter d is 60 mm, and the coefficient of friction f is 0.10. The number of splines is 6.
Considering the pressure in the active surface to be 7 MPa, determine the length of spline
needed for a transmitted torque of 750 N-m.

Solution:
T = torque transmitted = 750 N-mm
n = number of splines = 6
A = active surface area of one spline, mm2
P = pressure on active on active surface
= 7 MPa = 7 N/mm2
R = average radius of splines fitting
= D + d = 75 + 60 = 33.75 mm
4 4
h = depth of spline
= D – d = 75 – 60 = 7.50mm
2 2
T = PRnA
A = T = 750,000
PRn (7)(33.75)(6)
A = 529.1 mm2
L = length of spline = A = 529.1 = 70.54 mm
h 7.5
USE L = 71 mm

26. From the Previous Problem, determine the force required to slide the splines axially under
load.

Solution:
Sliding force:
F = tangential force
= T/R = 750000 = 22,222.22 N
33.75
f x F = sliding force = 0.10 x 22,222.22 = 2,222.22 N

COUPLINGS
Contents:
A. Definition
B. Types of Couplings
C. Stress in Flange Coupling
D. Torque Capacity of coupling (One-Concentric Row)
E. Torque Capacity of Coupling (Two-Concentric Rows)
F. Relation of Shear Strain, Shear Stress and Radial Distance
G. Solved Problems

Definition:
Coupling – a mechanical device which is used to connect lengths of shafting permanently.

Types of Couplings:
1.Rigid Couplings – couplings that do not allow angular, axial or rotational flexibility and used
with collinear shafts.
A. Flange Coupling – type of rigid coupling which consists of two halves of flanges connected
to each other by bolts.
B. Sleeve or Collar Coupling – rigid coupling which is a cylindrical collar pressed over the
ends of two collinear shafts.
2.Flexible Couplings – couplings which allow angularity to take care of misalignment of the
shafts.

Oldham coupling, chain coupling, flexible disk coupling, flexible gear type coupling, hydraulic
occupling, universal joints, are examples of flexible couplings.
Stresses in Flange Coupling
P = 2 πTN
F = total transmitted load on bolts
F = Torque
D/2
Fb = force per bolt = F
No. of bolts
Ss = shear stress in bolts = Fb
‫ ח‬d2
4
Sc = compressive stress on flange = Fb
Td

Flange Coupling:

Where:
D = diameter of the bolt circle
Ds - diameter of the shaft
t = thickness of the flange
d = diameter of the bolt

Torque Capacity of Coupling (One Concentric Row)

T = FRn = F D n
2
Torque Capacity of Coupling (Two Conceptric Rows):
T = F1R1n1 + F2R2n2 = F1 D1 n1 + F2 D2 n2
2 2
Where:
T = torque capacity of coupling or torque’ transmitted by shaft
F = shearing force of one bolt
R = radius of bolt circle
D = diameter of bolt circle
n = umber of bolts

Relations of Shear Strain, Radial Distance and Shear Stress:

Relation of Shear Strain and Radial distances from the axis of the shaft:
Y1 = Y2
R1 = R2
Relation of Shear Stress and Radial distances from the axis of the shaft:

Ss1 = Ss2
G1R1 = G2R2

Relation of Shearing Force and Radial distances from the axis of the shaft:

F1 = F2
R1 = R2

Where:
Y = shear strain
R = radius of bolt circle
Ss = shear stress
G = modulus of rigidity

SOLVED PROBLEMS
1.A flanged bolt coupling has ten (10) steel 25.4 mm diameter bolts evenly tighten around a 415
mm bolt circle. Determine the torque capacity of the connection if the allowable shearing stress
in the bolt is 50 MN/m2. (ME Bd. Oct 97).
A. 59.95 kN-m B. 52.6 kN-m* C. 46.15 kN-m D.
43.8 kN-m

Solution:
Ssb = shearing stress per bolt = Fb
Ab
Ssb = 50 MN/m2 = 50,000 kN/m2
50,000 = Fb
π (0.0254)2
4

Fb = force per bolt = 25.335 kN

F = force on all bolts = 25.335 x 10 = 253.35 kN
T = torque = F x bolt circle radius = 253.35 x 0.415 = 52.57 kN-m
2

2.A flange coupling has an outside diameter of 200 mm and connects two 40 mm shafts. There
are four 16 mm bolts on a 140 mm bolt circle. The radial flange thickness is 20 mm. if the
torsional stress in the shaft is not to exceed 26 MPa, determine the shearing stress in the bolts if
uniformly distributed. (ME Bd. Oct 90).
A. 8.5 N/mm2 B. 5.8 N/mm2* C. 6.5 N/mm2
D. 7.5 N/mm2

Solution:
Ss = 16T shearing stress of the shaft
 πD3
26,000 = 16T
π(0.40)3
T = 0.3267256 kN-m
F = force on bolts = Torque = 0.3267256
b/2 0.14/2
F = 4.6675kN = 4,667.5 N
Fb = 4,667.5 = 1,167 N
4
Shearing Stress on bolt = Fb = 1,167 = 5.8 N/mm2
Ab n (16)2
4

3.A flange coupling connects two 2” diameter shafts. The flanges are fitted with 6 bolts of SAE
1040 steel on a 7” bolt circle. The shaft runs at 300 rpm and transmits 45 Hp. Assume a factor
of safety of 5, ultimate tension of 70,000 psi, and ultimate shear of 55,000 psi. what is the
torque transmitted?

Solution:
Power - 2 πTN
45(33,000) = 2 πT (300)
T = 787.817 ft-lbs = 9,453.8 in-lbs

4.From the Previous Problem, Determine the diameter of bolts required.

Solution:
T = F (r)
F = 9453.8/3.5 = 2701 lbs
F per bolt = 2701/6 = 450.17 lbs

S = F/A
55,000 = 450.17 d = 0.228 in.
5 (π /4)d2

5.From the Previous Problem. How thick should the flange be?

Solution:
S = F/A
70,000 = 450.17 t = 0.141 ln
5 r(0.228)

6.A flange coupling is to connect two 57 mm shafts. The hubs of the coupling are each 111 mm
in diameter and 92mm thick and the flange webs are 19 mm thick. Six 16 mm bolts in a 165
mm diameter circle connect the flanges. The keyway is 6 mm shorter than the hub’s thickness
and key is 14 mm x 14 mm. coupling is to transmit 45 KW at 160 rpm. For all parts, yield
 point value in shear is one-half the yield point in tension or compression which is 448 MPa.
Find the stress and factors of safety based on yield points hear in key.

Solution:
Length of key = 92 – 6 = 86 mm
Power = 2 πTN
45 = 2 πT (160/60)
T = 2.686 kN-m

Radius = 57 = 28.5 mm
2
Force on shafts = torque = 2.686 = 94.246 kN
Radius 0.0285
Shear in key = force = 94.246 = 78,277 KPa = 78,277 MPa
Shear area 0.014(0.086)
F.S. = 224 = 2.86
78.277

7.From the Previous Problem, Find the stress and factors of safety based on yield point bearing
in the key.

Solution:
Bearing stress in key = force = 94.246 = 156,555 KPa = 156.555 MPa
bearing area 0.007(0.086)
F.S. = 448 = 2.86
156.555

8.Find the stress and factors of safety based on yield point shear in bolts.

Solution:
Force on coupling = torque
radius
where:
radius = 165 = 82.5 mm = 0.0825 m
2
Force on coupling = torque = 2.686 = 32.557 kN
radius 0.0825
Force per bolt = 32.557/6 = 5.426 kN
Shear in bolts = force = 5.426 = 5.426 = 26,987 KPa = 26.987 MPa
Shear area (‫ח‬/4(d2 (‫ח‬/4)(0.016)2
F.S. = 224 = 8.3
26.987

9.Two short shafts having identical diameters of 38.1 mm and rotating at 400 rpm are connected
by a flange coupling having 4 bolts with a 100 mm bolt circle. The design shearing stress of the
 bolt is 12 N/mm2 and design compressive stress of the flange is 15 N/mm2. What is the power
transmitted by the shaft in KW?
Solution:
Using PSME Code, Eq. 6a, p. 18:
38.13 (400)
3
P = D N = 25.4
38 38
= 35.526 HP = 26.502 KW

10. From the Previous Problem, What diameter of bolt should be used?
Solution:
P = 2 πTN
26.502 = 2 πT 400
60
T = 0.632689 kN-m

radius = 100 = 50 mm = 0.050m

2
For = force = torque = 0.632689 = 12.654 kN = 12,654 N
radius 0.050
Force per bolt = 12,654/4 = 3,163.5 N
S = F/A
12 = 2,163.5
π d2
4
d = 18.32 mm = 0.72 in.
From Table 6-1, p. 130, Doughtie and Vallance:
Bolt Diameter = ¾ in. (19.05 mm)

11. From the Previous Problem, How thick should be the flange in mm?

Solution:
S = F/A
15 = 3,163.5 t = 11.07 mm thickness of flange
19.05 t

12. A flanged bolt coupling has a bolt circle 360 mm in diameter where eight steel 25-mm-
diameter bolts are evenly spaced. Determine the torque transmitted by the coupling if the
design shearing stress in the bolts is 60 MPa.

Solution:
T = torque transmitted by the coupling
= PRn = π (d2)(Sds)(Rn) = 0.7854(252)(60) 360 (8) = 4241.15 x 104 N-mm
4 2
T = 42.411 kN-m
13. A solid circular shaft 90 mm in diameter is connected by a rigid coupling to a hollow
shaft 100mm in outside diameter and 90 mm in inside diameter. If the allowable stress in
shear in the shafts and bolts is 70 MPa, determine the number of 12-mm-diameter steel bolts
to be used on a 240-mm-diameter bolt circle so that the coupling will be as strong as the
weaker shaft.

Solution:
Ss = Tr
J
For the hollow shaft
r = 100 = 50 mm
2
J = π (OD4 – ID4) = π (1004 – 904) = 337,623 x 104 mm4
32 32
Th = torque that could be transmitted by the hollow shaft
= 60 (337.623 x 104) = 405.1476 x 104 N-mm = 4.0515 kN-m
50
For the solid shaft:
r = 90/2 = 45 mm
J = π (904) = 644.125 x 104 mm4
Ts = torque that can be transmitted by the solid shaft.
= 60(644.125 x 104) = 7.7295 x 106 N-mm = 7.7295 kN-m
45
Hollow shafting is weaker.
A = area of one bolt = 0.7854 (122) = 113.1 mm2
Solving for the force per bolt:
F = Ss (A) = 70(113A) = 7917 N
Total force on bolts = 405.1476 x 104 = 33,762.29 N
120
No. of bolts = 33, 762.29 = 4.26
7.917

Use 5 bolts

14. Eight 10-mm-diameter steel bolts on a bolt circle 150 mm in radius and six 20-mm-
diameter steel botls on a concentric bolt circle 100 mm in radius were used in a rigid coupling.
If the design stress in the bolts is 60 MPa, determine the torque capacity of the coupling.

Solution:
2
F2 = d2 R2 F1
D1 R1

Where the subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the bolts in the outer and inner circles:
20 2 100 F1 = 2.667F1
F2 = 10 150
F1 = A1 Ss1 = 0.7854(102)(60) = 4712.4 N

T = torque capacity of coupling

T = F1R1n1 + F2R2n2 = 4712.4(150)(8)
+ (2.66)(4712.4)(100)(6)
6
= 13.175 x 10 N-mm = 13.175 kN-m

15. A flanged coupling having an outside diameter of 190 mm connects two 40-mm shafts.
There are three 16-mm bolts on a 134-mm bolt circle. The radial flange thickness is 20 mm. if
the torsional stress in the shaft is not to exceed 30 MPa, determine the power that can be
transmitted at 900 rpm.

Solution:
T = Torque transmitted = π D3Ss = ‫(ח‬403)(30) = 376.991 x 103 N-mm = 376.991 N-m
16 16
Power transmitted, P = 2 πTN = 2‫(ח‬376.991) 900 = 35,530.56 W = 35.53 kw
600

16. From the Pervious Problem, determine the shearing stress in the bolts if uniformly
distributed.
Solution:
F = shearing force per bolt = T = (376,991) = 1875.57 N
n Dc 3 134
2 2
Ss = shearing stress in the bolts = F = 187.57 = 9.3 MPa
A π (16)2
4

17. From the Previous Problem, determine the maximum shearing stress induced in the bolts.
Solution:
Ss(max) = 4 F = 4 (9.3) = 12.43 MPa
3 A 3

18. From the Previous Problem, determine the bearing pressure in the bolts.
Solution:
Shearing force = 1875.57 = 5.8 MPa
Bearing Pressure: Projected area of bolt 16 x 20

19. Two 38.1 mm shafts are connected by a flanged coupling. The flangs are fitted with 6
bolts of SAE 1020 steel on a 152.4 mm bolt circle. The shafts run at 260 rpm and transmit a
torque of 950,000 N-mm. assuming a factor of safety of S, ultimate tension, 430 MPa, and
ultimate shear, 330 MPa, what power is transmitted?
Solution:
P = 2 π TN = 2 π (850) 260 = 23,143 W = 23.1 kw
 60

20. From the Previous Problem, Determine the diameter of the bolts required.
Solution:
n = number of bolts = 6
Dc = diameter of bolt circle = 152.4 mm
F = shearing force per bolt = T
n
Dc
2

F = (850,000) = 1859.14 N
6 152.4
2

Design stress, Sd = 330 = 66 MPa

5
F = A(Sd)
1859.14 = π d2 (66)
4
d = 5.98 mm use 6 mm bolt

21. From the Previous Problem, How thick should the flange be?
Solution:
Sdt = 430 = 86 MPa
5
F = 1859.14 N per bolt
F = d(t) (Sdt)
t = 1859.14 = 3.6 mm
6 x 86

22. Two solid shafts 120 mm in diameter are coupled by bolts 30 mm in diameter with
centers 120 mm from the axis. How many bolts are necessary?
Solution:
D = diameter of bolts = 30 mm
Dc = diameter of bolts circle = 120 x 2 = 240
D = shaft diameter = 120 mm
n = number of bolts
T = torque transmitted by bolts = n Dc π d2 S s
2 4
T = torque of shaft
= π D3Ss
16
n = π (120)3 = 4
120(0.784 x 302)(16)
Use 4 bolts