Study guide

Department of Social Work and Criminology

Fundamental Criminology
KRM110

Dr Karen Booyens

Last Revision: July 2022

© Copyright reserved

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities

© Copyright reserved
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Significance of this module............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Educational approach ................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Anti-discrimination statement …………………………………………………………………………….1
1.4 Roles and responsibilities.............................................................................................................. 2
1.4.1 Roles and responsibilities of lecturers and students ...................................................................... 2
1.4.2 Distribution and commercial use of lecture material ...................................................................... 2
1.4.3 Instructions for using a study guide ............................................................................................... 2

2. Administrative information ......................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Contact details .............................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Timetable ...................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Support and grievances ................................................................................................................ 3
2.3.1 Support ......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3.2 Grievances .................................................................................................................................... 4

3. Study materials ........................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Compulsory prescribed readings ................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Additional readings........................................................................................................................ 5

4. Rules, requirements and guidelines .......................................................................................... 6

4.1 Conduct in class ........................................................................................................................... 6
4.2 Academic dishonesty .................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Absence from scheduled activities ................................................................................................ 6
4.4 Students with special needs .......................................................................................................... 6

5. Student support .......................................................................................................................... 6

6. Module information ..................................................................................................................... 7

6.1 Purpose of the module .................................................................................................................. 7
6.2 Module outcomes .......................................................................................................................... 7
6.3 Learning presumed to be in place ................................................................................................. 7
6.4 Credit map and notional hours ...................................................................................................... 8
6.5 Module structure ........................................................................................................................... 8

7. Study units .................................................................................................................................. 8

7.1 Study unit 1: Crime and criminology .............................................................................................. 8
7.1.1 Unit outcomes ............................................................................................................................... 8
7.1.2 Assessment criteria ....................................................................................................................... 9
7.1.3 Preparation for class ..................................................................................................................... 9
7.1.4 Activity during class ……………………………………………………………………………………….9
7.2 Study unit 2: Factors that contribute to crime in South Africa ........................................................ 9
7.2.1 Unit outcomes ............................................................................................................................... 9

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities i

7.2.2 Assessment criteria ....................................................................................................................... 9
7.2.3 Preparation for class ..................................................................................................................... 9
7.2.4 Activity during class..................................................................................................................... 10
7.3 Study unit 3: Forensic criminology in South Africa ....................................................................... 10
7.3.1 Unit outcomes ............................................................................................................................. 10
7.3.2 Assessment criteria ..................................................................................................................... 10
7.3.3 Preparation for class ................................................................................................................... 10
7.3.4 Activity during class …………………………………………………………………………………… 10
7.4 Study unit 4: The coordinating nature of forensic criminalistics ................................................... 10
7.4.1 Unit outcomes ............................................................................................................................. 10
7.4.2 Assessment criteria ..................................................................................................................... 11
7.4.3 Preparation for class ................................................................................................................... 11
7.4.4 Activity during class..................................................................................................................... 11

8. Assessment ............................................................................................................................... 11
8.1 Assessment policy and approach ................................................................................................ 11
8.2 Assessment opportunities ........................................................................................................... 11
8.3 Examination ................................................................................................................................ 11
8.3.1 Final marks for the KRM110 module ........................................................................................... 11

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities ii

 KRM 110 – Fundamental Criminology

1. Introduction
1.1 Significance of this module
The focus of this module is on the fundamental aspects of criminology as well as the role of criminologists
in South Africa. Various concepts, theories and themes that focus on crime and the explanation of crime
will be discussed in the module. Furthermore, the community’s perception of crime and explanations for
the incidence of crime in the South African context will be considered. New developments in criminology
will also receive attention. The module concludes with a discussion of forensic criminology and forensic
criminalistics.

1.2 Educational approach

The Faculty of Humanities’ undergraduate and postgraduate yearbooks describe the regulations and
syllabi that apply to qualifications that are offered by the Faculty. The Department’s policy on Education
and Training is informed by these yearbooks as well as the policies of UP relating to Teaching and
Learning.

1.3 Anti-Discrimination statement

The University of Pretoria is committed to building an inclusive, affirming and transformed institutional
culture, curriculum and campus life. It rejects and condemns racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia,
xenophobia, ethnic chauvinism, religious intolerance, unfair discrimination, hate speech, sexual
harassment, gender-based violence and retaliation, and all other forms of discrimination. The University
has committed itself to the eradication of these practices, and in 2019 adopted an Anti-Discrimination
Policy, in order to realise procedural and substantive equality in all respects. As the lecturer and presenter
of this course, I acknowledge the extreme harm that racism, sexism, xenophobia and other forms of
discrimination have inflicted and continue to inflict on our society and communities. I commit to ensuring
that there is an open dialogue between myself and all the students in the module on curriculum content
and teaching method which may be interpreted as discriminatory or exclusive. I undertake to ensure that
any such concerns are raised without fear of intimidation or recrimination. Moreover, I resolve to
continuously improve the teaching of this course in a way that allows the inclusion of all the students
enrolled for this course, building their self-confidence and self-efficacy, and supporting the ultimate goal
of substantive equality for all persons. The choices that we make about curriculum content and pedagogy
(what and how we teach) are also choices about what kind of society we wish to build. In this declaration
of intent, I resolve to be part of and give substance to the University’s anti-discrimination and
transformation endeavours.

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 1

1.4 Roles and responsibilities
1.4.1 Roles and responsibilities of lecturers and students
See the Teaching and Learning guide on ClickUP.

1.4.2 Distribution and commercial use of lecture material

In line with General Rule 5 of the UP, students are not permitted to use electronic devices, such as mobile
phones, unless it is part of the class activity. Furthermore, students are not allowed to record lectures,
photograph or distribute any material originating from contact sessions. Any notes taken during lectures
may not be provided or sold to other students.

1.4.3 Instructions for using a study guide

The Teaching and Learning Guide provides information about the Department's educational approach,
assessment practices, as well as general information.

Information in the study guide includes contact information, learning activities and assessment
opportunities, module specifications and structure, as well as the study units. The different study units are
organised according to specific outcomes, assessment criteria, readings and preparation. As an outcome-
based educational system subscribes to a culture of learning, students should take responsibility for the
learning process, by for instance preparing the readings for class discussions.

2. Administrative information
2.1 Contact details

Building & Consulting

Designation Name Telephone # Email Address
Room # Hours
Tuesdays
Dr Karen 08:30 - 09:30
Lecturer HB 10-2 012 420 2630 karen.booyens@up.ac.za
Booyens Fridays
08:30 - 09:30
Departmental Mrs Phillicia
HB 10-21 012 420 2325 phillicia.ledwaba@up.ac.za
Administrator Ledwaba

Departmental Mrs Tania

HB 10-21 012 420 2030 tania.steyn@up.ac.za
Administrator Steyn

Tutors More information regarding your tutors and tutorials will be posted on ClickUP.

Faculty
Mr Itumeleng
Student HB 13-24 012 420 6963 itumeleng.holele@up.ac.za
Holele
Advisor
Faculty
Dr Jacomien
Student HB 13-24 012 420 2618 jacomien.muller@up.ac.za
Muller
Advisor
Ms Merensky
Subject
Nomthandazo Library 6- 012 420 4801 nomthandazo.dyantyi@up.ac.za
librarian
Dyantyi 20

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 2

2.2 Timetable
The module is scheduled during the following timeframe: 19 February 2024 to 17 April 2024 (7 academic
weeks).

The contact time for Section A of KRM110 comprises of contact sessions, consultation hours and tutorial
classes. Contact time forms part of the learning hours for the module. Detailed information about contact
sessions, consultation hours, tutorial classes and learning hours follows below.

Contact session Day Periods Time Venue

Lecture 1 – Group 1 Tuesday 1 11:30-12:20 Thuto 3-2
Lecture 2 – Group 1 Thursday 1 16:30-17:20 Thuto 1-1
Lecture 1 – Group 2 Tuesday 1 10:30-11:20 Thuto 3-2
Lecture 2 – Group 2 Thursday 1 15:30-16:20 Thuto 1-1
Tutorials Will be announced – please see ClickUP

• Consultation hours
Consultation hours are on Tuesdays between 08:30 - 09:30 and Fridays between 08:30 - 09:30 in HB10-
2.

2.3 Support and grievances

The purpose of this section is
• to explain the role and functions of those who, in addition to the lecturer and Head of Department
(HoD), are there to provide students with academic and administrative support; and
• to provide information on the process to follow should a student want to report any grievance.

2.3.1 Support
The following support structures are available to students:

Class representatives
The primary function of the Class Representative is to serve as a two-way communication channel
between the class and the department on all matters related to the academic administration of the course.
Class representatives meet with the HoD once a quarter, and with the Dean of the Humanities Faculty
and/or Vice-Principal: Academic at least once a semester. Class representatives may also contact the
lecturer to report on any issue(s) regarding the teaching of the course. Class representatives will create a
Gmail account that students can write to and which will be conveyed via ClickUP.

Tutors
The primary function of the tutor is to provide students with additional academic guidance and support. If
you have any questions or concerns about the lecturer’s teaching (style, pace, etc.) or the relationship
between the course guide and the taught course or any other practical issue related to delivering the
course, please raise the matter with your tutor or bring it to the attention of the class representative. If you

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 3

have exhausted this option and you still need further guidance, make an appointment to speak with your
lecturer.

Faculty Student Advisor (FSA)

Your Faculty Student Advisor can advise you on goal-setting, adjustment to university life,
time management, study methods, stress management and career exploration. Book an
individual consultation or attend a workshop.

The FSA for Humanities is:

Mr Itumeleng Holele Dr Jacomien Muller
HS Building 13-24 HS Building 13-24
Hatfield Campus Hatfield Campus
itumeleng.holele@up.ac.za jacomien.muller@up.ac.za

General wellbeing
On matters related to your general wellbeing and safety, please refer to Section 5 of the study guide.

2.3.2 Grievances
A grievance relates to any incident that has caused you to experience harm or to feel unsafe in the learning
environment. These include, for example, sexual harassment, racism or identity prejudice. The principles
of fairness, consistency and transparency require that all grievances be submitted in writing with specifics
of the incident or the nature of the complaint. Cases of sexual harassment are not dealt with by the
department but should be reported directly to Ms Sarah Matseke in the Human Resources Department.
Please schedule an appointment with her at antisexualharassment@up.ac.za or (012) 420 6797.

In all other cases and in as far as it is possible, and reasonable to do so, the following process should be
followed:
• Submit the written grievance to your lecturer who will make an appointment to consult with you. If for
whatever reason, you find it problematic to submit the grievance to your lecturer, you may submit the
grievance directly to the HoD, and if that is problematic, you may submit your grievance directly to the
Dean of the Humanities Faculty. (Note, that in the latter two cases the grievance must contain some
indication of why you could not submit the grievance to your lecturer/HoD).
• If you submitted the grievance to your lecturer and, in your opinion, the matter has not been satisfactorily
resolved, submit the grievance in writing to the HoD detailing why you consider the grievance
unresolved. The HoD will consult with you on how to resolve the grievance.
• If, after your consultation with the HoD you believe that the grievance is still unresolved, make an
appointment to consult with the Dean of Humanities Faculty.

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 4

3. Study materials
Students have a prescribed textbook. The compulsory and additional readings for Section A of KRM110
are the following:

3.1 Compulsory prescribed readings

The prescribed textbook is available at various bookstores including Van Schaik’s, Bookmark, Wize Books
and Protea.

Bezuidenhout, C. (Ed.). 2020. A Southern African perspective on Fundamental Criminology. 2nd ed. Cape
Town: Maskew Miller Learning.
ISBN:9781485715504
An ePDF version of this book can be found at this link:
https://shop.pearson.co.za/9781485716822

3.2 Additional readings

The additional readings are optional in terms of further in-depth study for students that are interested in
reading more about specific themes. Subsequently a list of additional sources is listed:

Alemika, E.E.O. 2020. Reflections on Criminology in Africa. Acta Criminologica: African Journal of
Criminology and Victimology, 33(2):1-11.
Geldenhuys, K. 2019. Operation O Kae Molao. Taking back Gauteng. Servamus, 112(9):28-31.
Govender, D. & Pillay, K. 2021. Policing in South Africa: A Critical Evaluation. Insight on Africa, 14(1):40-
56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/09750878211048169
Hesselink, A. & Booyens, K. 2014. Correctional Criminology: An innovative South African practice. Acta
Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, Special Edition: Research and application in
Criminology and Criminal Justice, 14(1):1-15.
Kinnes, I. 2014. Gangs, drugs and policing the Cape Flats. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal
of Criminology, 27(2):14-26.
Lochner, H. 2020. Transito: The truth behind the big-money robberies. University of South Africa. Unisa
Press.
Lochner, H., Benson, B. & Horne, J. 2012. Making the invisible visible: The presentation of electronic (cell
phone) evidence as real evidence in a court of law. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of
Criminology, 25(2):69-82.
Lutes, E., Purdon, J. & Fradella, H.F. 2019. When music takes the stand: A content analysis of how courts
use and misuse rap lyrics in criminal cases. American Journal of Criminal Law, 46(1): 77-131.
Petrus, T. 2014. Policing South Africa’s Ganglands: A critique of a paramilitary approach. Acta
Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 27(2):14-24.
Siegel, L.J. 2018. Criminology: Theories, patterns and typologies. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 5

4. Rules, requirements, and guidelines
4.1 Conduct in class
Professional behaviour at all times is expected in class. This implies respect for diversity. A positive attitude
should prevail in terms of a learning culture. There should be an openness to share experiences and to
learn from one another in a non-judgmental manner. This implies participation in class and teamwork.

4.2 Academic dishonesty

There will be no tolerance for academic dishonesty. The Department will act according to the rules and
regulations of the University in this regard. Students should at all times adhere to academic and
professional conduct. This includes not plagiarising in theoretical and practical assignments.

4.3 Absence from scheduled activities

The Faculty places a high premium on the development of thinking skills and specific academic
competencies. Class attendance in all modules and for the full duration of the programme is compulsory
for all students enrolled in degree programmes of the Faculty of Humanities.

4.4 Students with special needs

The University of Pretoria accommodates students with special needs. These needs are catered
for without influencing academic standards. It is, however, the student’s responsibility to inform the
lecturer in good time of any special needs to ensure effective communication in this regard. Students with
special needs will be accommodated in collaboration with the UP facilities provided in this regard.

5. Student support
The University of Pretoria supports you in various ways free of charge. For academic support contact the
tutors or Faculty-Student Advisor (see Section 2.1).

• Academic support
• Goal setting and motivation Individual consultations and
Faculty-student • Adjustment to university life workshops about
advisors • Test/examination preparation - time management
• Stress management - study methods
• Career exploration

• Think carefully before dropping modules (after the closing

date for amendments or cancellation of modules).
FLY@UP: www.up.ac.za/fly@up
• Make responsible choices with your time and work
The Finish Line
consistently.
is Yours email: fly@up.ac.za
• Aim for a good semester mark. Do not rely on the
examination to pass.

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 6

For e-learning support
• Report a problem you experience to the Student Help Desk - Approach the assistants at the help
desks (adjacent to the Student Computer Laboratories in IT Building, NW2, CBT, etc).
• Visit the open labs in the Informatorium Building to report problems at the offices of the Student Help
Desk.
• Call: 012 420 3837 or Email: studenthelp@up.ac.za

Student IT Hub
• Get FREE technical support for your laptop – or help get MS Office installed. Hours: Mon – Fri: 8 am
– 4 pm. On Hatfield campus, the office is near Coffee Buzz, on the Plaza.
• Call 012 420 4726 or E-mail: studentithub@tuks.co.za

Safety in the evening: Green Route

• From 18:00 till 06:00 Security Officers are available to escort you (on foot) to and from your residence
or campus anywhere east of the Hatfield campus through to the LC de Villiers terrain.
• Departure point is at the ABSA ATM next to the Merensky Library.
• Phone the Operational Management Centre if you need a Security Officer to accompany you from
your residence to campus. The telephone number is at the back of student cards.

6. Module information
6.1 Purpose of the module
The purpose of this module is to introduce students to the scientific study field of criminology, to enable
students to understand the fundamental aspects of criminology and to have knowledge about the extent
of crime. Students must also be able to provide explanations for the incidence of crime. Furthermore,
students must understand the role of the criminologist and to give an exposition of the role of the forensic
criminologist and the importance of forensic criminalistics.

6.2 Module outcomes

The specific module outcomes are as follows:
• Demonstrate an understanding of criminology as a science by focusing on the framework of
criminology and the role of the criminologist.
• Give an exposition of the factors that contribute to crime.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the field of forensic criminology by giving an exposition of the
value as well as the application of forensic criminology in the criminal justice system.
• Understand the coordinating nature of forensic criminalistics by referring to the need for the crime
investigator and other experts to work together.

6.3 Learning presumed to be in place

No prior knowledge in this field is required to achieve the outcomes of this module.

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 7

6.4 Credit map and notional hours
The number of credits allocated to a module indicates the volume of learning required for the completion
of that module and is based on the concept of notional hours. Given that this module carries a weighting
of 6 credits, it follows that you should spend an average of 6 x 10 hours of study in total on the module (1
credit = 10 notional hours). This includes time for lectures, assignments, projects, tests and exams. This
means that you should spend approximately:
6 x 10 → 7 weeks = 8½ hours per week on this module.

6.5 Module structure

The structure for KRM110 (Section A) is as follows:
Notional
Study units Method of instruction Date
hours

Orientation Contact session 1 20 February

Contact session and class 20, 22 & 27

1. Crime and Criminology (Chapter 1) discussion 12 February
2. Factors that contribute to crime in South Africa Contact session and class 29 February &
discussion 12 5 March
(Chapter 6)
3. Forensic Criminology in South Africa (Chapter Contact session and class 7, 12 & 14
discussion 16
15) March
4. The coordinating nature of Forensic Contact session and class 19 March, 9
Criminalistics (Chapter 16) discussion 16 April &11 April
21 March – 1
UP Recess
April

Semester test preparation Contact session 2 April

Study for the semester

No lecture 1 4 April
test
Please see ClickUP for
Semester test 1 4 April
venues
Venue and time will be
Test back 15 April
arranged

Memo discussion and exam demarcation Contact session 1 16 April

Total 60

7. Study units
7.1 Study unit 1: Crime and criminology
Demonstrate an understanding of the concept criminology as a science. Specific unit outcomes to
achieve this aim are subsequently provided.

7.1.1 Unit outcomes

At the end of this unit you will be able to:
• Explain how the media can influence people’s perceptions of crime.
• Explain whether the administration of justice should be based on the community’s normative
judgements and values or should it be an objective scientific approach.
• Distinguish between the juridical and non-juridical definitions of crime.
• Explain what status offences are and include examples.

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 8

 • Define the concepts statutory crime and common-law crime.
• Describe the role of the criminologist.
• Discuss the study field of criminology.
• Define criminology from a juridical and non-juridical perspective.
• Explain what criminalisation and decriminalisation entails.
• Give an exposition of the five theoretical approaches to crime.
• Describe the new developments in criminology in your own words.

7.1.2 Assessment criteria

The specific unit outcomes as set out above will be assessed in the test. In depth knowledge of every unit
outcome is required to answer the questions in the test.

7.1.3 Preparation for class

Read the following chapter:
Bezuidenhout, C. 2020. Crime and Criminology. In: Bezuidenhout, C. (Ed.). A Southern African
perspective on Fundamental Criminology. 2nd ed. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Learning.

7.1.4 Activity during class

• Discussion relating to the influence of the media (newspapers, television, movies, music) on
people’s perceptions of crime.
• Discussion about values, norms and prejudices as well as the interest of the community during the
administration of justice and the regulation of society. During this discussion the focus will also be
on the debates surrounding the criminalisation or decriminalisation of certain acts.

7.2 Study unit 2: Factors that contribute to crime in South Africa

Demonstrate an understanding of this unit by providing an explanation of the factors that contribute to
crime in South Africa. Specific unit outcomes to achieve this aim are subsequently provided.

7.2.1 Unit outcomes

At the end of this unit you will be able to:
• Discuss socio-economic conditions as a predisposing factor to crime. Refer to poor living
conditions as well as material and financial needs.
• Explain how disorganised communities contribute to crime.
• Discuss the subculture of crime.
• Explain how living in a gangland may contribute to criminal behaviour.
• Describe how crime syndicates sell drugs out of buildings.
• Briefly describe the significance of theory in explaining crime in South Africa.

7.2.2 Assessment criteria

The specific unit outcomes as set out above will be assessed in the test. In depth knowledge of every unit
outcome is required to answer the questions in the test.

7.2.3 Preparation for class

Read the following chapter:

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 9

Zinn, R. 2020. An overview of factors that contribute to crime in South Africa. In: Bezuidenhout, C. (Ed.).
A Southern African perspective on Fundamental Criminology. 2nd ed. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Learning.

7.2.4 Activity during class

• Analysis of case studies to identify possible factors that contributed to crime.
• Discussion about the complexity of crime prevention initiatives.

7.3 Study unit 3: Forensic criminology in South Africa

Demonstrate an understanding of the field of forensic criminology by providing an exposition of the value
as well as the application of forensic criminology in the criminal justice system. Specific unit outcomes to
achieve this aim are subsequently provided.

7.3.1 Unit outcomes

At the end of this unit you will be able to:
• Map the origin of criminology and forensic criminology.
• Distinguish between criminology, applied criminology and forensic criminology.
• Identify the role of the forensic criminologist.
• Discuss the application of forensic criminology within the criminal justice system (pre-trial phase,
trial phase and post-trial phase).
• Evaluate the value of pre-sentence reports and victim impact statements.
• Discuss the problems associated with forensic criminology.

7.3.2 Assessment criteria

The specific unit outcomes as set out above will be assessed in the exam. In depth knowledge of every
unit outcome is required to answer the questions in the exam.

7.3.3 Preparation for class

Read the following chapter:
Ovens, M. 2020. Forensic Criminology in South Africa. In: Bezuidenhout, C. (Ed.). A Southern African
perspective on Fundamental Criminology. 2nd ed. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Learning.

7.3.4 Activity during class

• Analysis and evaluation of a pre-sentence report.
• Discussion of practical examples of a pre-sentence report and a victim impact statement.

7.4 Study unit 4: The coordinating nature of forensic criminalistics

Demonstrate an understanding of the coordinating nature of forensic criminalistics and describe the need
for collaboration between the crime investigator and other experts. Specific unit outcomes to achieve these
aims are subsequently provided.

7.4.1 Unit outcomes

At the end of this unit you will be able to:

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 10

 • Define the concepts criminal investigation and forensic criminalistics.
• Distinguish between forensic tactics and forensic techniques.
• Explain the crime scene as a source of information during a criminal investigation.
• Discuss the fundamental practices during the processing of the crime scene.
• Explain why effective criminal investigation is dependent on good collaboration between the
criminal investigator and the experts in specialised fields.
• Give an exposition of the forensic services that are available to criminal investigators.

7.4.2 Assessment criteria

The specific unit outcomes as set out above will be assessed in the exam. In depth knowledge of every
unit outcome is required to answer the questions in the exam.

7.4.3 Preparation for class

Read the following chapter:
Klopper, H. 2020. The coordinating nature of forensic criminalistics. In: Bezuidenhout, C. (Ed.). A Southern
African perspective on Fundamental Criminology. 2nd ed. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Learning.

7.4.4 Activity during class

• Application of forensic criminalistics by means of case studies.

8. Assessment
8.1 Assessment policy and approach
All information relating to the Department’s assessment policy and approach is described in the Teaching
and Learning Guide, which is available on ClickUP.

8.2 Assessment opportunities

Semester test
The semester test is scheduled for Thursday 4 April 2024 from 17:30 – 18:20.
(Please see ClickUP for information regarding the test venues – grouping according to surnames).

Work demarcated for the semester test includes Chapters 1 and 6.

8.3 Examination
See policy on examinations in the Teaching and Learning Guide.

For the purpose of this section (Fundamental Criminology) of KRM110 the exam will cover Chapters 15
and 16.

8.3.1 Final marks for the KRM110 module

Progress mark: 50% based on the following weights:
Section A (Fundamental Criminology) – 50%

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 11

 Section B (Violent crime) – 50%
Examination mark: 50% The examination consists of Section A (Fundamental Criminology) and Section
B (Violent crime)
Total: 100%

Developed by: Dr Karen Booyens

Date: 2016
Revised by: Dr Karen Booyens
Date revised: January 2024

© 2024 University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities 12