Ohm’s Law  A thin wire has more resistance.

At constant temperature, the current flowing through a conductor is directly (iii) Nature of the material of the conductor.
proportional to the potential difference across its ends.
(iv) Temperature of the conductor.
𝑉 (𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝐼) =  The resistance of all pure metals increase on rising the temperature and decreases
𝑅 (𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
on lowering the temperature.
 The current is directly proportional to potential difference.
 If the potential difference (𝑉) across the ends of a conductor is doubled, the Resistivity
current (𝐼) flowing through it also gets doubled. The resistivity of a substance is numerically equal to the resistance of a rod of that
 If the potential difference (𝑉) across the ends of a conductor is halved, the current substance which is 1 metre long and 1 square metre in cross-section.
(𝐼) flowing through it also gets halved.
 The current is inversely proportional to resistance. SI Unit of resistivity is ohm-metre (Ω 𝑚).
 If the resistance (𝑅) across the ends of a conductor is doubled, the current (𝐼)
Resistivity does not depend on length or thickness. It depends on nature of substance
flowing through it gets halved.
and temperature.
 If the resistance (𝑅) across the ends of a conductor is halved, the current (𝐼)
flowing through it gets doubled. 𝑅×𝐴
𝜌=
𝐼
Related Questions
𝜌 (resistivity), 𝑅 (Resistance), 𝐴 (Area of cross section), 𝑙 (Length of the conductor)
Q.1: Potential difference between two points of a wire carrying 2 ampere current is 0.1
volt. Calculate the resistance between two points. Related Questions

Q.2: A simple electric circuit has a 24 V battery and a resistance of 60 ohms. What will Q.1: A copper wire of length of 2 𝑚 and area of cross-section 1.7 × 10−6 𝑚2 has a
be the current in the circuit? The resistance of the connecting wire is negligible. resistance of 2 × 10−2 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠. Calculate the resistivity of copper.

Q.3: An electric iron draws a current of 3.4 A from the 220 V supply line. What current
will the electric iron draw when connected to 110 V supply line?
 Good Conductors: Those substances which have very low electrical resistance are
called good conductors.
 Resistors: Those substances which have comparatively high electrical resistance
are called resistors.
 Insulators: Those substances which have infinitely high electrical resistance are
called insulators.
Q.2: A copper wire has a diameter of 0.5 𝑚𝑚 and resistivity of 1.6 × 10−8 Ω 𝑚.
(a) What will be the length of this wire to make its resistance 10 Ω?
(b) How much does the resistance change if the diameter is doubled?
Q.3: A 6 Ω resistance wire is doubled up by folding. Calculate the new resistance of the
wire.
Combination of Resistors

Factors Affecting the Resistance Of A Conductor Resistance in series

(i) Length of the conductor. When two or more resistances are connected
end to end consecutively, they are said to be
 The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length. connected in series.
 A short wire has less resistance.
Resultant Resistance: The combined
(ii) Area of cross-section of the conductor (thickness). resistance of any number of resistances
 Resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to the square of its diameter.
connected in series is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.

𝑅 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + ⋯ . +𝑅𝑛

Resistances in Parallel

When two or more resistances are connected between the same two points, they are
said to be connected in parallel.
S ience By Nick
Resultant Resistance: The reciprocal of the
combined resistance of a number of resistance in
parallel is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of
all the individual resistances.
1 1 1 1
= +
𝑅 𝑅1 𝑅2
+⋯
𝑅𝑛 Class 10th
Related Questions
Q.1: If five resistors, each of value 0.2 𝑜ℎ𝑚, are connected in series, what will
be the resultant resistance?
Electricity | Resistivity & Resistance
Q.2: If 3 resistances of 3 𝑜ℎ𝑚, connected in parallel, what will be the resultant
resistance?
Q.3: How should the two resistances of 2 𝑜ℎ𝑚 each be connected so as to
produce an equivalent resistance of 1 𝑜ℎ𝑚?
Q.4: In the circuit given below, the current flowing across 5 𝑜ℎ𝑚 resistor is 1
amp. Find the current flowing through the other two resistors.

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