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Y%S ,xldj( cúfm iy úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
Sri Lanka: The JVP and the executive presidency
fla' r;akdhl úisks
2009 Tlaf;dan¾ 10
Y%S ,dxlsl úreoaO mlaIhla jk ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqk ^cúfm&" rfÜ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
wfydais lsÍu" wo Èk meje;afjk ol=kq m,d;a iNd
ue;sjrkh we;=¨" ish kd kd m%ldr Woaf>daIkj,
m%Odk foaYmd,k igka mdGh njg uE;l isg m;a
lr f.k we;' lsisfjl= cúfm jdpd,hka úYajdi
lrkafka kï" Tkak oeka b;ska ta mlaIh ckdêm;s
uys k a o rdcmla I f.a ta l dêm;s j d§ úêl% u j,g
úreoaOj m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska /l.ekSug igka
jÈk ùrfhl= njg m;aj isákafka h'
1978 § olaIskdxYsl tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ^tcdm&
is ÿ l, jHjia : duh fjkia l ïj, fldgila
yeáhg we;s flrekq úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
rdcHfha yd wdkavqfõ m%Odkshdg wiSñ; n,;,
,nd fokakls' rdcmlaIf.a w;" fuu ;dkdka;rh"
jHjia:djg o ffk;sl moaO;shg o md¾,sfïka;j = g
o ms , s l = , a iy.;j i,lk foa Y md,l-ñ,s g ß
l,a,shl flakaøia:dkh njg m;aj we;' rdcmlaI
ckdêm;s mukla fkd fõ¦ wdrlaIl weu;s iy
uq o ,a weu;s o fõ' wdka v q f õ ;S r k .ekS f ï
l%shdj,sfha ienE flakaøh ù we;af;a leìkÜ
ukav,h fkd j ckdêm;s f,alï ld¾hd,h hs'
ta fldhs yeá fj;;a" cúfm Woaf>daIkh jQl,s
kreu iy.; l+fgdamdhls' tla w;lska tys b,lalh
jkafka .ïno ckhd w;r tu mlaIhg mej;s iydh
úhelS hk ;;= hgf;a rel=,a § th h,s kxjd
.ekSu hs' wfkla w;ska" rdcmlaI ;ka;%h l,
idmrdë l%shdj,g ;uka ms¥ mdmS iydh jix lr
.ekSu hs' fï w;r uq,a ;ekg m;a jkafka fou,
B,ï úuqla;s fldá ^t,aààB& ixúOdkhg tfrysj
rdcmlaI h,s werUQ jd¾.sl hqoO
a hg;a tys fldgila
yeáhg yuqodj idudkH fou, jeishka u; j.
úNd.hla ke;sj l, fndaïn fy,Sïj,g iy
wdkavqjg ys;mlaImd;S >d;l l,a,s l, —w;=reoka
lsÍï˜ iy >d;kj,g;a Tjqka ms¥ iydh hs' tfuka
u" uehs udifha § t,aààBh mrdchg m;a jQ miqj
idudkH fou, jeishka 250"000lg wêl ixLHdjla
1
oejeka; /|jqï l|jqrej, .d,a lrkakg wdkavqj
.;a mshjrg o cúfm iydh fohs'
wf.dai;a f
= õ § cúfm yÈisfhka u úOdhl ckdêm;s
l%uh wfydais lsÍug n, lrñka ksfõok ksl=;a
lrkakg fhÿfka" wfm%a,a udifha § meje;aùug
kshñ; md¾,sfïka;= uy ue;sjrkhg l,ska tk
wjqreoafoa uq, § B,Õ ckdêm;sjrkh meje;aùfï
ie,iqï .ek rdcmlaI iy wdkavqfõ kdhlhka
we.jq ï ls Í u;a iu. h' ckdêm;s Pka o h
mj;ajkakg kshñ;j we;af;a 2011 wjqreoafoa § jqj;a
Y%S ,xldj ;=< o cd;Hka;rj o wd¾Ól w¾nqoh jvd
krl w;g yefroa§ ;ukag mj;sk iydh ;j ÿrg;a
ksielj u úhelS hkq we;ehs rdcmlaI meyeÈ,sj
.kka n,hs ' ñ,s g ß ch.% y kh —idufha iy
iuDoaêfha˜ kj hq.hla wdrïN lrk njg Tyq
foiQ uqidj, oekg u;a m,a, f.dia yudr h'
ckdêm;sjrkh cúfm wìuqj WNf;dafldaálhla
u;= lrhs' 2005 §" ;ukaf.a u wfmalI
a lfhl= bÈßm;a
fkdlrkakg th ;Skaÿ lf,a h' uq,a j;djg fmr
wjqreoafoa § weu;slï Ndr .ekSfuka miqj" .ïno
isxy, ckhd we;=¨ uyckhd w;r ;ukag mej;s
iydh fõ.fhka ì| jefgñka ;sfnk nj cúfm
f;areï .;af;a h' cúfm ;ukaf.a Ôjk ;;ajhka
jeä Èhq k q lr fo;ehs .ïno is x y, ckhd
n,dfmdfrd;a ; = j is á fha h ' bÈka " is h Pka o
lvdjeàu t,sorõ fj;ehs ìh ù ;ukaf.a u
ckdêm;s wfmalaIlfhl= bÈßm;a fkdlrkakg
;Skaÿ l, cúfm ta fjkqjg rdcmlaIf.a ue;sjrk
Woa f >da I khg iydh fokq ms k s i Tyq iu.
wjfndaO;d ,shú,a,lg w;aika ;eî h'
isjq jirlg miqj" cúfm uqyqk fok ÿIalr;d
lsysm .=khlska j¾Okh ù we;=jd mukls' mlaIh
md,l ikaOdkhg tl;= fkd ù úreoaO mlaIfha
/£ isákafka" fndfyda ÿrg u wdkavqj tkak tkak
u ish ckms%h Ndjh wysñ lr .ksñka isák ksid
h' fldfydu kuq;a ta w;f¾ u" 2006 § rdcmlaI
rg wdmiq hqoaOfhys .s,a,oa§ cúfm Tyqg uq¨ukska
u iydh ÿkafka h' tfuka u" jev lrk ckhd u;
w¨;a nrnoao,a megjQ Tyqf.a hqo whjehj,g iy
ÿIag yÈis kS;s n,;,j,g;a th Pkaÿh ÿkafka h'
mlaIfha ckms%h Ndjh tkak tkak u msßfyoa§
cúfm md¾,sfïka;= lkavdhfï kdhlhdj isá
úu,a ùrjxYf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a bka leã .sh
lkavdhula .sh wjqreoafoa wfm%a,aj, § wdkavqjg
tlaúh'
fï wjqreoafoa meje;ajqkq m,d;a iNd ue;sjrkj,
uE; u jgfha § cúfm Pkao m%udkh lvdjegqks'
tys m,d;a iNd wdik .kk" uOHu m,df;a § 12
isg ìxÿj olajd o jhU m,df;a § 6 isg 1 olajd o
niakdysr m,df;a § 23 isg 3 olajd o my; jeák'
wo Èk meje;afjk ol=kq m,d;a iNd ue;sjrkfha
m%;sM,h o óg iudk ùug bv we;'
B,Õ wjq r eoa f oa § ;uka f .a u ckdêm;s
wfmalaIlfhl= bÈßm;a lsÍug cúfm ;Srkh
lf,d;a Tjqkaf.a uyck iyfhda.h úhelS f.dia
we;s nj jvd;a l,t,shg tkq we;' fï ksid Tjqkga
b;sß ù we;af;a wñysß úl,am folls( tkï tlaflda
2005 § l,d fia rdcmlaIg Woõ lsÍu hs" ke;a kï
olaIskdxYsl tcdm wfmalaIlhdg rel=,a §u hs' fï
wkqj" úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lrkakg
cúfm lrk le|ú,af,ys .eí jkafka foaYmd,k
Wmdudrejls - tkï rdcmlaIg tfrysj Woaf>daIkh
lrk njg ;¾ckhls¦ tfuka u ckdêm;s Pkaoh
l,a oukakg lrk lkak,õjla iy ;u ;uka
w;r ikaOdkh h,s w¨;a lr .; yels njg bÕshls'
jev lrk ckhdf.a m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;sjdislï
wdrlaId lsÍu iu. Bg lsisÿ iïnkaOhla ke;'
wf.daia;= udifha § rdcmlaIg ,smshla hjñka
;ukaf.a —Woaf>daIkh˜ Èh;a l, cúfm t;eka
mgka tu ,smsh ;ukaf.a m%isoaO /iaùïj, § o
iïuka;%kj, § o fnod yer we;' cúfm f,alï
á,aúka is,ajd ,shQ ta ,smsh l,ska ue;sjrkhla
meje;aùfï ie,iqu .ek;a 2005 § cúfm iu.
tlÕ jQ mßÈ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais
lrkakg rdcmlaI wiu;a ùu .ek;a je,fmhs'
—Tng ,enqkq ckjru .ek lsis u ;elSula ke;sj"
rg fjkqfjka cúfm iu. w;aika l, wjfndaO;d
.súiqu mfilg oeóu iodpdrd;aul fkdjk
l%shdjls˜ hs m%ldY lrk Tyq" —;j;a
ckdêm;sjrkhla meje;aùfï woyi w; yer oud
fmdfrdkaÿ jQ mßÈ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais
lsÍug mshjr .kake˜hs rdcmlaIg lksmks oa ï lshhs'
ue;sjrk lghq;= ms,sn| tlÕ;djla jQ wjfndaO;d
.súiqu cd;sh iu. we;s lr .;a mqckSh .súiqula
2
yeáhg ksrEmkh lsÍug cúfm orkakd jQ m%h;akh
úldrhls' rdcmlaI ,nd .;a mgq ch.%ykh w;a
lr .kakg cúfm Tyqg Woõ lf,a Tyqf.a —uyskao
Ñka;k˜ jev ms,sfj, oßø;dj iy ú/lshdj
úi£fï o m%cd;ka;j % d§ whs;j
s dislï wdrlaId lsÍfï
iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍfï o Wmdhla f,i Tc
jvñks' ;dkdka;rfha jev Ndr .;a jyd u ;uka
ÿka fmdfrdkaÿ mfil ,E rdcmlaI" uq, mgka u
wjfnda O ;d .s ú iq f ï fla k a ø S h moku ù ;s n Q
t,aààBhg tfrys hqoaOh h,s mgka .ekSu i|yd
läkï mshjr .;af;a h'
oeka th B,Õ wjqreoafoa ue;sjrkj,g ,l ,Eia;s
fjoa§" cúfm wdmiq j;djla Pkao odhlhka uq,d
lrkakg jehï lsÍfï b,lalh we;sj úOdhl
ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍfï b,a,Sug h,s mk §
we;' Tjqka ol=kq m,d;a iNd ue;sjrk Woaf>daIkfha
§ fn¥ m;% s l dj,s k a m% l dY jQ f ha cúfm hkq
—m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë md,khg˜ úl,amhla o
—hymd,kh˜ ,Õd lr .ekSfï udOHhla o nj h'
ta fldfydu kuq;a" cúfm jd¾;dj fmkakqï lrk
yeáhg kï tys úreoaO;ajh uQ,O¾u mokï lr
.efkkakla fkd j foaYmd,ksl Wmfhda.s;dj
mokï lr .;a;la jkq we;'
1960 § cúfm f.dv ke.=fõ ud´jdoh" liaf;%dj
a doh
iy isxy, ck;djdoh mokï lr .;a .ß,a,d
ixúOdkhla yeáhg h' 1983 § t,aààBhg tfrys
isú,a hqoaOh mqmqrd hdfuka wk;=rej" cúfm
fõ.fhka ol=kg .uka lf,a h' th bkaÈhdkq
idu idOl yuqodjla mgjd .egqu wjika lrkakg
m%h;ak oerE 1987 bkaÿ-,xld .súiqu cd;sh mdjd
§ula hehs fy,d oelafla h' 1980 .kkaj, w. §
cúfm *eisiaÜjd§ ikakoaO uerfhda tys foaYfma%ó
Woaf>daIkhg tla ùu m%;slafIam l, lïlrejka
o jD;a;Sh idx.ñlhka o foaYmd,ksl úreoaOjd§ka
o ish .kkla >d;kh lr oeuQy'
yeu úg u cúfm m%Odk idudÔh moku jQfha
.ïno ÿ.S isxy, ;rek fm, w;r h¦ úfYaIfhka
u Èjhsfka ol=fkys isxy, ;rekhka w;r h' 1994
§ m%Odk foaYmd,k m%jdyhg tla ùfuka miqj"
tcdmh iy Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh ^Y%S,ksm& hk
m%Odk OfkaYajr mlaI .ek w;Dma;sh jeã toa§
mlaIh jevodhS wdrlaIl lmdghla f,i l%h s d;aul
úh' Y%S,ksm wfmalaIsld pkaøsld l=udr;=x. úOdhl
ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lrk njg fmdfrdkaÿ jQ
miqj wehg wkq.%y oelaùula yeáhg cúfm 1994
ckdêm;s ;r.fhka bj;a úh' tfy;a wE blaukska
u tu fmdfrdkaÿj mfil ,Ejd h' wjqreÿ yhlg
miqj 2001 §;a wE h,s;a tu m%;s{dj u cúfmg
ÿkakd h' ta md¾,sfïka;f
= õ nyq;rh mj;ajd .kakg
weh oerE wid¾:l m%h;akhl § h'
md¾,sfïka;=fõ md,kh w;a lr .;a tcdmh 2002
§ t,aààBh iu. igka úrduhlg w;aika ;eî h'
th wdkavqj;a ckdêm;s Oqrh;a w;r fmdrhla
ks¾udkh lf,a h' túg;a ckdêm;s ;k;=r oerefõ
l=udr;=x. h' úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wjika lsÍug
le|jqï lsÍu fjkqjg" igka úrduhg úreoaO;ajh
mE cúfm lf,a" tcdm wdkavqj fmr,d oeóug;a
kj ue;sjrkhla meje;aùug;a ;uka i;=j ;sfnk
m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë n,;, fhdod .kakd f,i
l=udr;=x.f.ka b,a,d isák Woaf>daIkhla wdrïN
lsÍu hs' cd;sl wdrlaIdjg ydks lrkafka hehs
lshñka 2003 fkdjeïn¾ udifha § wdkavf
q õ m%Odk
weu;sjreka ;sfofkl= ;k;=rej,ska my l, úg;a
wk;=rej 2004 fmnrjdß udifha § uq¨ wdkavqj u
mkakd yeß úg;a cúfm l=udr;=x.g yqf¾ oeó h'
tfõf,ys cúfm f,alï á,aúka is,ajd Pkaofhka
f;aÍ m;a jQ wdkavj
q n,fhka my lsÍu hql;
a s iy.;
flrefõ t,aààBh iu. fudk hï fyda idu
.kqfokqjlg ;ukag we;s úreoaO;ajh h,s m%ldY
lrñks ' —fïl Y% S ,xldjg ;S r kd;a u l ld,
mßÉfþohla˜ hehs Tyq lshd isáfha h' —fïl wd.u
.ek" l=,h .ek fyda o¾Ykh .ek i,lkak
mq¨jka ld,hla fkú" fïl fnÿïjdoh [t,aààBh]
mrdch lrkak;a yeu m%cdjlg u uyck ys;jd§
jk foa Y md,k jd;djrkhla we;s lrka k ;a
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ckdêm;s;=ñhg iydh fjkak ´k ld,hla' tal
lrkak kx m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë n,fõ. mrdch
lrkak wms iQodkï fjkak ´k'˜
wdkavqj n,fhka my lsÍug Tkak fukak ;shd
cúfm l=udr;=x. iu. .súiqulg wiaika ;enqfõ
h' ta 2004 wfm%a,a udifha § meje;afjk uy
ue;sjrkfha § taldnoaOj Woaf>daIkfha fhfokakg
o lDIsl¾u" iq¨ l¾udka; iy ëjr weu;slï
cúfmg ysñ jk ikaOdk wdkavj q la f.dv k.kakg
o u. yod .ksñks' Tjqka ;dkdka;r oerE ld,h
jirlg mukla iSud úh' tfy;a th ikaêia:dkhla
nj Tmamq jkakg kshñ;j ;sìk' cúfm weu;sjre
wdka v q f õ fj,| fmd, ys ; jd§ kHdh m;% h
l%shd;aul lroa§" .%dóh wd¾Ólh È.ska È.g u
msßfyoa§" cúfm m%Odk mlaI folg úl,amhla
hehs l,ska i,ld f.k isá ëjrfhda o f.dúfhda
o iq¨ jHdmdßlfhda o l,lsÍug m;a jQy'
cúfmg mej;s iydh lsis úfgl;a h,s m%lD;s
;;a;ajhg m;a ù ke;' úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
wfydais lrkakehs th lrk le|ú,a, jQl,s uxuq,d
iy.; m%h;akhls' tys b,lalh jkafka" rdcmlaIg
iy Tyq f .a hq o a O hg ;uka mq o k iydfhka o
úfYaIfhka u fou, ckhdg tfrys rdcH u¾okhg
;uka fok wkqn,fhka o tfuka u jev lrk
ckhdf.ka nyq;rh uqyqk § isák .eUqre jk
idudÔh iy wd¾Ól w¾nqohg wduka;%kh lsÍu
i|yd ;ukag lsis u m%;sm;a;shla ke;slfuka o
wjOdkh bj;g fhduq lsÍu hs'