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(l( 011-2799432 *elaia( 0112799432

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cd;Hka;rjd weilska
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flsocialistparty@gmail.com / www.flsocialistparty.com

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yd ixialD;sh u; fnod fjka lr tlsfkld
urd.ekSug i,iajk b;sydih h<s m%;sksudKh
fjka ;sf' fkka k l=Kq fjka rdm;a
fjka wnqohg hka ;sfnk ,dxlSh
miq.d Okjdoh ish .e,f ud.h f,i
h<s;a jrla f;dard f.k we;af;a mS; ckhd
fjka lr i;=re lsuhs' l,la fou< ckhdg
tfrysj Tijk ,o wj,dod;aul m%pdrl
w ka uqia,s ckhdg tfrysj Tijd we;'
isxy, iy uqia,s ck;dj w;r cd;sjdofha;a
wd.jdofha;a I iqrejd yeug rdcH
wkq.%yfhka jHdmD;s . yefrk fujka
fudfyd;l jf jHdmdrfha j.lSu ;j;a je
;sf'
kj ,snr,a Okjdoh fndkmdjd
^we;e *eisia ,CIKo iys;j& wdlD;shla
;=< ixhqla; lr.;a rdcmlaI fruh iudch
;=< b;sj we;s kreujdoh" miq.d;ajh yd
w;au flakaSh;ajh ish n, jHdmD;s fjkqfjka
uekka l<ukdlrKh lrka is' f ;;ajh
bfha jf jHdmdrhg .; yels ud.
fudkjdo@ tlaflda wjia:df je jdis fidhk
m%dfhda.sljdofha yd ckm%shjdofha wka;h we;'
ke;ak iudcfhka uqukskau fhda iudch
w.;sfha .s,S hoa yqol,dj mdY=oaO;djfha
/ isf udj; we;' tjeks wka;hla f;dard
.ekSf wjika m%;sM,h jkafka jf jHdmdrh
tlaflda yq Wkak;sld;ajfha m%;s.d rxpq
.eiSula uhs' ke;ak th ir, yd yqol,d
kdu mqjrejla njg m;auhs' tu wka;hg
.uka lsf wjika m%;sM,h jkafka ju i;=
.e,jqldr Njh helS hduhs'
ienE jf jHdmdrhg we;af;a mka;sh
ms<sn| j.lS iy.; njls' mka;sfha
w.;Ska Nd; lr n,h i|yd fl ux
;ekSf foaYmd,kh;a mka;sh w.;shg f.dre
lr mlaIh w;s msis ksldhla njg m;a
lsf foaYmd,kh;a hk folu m%;slafIam
l< hq;af;a tfyhsks' jf foaYmd,kh
m%;skreujdofha foaYmd,khla fkdf' uq
iudchu kreujdofha .s,S hk g ju
thg kreujdofhkau ms<s;=re fokafka ke;'
jdudxYsl jHdmdrh i;= udkjjd idrhla ;sf'
tu udkjjdoh mka;suh fLd fnd| jQ hqla;
yeSula fkdf' tu idrh jkdys ma,jjd
jHdmdrfha ,k nj" juh nj yd mka;s
mlaImd;S;ajh i,l=Kq lrk udkjjdohls'
ka ,dxlSh iudchg wjYHj we;af;a fmrgq.dhdf.a ldhNdrhhs' tu ldhNdrh
kreujdoh m%;s ksudKh lsula fkdjk nj
h<s;a lsj hq;=h'
OfkaIajr md,lhka ish n, jqjukdjka
fjkqfjka lD;%suj jOkh lrk cd;sjdofhka
wd.jdofhka f.da;%jdofhka ksOk mka;sh
m%uqL mS;hka .,jd .ekSf fmrgq.d
ldhNdrh i|yd b;sydi lr<sfha ;srh
jr ;sf' f fudfydf;a Okjdofha kj
jOkhkao iudc {dkfha ixlSK;ajhkao
.%y lr .ekSug is lrk ish odYksl
yUd hdj,g udkh idrh ms<sn| oYlhla
wm uqiq l< hq;af;a tfyhsks' ju yq Ydia;%Sh
Ihla fkdf' th il, O mS; ckhd ms<sn|
mka;s fm%aufha Woaf.h;a" mka;sfha i;=rkag
tfrysj wef,k ffOhj;a cjh;a uqiq jQ
foaYmd,khls' wo wm uqyqK fok wNsfhda. ch
.; yelafla tjeks foaYmd,khlska muKs'

kSjdys tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj ysl fldif

ieisjdrh .ek;a hqo wmrdO .ek;a udkj ysl .ek;a
l;d nyla h<s rg ;=< ksudKh fjka mj;skjd' f
.ek mlaIh ork woyi l=ulao@
hqoaOfha wjika whf Yd, msila h .shd' we;e
wh tu ixLHdj 40000la nj lshkjd' ;j;a wh ,laIhla"
,laI fol ;=kla nj;a lshkjd' ixLHd fldfydu jqK;a
Yd, msila h .sh nj iarhs' hqoaOh wmrdOhla'
hqoaOh kue;s wmrdOhg m%Yakh wik Tn;a uu;a we;=
wms yeu fokdgu j.lSula ;sfnkjd' wdKavqjg ta .ek
iqfYaIS j.lSula ;sfnkjd' t,a'''B'hg;a tfyuhs'
je.sreKq yeu f,a jla .eku wfma iudch j.lsj
hq;=hs' ka Tjqkag hqla;sh bgq lsu ms<sn|j idlPd
fjkjd' u<jqkag hqla;sh bgq l< yels fjkafka kej;
tjeks ;;ajhla Wod u je<elafuka' j;a jk hqo
ka;hkag;a hqla;sh bgq l< hq;=hs' tjeks mshjrlska
f;drj ienE m%;sixOdkhla h:d:hla njg m;a
jkafka kE' m%Yakh th lrkafka tlai;a ckmoh m%uqL
hqfrdamd rgj,aj, uey;aulskao tfia;a ke;ak isxy,"
fou< mS;hkaf.a taldnoaO;djla iskao@ wrdcHjd
rgj,a ksYaphlrejd njg m;au ms<sn| wmg ielhla
;sfnkjd' brdlfha" we*a.ksia:dkfha is fkdjQ fohla
,xldf lrkak Tjqka ;e;a lrk g tys jxpksl
iajNdjhla fmfkkjd' tjeks uey;aulska fjkafka
rdcmlaI n, jHdmD;sh ;j;a Yla;su;a u' hqla;sh bgq
lsu .ek wmg ;sfnkafka iduQysl j.lSula' ta i|yd
wd;ah jYfhkq;a fN!;sl jYfhkq;a iudcfha is h
hq;= fjkial .Kkdjla ;sfnkjd' iudc {dkfha is
h hq;= jOkhla ;sfnkjd' ta i|yd ork W;aidyhlska
f;drj ndysr uey;a is jqjfyd;a hjq,la ksudKh
f' ta jf.au wrdcH frdaOhl kka ienE
m%;sikaOdkhlg ndOd lsf m%;s.d l%shdjkag bvu
;j;a kdYhla ksudKh lrhs'
wdKavqj fukau we;e iq OfkaIajr fldgiaa f ;;ajh
mok lr f.k cd;sjdoh W;alYhg kexf W;aidyh
Tn olskafka fldfyduo@
f wrdcH frdaOh jHdchla' foaYmd,k n, l%Svdjla'
wo rg ;=< bhg f.fkk cd;sljdoh" foaYfm%auh jeks
ixl,amj,g ;jrg;a ;sfnkafka tys YofldaI w:
fkdfjhs' ta jpk ;r Is; jQ lD;slrKh jQ
m%;s.d;ajfha w;fldjla njg m;a jQ jpk ;j
;sfnkafka iaj,amhhs' cd;sljdoh fyda foaYfm%auh
f,an,h hgf;a f lrkafka w.;Ska idOdrKSlrKh
lsu' f iq OfkaIajr fldgia lrkafka Okjdoh;a
wrdcHjdoh;a tlsfklska fjka lr,d ta folg tla tla
wjia:dj, fjk fjku myru' wms;a wrdcHjdohg
reoaOhs' kuq;a ta wrdcH frdaOh ngysr frdaOhla
fkdfjhs' iq cd;slhkag tfrys frdaOhla fkdfjhs'
ta wrdcH frdaOh tkafka m%dfoaYShjd fyda m;a
udkisl;ajhlska fkdfjhs' kj ,snr,a Okjdoh mrdch
lsf wfma W;aidyh ,xldj ;=< imQrK lrkak
ne nj wms okakjd' wfma wrdcH frdaOh ,xldf
Okjdohg tfrys wr.,fhau .=jla' wfkla w;ska th
cd;sljd woyilska fkdj cd;Hka;rjd woyilska
tkafka' ,xldj muKla fkdj iuia; f,dalhu
wrdcHjdofha .%yKhg k;= fj,d nj wms olskjd'
wms wrdcHfrda jkafka f m; .,jd .kakd
ufkdaNdjhlska fkdfjhs' cd;Hka;rjdoh u; mok
fj,d'
kj ,snr,a Okjdoh ;=< wrdcHjdoh l%shd;aul jk
wdldrh;a" mfha rgj, md,lhkaf.a cd;sjdoh;a ykd
.kafka fldfyduo@
kj ,snr,a Okjdofha wdlD;sh .ek Yah mru
ksh;hla kE' th tla tla rgj, l%shd;aul fjkafka
O wdldrj,ska' iuyr rgj, kj ,snr,a Okjdoh
tkafka kj fldkaifjdohla iu. w;sk; ne|f.k'
cd;sljdohhs" kj ,snr,a Okjdohhs tlsfklg mi ;=re
jf.a u;=mska n,k g fmkqkg mfha rgj, fjd
w;r ;shqKq wka; inkaOhla ;sfhkjd' f,dafla yeu
;eku kj ,snr,a Okjdoh l%shd;aul fjkafka isx.mamQref" uef,aishdf fyda fydxfldxj, l%shd;aul
fjk wdlD;sfhka fkdfjhs' ksoiqkla hg bkahdj
;=< kj ,snr,a Okjdoh jev lroa Ysj fiakd jeks
cd;sjd lKavdh tys w;HjYH iydhl n,weKshla'
,xldf;a cd;sljdoh yd kj ,snr,a Okjdoh w;r
ixlSK wka; inkaOhla ;sfnkjd' kj ,snr,a
Okjdofha foaYmd,k wdlD;sh f,i uq.aO cd;sjdohg
mjd mj;skak mqjka nj f,dalfha WodyrKj,ska
fmakjd' ,xldf;a l%uh mj;skafka miq.d;ajh Nd;
lrka' ta ksid mfha rgj, kj ,snr,a Okjdohg"
wrdcHjdohg tfrys igk iu. iudc miq.d;ajhg
tfrys wr.,h taldnoaO l< hq;=hs'

wrdcHjdohg tfrys foaYmd,k l;sldj ;=< cd;sljdoh

u;=u wksjdhhlao@ wrdcHjdoh iy cd;sljdoh iu.
tlg igklg jf jHdmdrfha uey;au fln h
yelso@
cd;sljdofha uq,a OfkaIajr l%uh wdrNfha cd;sl rdcH
ysu olajd b;sydihlg j hkjd' tfy;a cd;sl
rdcHhg ke;s wdkqNdjhla" f.!rjhla ,nd cd;sljdoh
W;alYhg kexjQfha fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka miqj
flakaishdkq Okjdoh wdlD;shla f,i lr,shg tau;a
iu.' ta ;;ajh ;=< cd;sl wdlh" cd;sl ixialD;sh"
cd;sl iajdm;Hh jeks ixl,am ixjdo ;,hg wdjd' wo
kj ,snr,a Okjdoh ;=< f.da,Sh m%d.aOkhg ndOdjlska
f;drj f,dalh mqrd ie irkak bv ,nd we;s
;;ajhla ;=< OfkaIajr u;jdoh foaYmd,k jYfhka
cd;sljdoh fmdaIKh lrkjd' wrdcHjdohg tfrysj
uq,a ld,fha mek ke=fka cd;Hka;rjd l;sldjla' ju
wrdcHjdohg tfrys jqfKa mgq fldfojd w:hlska
fkdfjhs' wrdcHjdoh" fjk;a jpkhlska lshkjd
k f.da,Sh Okjdoh merou i|yd il, f,daljdiS
ksOkhka tl;= lsu ;=<hs wrdcH frda fmruqK
yefKa' kuq;a 1990 f,dal fldhqksia jHdmdrfha we;s
jQ miqnEu;a iu. wrdcH frdaOfha kka cd;sljdoh
;rla fkdfjhs" Wu;= cd;sljdoh yd wd.l
uQ,Oujdoh mjd ysi Tijka ;sfnkjd' Bg fya;=j uq
f,dalhgu wrdcHjdohg tfrys cd;Hka;r mudKfha
l,amhla Yajdi lrkak ne ;;ajhla Wod ;su'
th mrdch l< yelafla f.da,Sh mudKfhka jf
jHdmdrh Yla;su;a lsfuka' ,xldj ;=< .;a g rdcmlaI
wdKavqj" rjxY" fy< Wreuh we;= msia bm;a lrk
cd;sjdoh" cd;sljdohla fkdj mgq cd;sljdohla' th wju
jYfhka ,xldj kue;s cd;sl rdcHh ;=< m%;sikaOdkh
yd ixialD;sl jOkhj;a ms<s.kafka kE' f cd;sjd
,x.=fjka ksoyia fkd ,xldf iudchg b
meje;aula kE'
fmrgq.d iudcjd mlaIh mq,a wrdcH frdaOhla
foaYmd,k Nd;d;aulj f.k tkafka fldfyduo@
wms wrdcHjdoh iudcfha wdl" foaYmd,k" iudc"
ixialD;sl wd O laIa;% ;=< l%shd;aul lrk
l%shdld;ajhkag tfrysj jk wr.,h iu. iudcfha
miq.d;ajhg tfrysj lrk wr.,h taldnoaO lrkjd'
wrdcHjdoh iy Okjdoh tlsfklska fjka jQ m%mxp
f,i olskjd fjkqjg wrdcHjdoh" Okjdofha
m%d.aOk taldldr jOkfha iqfYaIS wjhla f,i
olska tu wr., fnod fjka lsf foaYmd,kh mrdch
lsug l%shdld fjkjd' wms wrdcHjdka is lrk
w; fm .ek jf.au O cd;sl m%cdjkaf.a ienE
m%;sikaOdkhla" f.!rjdka;" iudkd;au;d ;hla
ms<sn|j;a ixfhs' wmg wrdcHjdoh .ek ;sfnkafka
mq,a .%yhla' th yq cd;sjd" <sx ue ixialD;sl
frdaOhla fkdfjhs' wms wrdcH frda fjkafka
fou< cd;slhd fyda uqi,audkqjd hgm;a lrkak"
isxy, ckhdf.a w.;Ska Nd; lr,d n,hg mdr lmd
.kak m%;s.dkaf.a oelafuka fkdfjhs' wmg wrdcH
frdaOhzmskaZ tk i;=frl=g tfrys m%ydrhla fkdfjhs"
wm ;=<u jk wr.,hla' fmrgq.d iudcjd mlaIh
Yajdi lrkjd" wrdcHjdoh merou w;S;hg h<s
hdfuka is l< fkdyels nj' wrdcHjdohg tfrysj
wms Tijkafka ksOk mka;sfha cd;Hka;rjdofha Och'
wrdcHjdoh ienE f,iu mrdch l< yels jkafka
f,dalh mqrd mS;hkaf.a taldnoaO wr.,hlska muKhs'
cd;sljdoh lrkafka wrdcHjdoh ;j;a Yla;su;a lrk
tl' f fudfydf;a wrdcHjdofha .e,jqldrhd ;uhs
cd;sljdoh'

04

ju 2013 fmnrjd
ckjd

wrnqoh hqla;s iy.; lsu yd

ld,S
wdl
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weUq,a lSu

' tia' mS' ma,ia n iykh wys u ksid we wf,h wvq ,dN fgqj my;
je we;s njj meye,sh' ,xldf uq mkhkj,ska 35]la muK is flfrkafka hqfrdamd
ix.ufha rgj,gh' ;j;a 21]la weuld tlai;a ckmohgh' tu rgj, n iyk
wj,x.=u wdlfha nrm;< | jejula iksgqyka lrkq we;' fuu wnqofha uq
nr megfjkafka llrejd u;gh'

2013 fmnrjd 18 k zf,srZ mqj;am;
jd;d lrk wkaoug 2010 jif isg 2012 jir
olajd wdl wnqoh fya;=fjka jid ouk ,o
we ludka; Yd,d .Kk 186ls' tys /lshd l<
llrejka 2"17"000lf.a /lshd wys ;sf' mqj;am;
jd;d lrk wkaoug f wnqofha m%Odk;u fya;=j
hqfrdamd ix.uh u.ska ,xldjg ,nd fok ' tia' mS'
ma,ia n iykh wfydais lsuhs' f w;r cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqo, ,xldjg ;j;a Khla ,nd u m%;slafIam
lr we;s w;r w;a ksjd lrd,a uy nexl=f
wm;sjrhd yd wrdcHjd uQ,H ixOdkj,ska
Kh wjYH ke;ehs jyis nia fodvjd ;sf' fmdf
wdKavqf weu;sjre ' tia' mS' ma,ia iykh fyda
Kh .ekSu fjkqfjka ,xldj wrdcHjdkaf.a
fldkafoaisj,g hg;a fkdjk njg isxy kdo
mj;ajka is' fuu ;;ajh b;du ishq f,i .%y
lr .; hq;=j ;sf'
' tia' mS' ma,ia n iykh

cd;Hka;r fj<|df ' tia' mS' yd '
tia' mS' ma,ia hk kj,ska ye|skafjk n iyk
j. folla ;sf' ' tia' mS' hkq bx.%Sis NdIdfjka
Generalized System of Preference hk jpk fl
lr ;kd.;a fhuls' isxy, NdIdfjka th zfj<|
jrKhka ms<sn| fmd kshduhZ f,i k l< yel'
1968 fj<|du yd ixjOkh ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a
Wkagdla iuqf fhdackdjlg wkqj fuu n iykh
l%shd;aul h' ta wkqj rgj,a 176la iska ksIamdokh
lrk NdKav 6200la i|yd wdkhk ;Sre ,sys,a flf'
,xldjgo ' tia' mS' n iykh rn wdY%s; ksrIamdok"
ridhk jH" iq wmkhk fNda. we;= NdKav j.
.Kkdjla i|yd 1974 isg ,eKs' fujeks iykhla
ksid ,xldj jeks rgj,ska fjk;a rglg hefjk
NdKavj, , wvq jk w;r tu iykh ksid ixj;
rgj, NdKav iu. ;r. lsf yelshdj ,ef'
' tia' mS' ma,ia hkqfjka yekafjkqfha fjk;a n
iykhls' th zfYaI m%;s,dN iys; fj<| jrKhka
ms<sn| fmd kshduhZ f,i isxy, NdIdfjka k l<
yel' 2004 foienrfha iqkd jHikfhka miqj 2005
fuu n iykh ,eKs' fmdf mfha rgj,a 16lg
wod<j fuh l%shd;aul f' ' tia' mS' ma,ia iykhg
wkqj ,xldfjka ta rgj,g f.kajk NdKavj, ;Sre
n 12'5]lska wvq lrkq ,nhs' tg ,xldf NdKav ,
wvqjk ksid fj<| fmdf<a fYaI jdishla ,nd .;
yelsh' ,xldf fuu.ska jeu jdis ,nkafka we
ludka;hhs' we ludka;h jirlg fvd,
,shk 3500l ludka;hla jk w;r llrejka
3"50"000lf.a ldj iemfhkafka tu ludka;h
yrydh' g wu;rj fjk;a wdY%s; fiajdjka iemhSu
yryd mjq,a ,laI oyhla muK we ludka;h
ksid ldj imhd .kakd nj .Kka n,d we;' ' tia'
mS' yd ' tia' mS' ma,ia n iyk w;r fjki jirlg
fvd, ,shk 560la muK f' tk ' tia' mS' ma,ia
iykh wfydais jqjfyd;a jirlg fvd, ,shk 560l
w,dNhla isf'

we ludka;fha wnqohg ' tia' mS' ma,ia
wys u ;SrKd;aul n,mEula lrk kuq;a tlu
fya;=j th fkdf' we ludka;h je jYfhka
wdkhkh u;o mok jQ wmkhk ludka;hls'
ksoiqkla f,i fmdaisf,aka ludka;h.;a g th
ishhg ishhlau ,xldj ;=<ska imhd .kakd wuqjH
u; l%shd;aul f' kuq;a we ludka;h i|yd
wjYH fnd;a;" kQ,a wd fhojq wdkhkh lrkq
,nhs' ta wkqj th Y=oaO wmkhk jkdlu wvq
ludka;hls' tksidu ,dN fgqf idfmalaI
wvqula ish yelsh' wfkla w;g we lafIa;%fha
wdfhdacklhkag ,xldjg jvd ,dN Y%uh iys; fjk;a
rgj,a yuq we;' nx.,dfoaYh jeks wdishdkq rgj,o"
we;e wm%sldkq rgj,o llre Y%uh ,xldjg jvd
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wdrNl m%d.aOkh f jk g imQK lr f.k
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ludka; Yd,d jeiSug fya;= ;sf' kuq;a ' tia' mS'
ma,ia n iykh wys u ksid we wf,h wvq
,dN fgqj my; je we;s njj meye,sh' ,xldf
uq wmkhk j,ska 35]la muK is flfrkafka
hqfrdamd ix.ufha rgj,gh' ;j;a 21]la weuld
tlai;a ckmohgh' tu rgj, n iyk wj,x.=u
wdlfha nrm;< | jejula iksgqyka lrkq we;'
fuu wnqofha uq nr megfjkafka llrejd u;gh'

/lshd wysu tla me;a;ls' wfkla me;af;ka ,dN

fgqj my; jeu ksid wdh;k yslrejka w;sld,
lmd ouka is' meKSf ukd" fndakia yd fjk;a
ukd lmamd lrka is' ;ju;a /lshd wys fkdjQ
llrejkaf.a ;;ajho fojdplhla njg m;aj ;sf'
wdKavqj ' tia' mS' ma,ia n iykh wys jQjdg l
ke;ehs lshkafka fun ;;ajhla ;=<h'

fufia n iykh wys jkafka wehs@ hqfrdamd
ix. fr.=,dis 980$2005 hgf;a n iyh .kakd
rgj,a tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixOdkfha m%{ma;s 27lg
w;aika ;nd tajd l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' ,xldjg '
tia' mS' ma,ia wys jkafka f m%{ma;s W,a,x>kh
lsu ksid i wrdcHjdkaf.a foaYmd,k" wdl
fldkafoais ms<sfkdmeu ksid fkdf' ksoiqkla f,i
2010 cq,sfha weuld tlai;a ckmoh ,xldjg wod<j
n iykh bj;a lf<a ,xldj cd;Hka;r llre
ixOdkh ksfoaY lr we;s llre kS;s ms<sfkdmeu
ksidh' hqfrdamd ix.uh 2010 fmnrjdfha th wfydais
lf<a hymd,khg wod< kS;s ;s ,xldj ;=< l%shd;aul
fkdu ksidh' wdKavqj ish taldm;s yeisu yd
IKh hqla;siy.; lrkakg fjd wrdcHjd
n,mE nj mjihs'

Kh inkaOfhka ;;ajho fufiah' wdKavqj
fvd, ,shk 2'6l Kh uqo,la cd;Hka;r uQ,H
wruqof,ka ,nd .;af;a f ish fldkafoaisj,g
tl fjks' f jk g ,xldf uq Kh m%udKh
fvd, ,shk 22'81la jk w;r ta w;s jeka;
Kh m%udKh .kq ,enqf wrdcHjdkaf.a ish
fldkafoaisj,g tl fjks' 2012 jir w. Nd.fha
uqo,a wud;HdxYfha f,al mS' ' chiqkaor ;j;a
fvd, ,shkhla uQ,H wruqof,ka ,nd .ekSug
wfmalaId lrk nj lSf f fldkafoais .ek
fkdk fkdf' kuq;a uQ,H wruqo, ;j;a Kh
,ndu m%;slafIam lr ;sf' bka wk;=rej wdKavqj
zwrdcHjd fldkafoais wkqj wmg Kh tmdZ lshkafka
fmdl=r lvd .ekSug fkdyels jQ khd weUq,hs
1' is,a iy foaYmd,k whs;Ska ms<sn| cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sh
2' wdl" iudchSh yd ixialD;sl whs;Ska ms<sn|
cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sh
3' jd.sl u mqxl yd wmyrKhkag tfrys cd;Hka;r
m%{ma;sh
4' ldka;djkag tfrysj is jk u mqxl yd wmyrKh
ms<sn| m%{ma;sh
5' jo yd wudkqIsl l%shdj,g tfrys m%{ma;sh
6' <ud whs;sjdisl ms<sn| m%{ma;sh
7' jd.sl ixydrj,g yd o~qjj,g tfrys m%{ma;sh
8' /lshd i|yd wju jhia iSud
9' <uhska llrejka fia fhdojd .ekSu ;yk lsu yd
<ud wmyrKhg tfrysj l%shdud.
10' n,y;aldr llre fiajd ;yk lsu
11' n,y;aldr llre fiajdj ms<sn| m%{ma;sh
12' ia;%Ska yd mqreIhkag iudk w.he;s fiajd i|yd
iudk jegqma ,nd u ms<sn| m%{ma;sh
13' /lshd kshqla;slhkaf.a f.!rjh /lshd yd Tjqkag u
mqxl fkdlsu ms<sn| m%{ma;sh
14' /iaf ksoyi iy ixOdk msysgqf whs;sh ms<sn|
m%{ma;sh
15' iduQysl whs;Ska ms<sn| ixOdkh f iy flaj,
lsf uQ,Ou ;yjqre flfrk m%{ma;sh
16' jrKfNaojdoh uokh lsf yd Bg tfrysj o~qj
meKf m%{ma;sh
17' fidaka ;Srh wdrlaId lsu ms<sn| fudka%fh,a
iuq;sh
18' wka;rdodhS wmjH bj;a lsu ms<sn| ndfi,a iuq;sh
19' m%ia;sl ldnksl wm;%lrKh ms<sn| iafgdla fyda
iuq;sh
20' j| hk fYaIhka ms<sn| cd;Hka;r wf,lrK
m%{ma;sh
21' ffcj Odx.SlrKh ms<sn| m%{ma;sh
22' ffcj wdrlaIdj ms<sn| m%{ma;sh
23' foaY.=Ksl fjkia ms<sn| lshdf;da m%{ma;sh
24' u;ajH ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a m%{ma;sh
25' ukig n,mdk T!IO ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a
m%{ma;sh
26' kS;s frda u;ajH yd ukig n,mdk T!IO
m%jdykh ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a m%{ma;sh
27' IKhg tfrys fulaisflda yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a
m%{ma;sh

lshQ l;dj isysm;a lrks' kuq;a Kh .ekSfuka

f;drj ,xldf md,lhskag meje;af ud.hla ke;'
yeuodu;a md,lhska w;s Yd, wh jeh mr;rh mshjd
.kafka Kh .ekSfuks' fujr 2013 wh jefhkao
remsh,a ,shk 507"400l Kh ,nd .ekSug fhdackd
lr ;sf' tu Kh .kq ,nkafka jdKscH nexl=j,ska
by< fmd,shlgh' ksoiqkla f,i miq.sh od uy
nexl=j fvd, ,shk 60l jir ;=klska l,a msfrk
nelr ksl=;a lr we;' ta w;r miq.sh wh jefhka
mqoa.,sl wxYhg foaY Kh .ekSf wjia:dj i,id
we;' ta wkqj miq.shod flduI,a nexl=j fvd,
,shk 75l Kh uqo,la cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dfjka
,nd f.k ;sf' tys 8'5]l msjehla jeh jk ksid
ienE fmd,S ms jeh 14'5]la f' uQ,H wruqof,a
Kh m%;slafIam lsu .ek j.dvnr lshkafka f
wdldrhg je fmd,shg fl ld,Sk Kh .kakd
w;r;=rh'

ta ksid wdKavqj uQ,H wruqof,a Kh fyda '
tia' mS' ma,ia n iykh tmd lshkafka th we;a;gu
wkjYH ksid fkdf' udkj ysl lv lsu" jxpd"
IK je<elaug wiu;a u" jev lrk ck;djf.a
whs;Ska wdrlaId lsug fkdyels u jeks fya;= ksid
f,dalfhka tk mSvkh u yeug;a" wdl lvd
jef jHikfha nr mS; mka;s u; megug;a
Tjqka wruqKq lr f.k is' wdKavqj ck;djg
lshkafka wrdcH frdaOfha kdufhka nv .skafka
isug" uokhg f.dreug yd h hdug iQodk
jk f,ih' wrdcHjd wvh ;=< flakafha rgj,a
mfha rgj,g O fldkafoais meku mrdch l<
hq;= nj meye,sh' tfy;a tf,i mkjk fldkafoais
j. folla ;sf' tla j.hla jkqfha wrdcHjdofha
N+- foaYmd,ksl" wdl wruqKq fjkqfjka jk
fldkafoaish' wdKavqj ta tllaj;a lv fkdlrk w;r
kj ,snr,a Okjdofha fojk bKsu l%shd;aul lrkafka
tajd ms<smks' fojk fldkafoais j.h ie we;af;a
ixj; OfkaIajr rgj, iudchkays m%cd;ka;%jd
im%odhla ;su;a" tys ck;d ixOdkj,ska udkj
ysl" hy md,kh jeks iudc m%cd;ka;%jd igka
mdGj,g f;rmqula ;su;a ksidh' wdKavqj lv
lrkafka tu ksfoaYhkah' tfia lrk w;r ish
w;a;fkdau;sl;ajh" Is; nj yd wdal wnqoh jika
lr .kafka wrdcH frdaOfha igka mdGj,g uqjd
fjks' tu Bkshd wrdcH frdaOh ienkau .;a
l, wrdcHjdoh mj;ajdf.k hdf WmlrKhka
jk w;r tys iuia; nr megfjkafka mS;hd u;h'
j;udkfha foaY Kh yd foaY fj<| n iyk
ms<sn| md,lhka lrk .%yhka jgyd .; hq;af;a tu
moku u; Yla;su;aj fomd ;nd .ksks'

.%yh

ju 2013 fmnrjd

05

miq.d;ajh

iufmalaIKh
fjkqjg j.lSu'''

fm

nrjd
4 jeksod
mej;s
zksoyia kZ W;aijfha
ckdm;sjrhd cd;sjdoh
yd wd.jdoh mrdch
l< hq;= njg m%ldYhla
lf<ah' Bg k follg
miq md,sfka;=f
fYaI m%ldYhla lrka
ksu,a ismd, o is,ajd
weu;sjrhd cd;sjdoh
mrdch lsu i|yd
wdKavqj wIaGdkfhka
l%shdlrk nj mejiSh'
f jk ;=re fou<
ck;djg tfrysj;a
uqia,s ck;djg
tfrysj;a cd;sjdoh yd
wd.jdoh fhdod .;af;a
wo ziu.shZ .ek pdgq
l;d lshk wdKavquh'
fou< ck;dj
nyq;rhla fjfik
W;=f ;ju;a we;af;a
,sg md,khls' miq.sh
foienrfha hdmkh
YajoHd,fha YsIH
kdhlhska .Kkdjla
w;awvx.=jg .;af;a
Woaf>daIKhla is
lsf jrogh' y;a
jeksod ;sklal=r,a fou<
mqj;amf;a fnod yef
ksfhda;hdg myr
Tyqf.a h;=re meh yd
mqj;am;a f;d.h .sks
;nkq ,enqf iEu
mqrjeishka fofokl=g
tla yuqod Nghl= ne.ska
isk hdmkfha zw
wdrlaIs;Z m%foaYhlh'
miq.sh ld,h mqrdu
uqia,s foajia:dkj,g
m%ydr t,a,
lsf isj,;a
uqia,sjrekag
tfrys m%fldamdld
Woaf>daIKj,;a
bfhkau isfha
wdKavqfu fldgialrejkah' ka ys
yefhau wdKavqj
ish m%;sm;a;s fjkia
lr ;sfo@ ke;ak
Tjqka cd;sl iu.sh
ms<sn|j is lrk ;%
m%ldYj,g fya;=j
l=ulao@

2013 ud;=
udifha kSjdys
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj
ysl fldif <
ieisjdrh werfUhs' tys
,xldf wdKavqj iskau
m;a l< W.;a mdv yd
m%;sixOdk fldif
jd;dj wka;.;
lr.;a ksfoaY
l%shd;aul fkdlsu
ms<sn|j ,xldjg tfrys
fhdackdjla weuld
tlai;a ckmoh iska
f.k tk nj Tjqka
kgu;a m%ldY lr we;'
miq.sh jr ,xldjg
mlaIj Pkaoh Nd;
l< fndfyda rgj,a
fujr ish ia:djrh
fjkia lrkq we;ehs
wkdjels m< ;sf'
wdKavqj ish .rd jeu
yd mydksh uOHhfha
meje;au iqrlaIs; lr
.kafka mS; ck;dj
ixialD;sl fn
fLdj,ka fnod
fjkalr mka;sh wiu.s
lr .ekSfuks' ta wkqj
n,k l, cd;sjdoh yd
wd.jdoh | jefgk
,dlSh
miq.d OfkaIajrfha
.= ld,Sk Wmdhud.
hls' kuq;a ka kSjd
iuqj b,lal lr
f.k fl ld,Sk
Wml%u m%fYhlg
meKSug wdKavqjg
isj ;sf' fYaIfhka
ueo fmr. yd W;=re
wm%sldf uqia,s rgj,
Pkaoh kd .ekSug k
wju jYfhka ud;=
udih miqjk ;=re
uqia,s frdaOh hgm;a
l< hq;=h' ck;dj
w;r cd;sfNaofha I
me;srug jD;ju
odhl fjka isg
tlajru kskafoka wj
jQjdla fuka cd;sjdoh
.ek foaYkd meje;aug
wdKavqj lghq;= lsf
ienE fya;=j thhs'
kSjd
b,lal lrf.k
wdKavqj Tijd,kafka

cd;sljdohhs' th
mefKkafka zwrdcH
frdaZ yd zfoaYfm%aZ
f,an,h hgf;ah'
zwrdcHjdkaf.kaZ rg
frd .ekSu i|yd cd;s"
wd. fNaoj,ska f;drj
iuia; ,dxlSh ck;dj
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hehs rdcH rEmjdyskS
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ke;sj lshkakg mgka
f.k ;sf' ud;= udih
miqjk ;=re wdKavqj
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cd;sldhdjZZ wfoaY lrkq
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isxy, nyq;r ckhdf.a
mru i;=rd f,i
fou< cd;slhd fyda
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we;' fufia jka jr
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wd.jdoh wrdcH
frdaOfha kka tk
mgq cd;sjdoh;a yuqf
jf jHdmdrh i;=
j.lSu l=ulao@ th fuu
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mok ms<sn|j jk
idlPdjlskau
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OfkaIajr l%uh ys
jQfha wdl%uKsl
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iajrEmfhks'
,xlSh iudcfha yd
ixialD;sfha fndfyda
wx.;a" wdlfha
we;e wx.;a OfkaIajr
in|;d olajd jOkh
fkdjQ ;;ajh ;=<
OfkaIajr ch muKla
uq,ska W;a;rdfrdamKh
flKs' wfkl=;a
lafIa;%j, OfkaIajr
m%;sixialrK is
lrkq ,enqf tu rdcH
n,y;aldrh yrydh'
tneka ,xlf
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fn,ySk" lD;s yd
miq.d wx. ,laIK
Wreu lr .;a tlls'
miq.d OfkaIajr rgj,

kj ,snr,a Okjdoh
mefKkafka
tjka OfkaIajr
iudchlgh' ,xldj
jeks miq.d rgj,
kj ,snr,a Okjdh
ish meje;au f.dv
k.d .kafka tlS
wjj; nj yd
miq.d;ajh ;=<h'
kj ,snr,a Okjdoh
ish wdrlaIdj
i,id .kafka
miq.d;ajfha
WmlrK Nd;
lrks' ne
ne,aug m%;sfrda
f,i fmkqk;a kj
,snr,a Okjdoh
yd miq.d;ajh
w;r ;ka fjKq
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ksudKh fjka
;sf'
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,xldf fkdiKq
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b;sj ;sf' tksid
,xldf Okjdoh tys
kdhl;ajhkag blauh
fkdyels jQ wjj;"
wix; yd wimQK
,laIK Wreu lr .kS'
kj ,snr,a Okjdoh
mefKkafka tjka
OfkaIajr iudchlgh'
,xldj jeks miq.
d rgj, kj ,snr,a
Okjdoh ish meje;au
f.dvk.d .kafka
tlS wjj; nj yd
miq.d;ajh ;=<h'
kj ,snr,a Okjdoh
ish wdrlaIdj i,id
.kafka miq.d;ajfha
WmlrK Nd; lrks'
ne ne,aug m%;sfrda
f,i fmkqk;a kj
,snr,a Okjdoh yd

miq.d;ajh w;r
;ka fjKq wka;
inkaOhla ,xldj
jeks rgj, ksudKh
fjka ;sf' mfha
rgj,g kj ,snr,a
Okjdoh mefKkafka
tla;rd wdldrhl kj
fldkaifjdohla
iu. w;aje,a ne|f.k
hehs we; odYkslhska
mjikafka tneks'
,xdlf
iudch f.dvke.Sf m%Odk
wNsfhda.h jkafka kj
,snr,a Okjdoh muKla
fkdf' tysu fldgila
jk miq.d;ajho
nrm;< wNsfhda.hls'
cd;sjdoh yd wd.jdoh
jkdys tu miq.d;ajh m%ldYhg m;a
jk wdldrhla muKs'
cd;sjdoh" wd.jdoh
we;= miq.d;ajh
g tfrys wr.,hlg
jf jHdmdrh m%fY
h hq;af;a Wml%l
w:hlska fkdf'
wrdcH frdaOfha yd
foaYfm%aufha f,an,a
hgf;a m%idrKh lrk
cd;sljdoh iu. jug
we;s .kq fokqjo
Wmdudre foaYmd,khla"
f.a foaYmk,hla
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fmruqKq yryd wm
wr.,hg m%fY jkafka
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,laIhl tu w.;Ska
iu. iufmalaIKhfha
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wruqfKka fkdf'
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fyhsks'

tu j.lSu
bgq lsf tlS
fmd fldj

;=< wfoaYmd,ksls
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fukau iq OfkaIajr
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,snr,ajdhd yd
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we;' ta Tjqkaf.a
foaYmd,khg ju
,sf wruqK
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fjkia lsf wruqK
we;sjh' jf jHdmdrh
ksudKh l< hq;=
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mka;sfha t;ru
fldgi yd mka;sfha
yDoh idlaIshla we;s
fldgi hk l=,l
;=fkkau fok l=,lh
;=<sks' jf jHdmdrh
Yla;su;a lsf
nqoau;a nj yd t;r
nj muKla m%udKj;a
fkdjk w;r thg
f,dal fldhqksia
jHdmdrfha ishjia tl
yudrhl b;sydifhka
Wreu lrk ,o
wOHd;auhla yd jdu
yDoh idlaIshla o wjYH
f' miq.d;ajh iu.
iufmalaIKfha fhfok
foaYmd,k iQ wka;=jka
fjkqjg
miq.d;ajh iu.
igka jk ma,jjdka
njg wm m;a jkafka
tu yDoh idlaIsh
wj lr .;fyd;a
muKs' m%;s.d;ajhg
Wmfhda.S;djdohg
wdm;Hjdohg yd
ksldhjdohg tfrys
jula miq.d;ajfha
ish m%ldYkhka iu.
igka jeug wjYH
ffOhu;a jula
f.dvke.sh hq;=h' th
l< yelafla mka;sldur
idlPd ;=< fkdj
uyfmdff<dj u; wmg
wNsuqLjk wNsfhda. u.
fkdyer tajd iu. fmdr
nefuks'

06

llre

ju 2013 fmnrjd
ckjd

Okjdofha
wjudkqIsllrKh
iy
j;= llrejkaf.a
,xldf Okm;s mka;sh j;=
llrejka ,xldf mqrjeishka
f,i fkdie,lSuo ta i|yd wjYH
Ih uQ, jgmsgdj;a ksudKh
lf<ah' ta wkqj meye,s f,iu
,xldf j;= llrejka cd;sjd
mokka jD;a;Sh i;s f,i yd
foaYmd,k mlaI f,i ixOdkh
lsug bkah Okm;s mka;sh tys
ksfhda;hska tjk ,' t;eka isg
l%udkql+,j j;= llrejka Okm;s
mka;sfha cd;sjd foaYmd,kfha
f.drla njg m;alr .kakd ,'
j;= llre fldx.%ih ysu tys
l+gm%dma;sh h' t;eka isg jdudxYsl
jHdmdrh j;= llrejka ixOdkh
lsug uey;a jQfha o yq jD;a;Sh
i;s w:fhka i mq,a jdudxYsl
foaYmd,k w:hlska fkdf'

xldjg Okjdoh W;a;rdfrdamKh lrk ,oafoa

%;dkHhka isks' ta 1815 tjlg mej;s lkao
Wvrg rdcOdksh hg;a lr .ekSu;a iu.
uq ,xldju %;dkHhkaf.a hg;a ;hla njg
m;au;a iu.h' ,xldf Okjd wdlfha wdrNl
iajrEmh jQfha je,s wdlhhs' tk jdKsc fNda.
j.dj ykajduhs' ta i|yd Bg wjYH Y%lhska ol=Kq
bkahdfjka f.kajd .ekSug %;dkHhka iska mshjr
.ekqkq w;r tfia ixl%uKh jQ llrejkaf.ka
,xldf j;= llre m%cdj m%Odk jYfhka mej; ths'
j;auka iuia; ck.ykfhka 9]la muK ksfhdackh
lrk fuu j;= llre m%cdj ,xldf ksOk
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j.djo mok lr .kska inr.uqj" niakdysr iy
ol=K m<d;a ;=<;a j;= llre m%cdj jHdma; is;s'
je,s j.djg wu;rj j;= llre m%cdf ;reK
fldgia fYaIfhkau k.r wdYs%; fjk;a /lshd
i|ydo ixl%uKh isu j;udkfha lsh yelsh'
,xldf W;a;rdfrdams; Okjdoh wdrNl
jljdkqf tys iQrdlEu b;d k.ak iajrEmhlska
ish' tfukau th w;sYh wudkqIsl h' ,xldf
je,s j.dj i|yd %;dkHhka iska fufia /f.k
tk ,o ol=Kq bkah llrejkaf.ka y wvlg
jvd h .sfha l=i.skafkka yd wl iS;,g Tfrd;a;=
fkdfuka ta wdYs%; frda.dndOj,g f.dre fuks'
tu w;alSu jy,a ys iudcfha jyka lsKsf
iy m%jdykh lsf Tjqka uqyqKka brKug
fndfyda fihska iudk h' j;= llrejka wdrNfha
mgkau jegqma Y%lhska f,i ms<sfkd.ekSu;a odi
fiajhg yd jy,a Ndjhg weo oud ;su;a Okjdoh
iska islrkq ,enQ iQrdlEf k.ak iajrEmh
meye,s lrhs' W;a;rdfrdams; ,xldf Okjdohg
^1833& kg jir 175 lg je ld,hla .; ;snqKo
j;= llrejka Okjdofha tys wdrNl wjia:df
uqyqKka odiNdjh iy jy,aNdjfhka ug ;ju;a
iu;a ke;' j;= llrejkag iar ksjdi fyda bv
fyda fkdh' Tjqkag j;a ug is jQfha j;= yshka
iska blrkq ,enQ ,hska ldur fyj;a j;= ksjdi
;=<h' tu j;= ksjdij, fjfik ish fokd j;=
md,lhska iska kshu lrk ,o ish odi fiajhka
bgq lsu wksjdhh h' fjk;a /lshdjl ksr; u
fyda j;af;ka neyer u mxh wys ug fya;= jQ
ksid tfia lsug fkdyels h' th wO jevji
inkaO;djla mj;ajd .ekSula h' Bg wu;rj
j;= llrejkag wju jYfhka iar udisl jegqmla
i|yd fyda yslula fkdh' Tjqkag kshu lrk ,o
ffoksl jegqmlg iy jev i,dlhlg /lshdf ksr;
ug ish' Tjqka zj;a;gZ ne| oud odi fiajfha
fhdojd f.k isk neka wfkl=;a wxY yd iiok
g j;= llrejkaf.a ffoksl jegqm b;du;a my<
ugul mj;ajd .ekSug yels ;sf' fuu ;;ajh
wog;a wvqje jYfhka fkdfjkiaj mj;S' tfukau
ms iy ldka;djka w;r Yd, jegqma mr;rhla
mj;ajd .kskao <ud Y%uh fhdod .kskao OfkaYajr
kS;sfhka ms<s.ekqqkq llre whs;sjdisl mjd j;=
llrejkag wys lr we;'
hg;a ; iufha ,xldf jf
jHdmdrhg Yd, odhl;ajhla iemhSug j;= llre
m%cdj bm;a h' Tjqka uqyqK is mS;Ndjh
fukau jf jHdmdrfha mej;s igkald;ajh;a
cd;sjdohg tfrys foaYmd,k ia:djrh;a Bg fya;=h'
tfy;a miqld,Skj ju wjia:djdohg iy cd;sjd
ia:djrhkag f.dreu j;= llrejka jf
jHdmdrfhka .s,syS hdug m%n, idOlhla f,i
n,mEfh' fYaIfhkau zbkahdf ksoyiZ Bg
iu.dj z,xldf ksoyiZ tk foaYSh Okm;s
mka;shg bkahdf iy ,xldf foaYmd,k n,h
%;dkHhkaf.ka ysu;a iu. fuu ixlSK
foaYmd,k ;;ajh we;sh'
,xldf j;= llrejkaf.a foaYmd,k
iydh tjlg mej;s jdudxYsl jHdmdrhg ys u

foaYmd,k wNsfhda.hla f,i ie,l+ Okm;s mka;sh

j;= llrejkaf.a m%cd whs;sh wfydais lsug;a ^Pkao
n,h& tk mqrjeisNdjh wfydais lsug;a kS;suh
mshjr .kakd ,' th mrdchg m;alsug tjlg
mej;s ju wfmdfydi;a h' Bg iu.dj bkah
Okm;s mka;sho ,xld j;= llrejka bkah cd;sl
Okm;s foaYmd,k jqjukdjka i|yd fhdod.ekSug
W;aiql h' ,xldf Okm;s mka;sh j;= llrejka
,xldf mqrjeishka f,i fkdie,lSuo ta i|yd
wjYH Ih uQ, jgmsgdj;a ksudKh lf<ah' ta wkqj
meye,s f,iu ,xldf j;= llrejka cd;sjd
mokka jD;a;Sh i;s f,i yd foaYmd,k mlaI
f,i ixOdkh lsug bkah Okm;s mka;sh tys
ksfhda;hska tjk ,' t;eka isg l%udkql+,j j;=
llrejka Okm;s mka;sfha cd;sjd foaYmd,kfha
f.drla njg m;alr .kakd ,' j;= llre
fldx.%ih ysu tys l+gm%dma;sh h' t;eka isg
jdudxYsl jHdmdrh j;= llrejka ixOdkh lsug
uey;a jQfha o yq jD;a;Sh i;s w:fhka i mq,a
jdudxYsl foaYmd,k w:hlska fkdf'
j;udk ;;ajh .ek ie,lSf tys m%Odk
idOlhla jkafka je,s wdlh uqyqK we;s
wnqoh ykd .ekSuhs' ,xldf wdlh ;=< je,s
wdlfha mx.=j l%ul%ufhka ySk fjka hk nj
wdl o;a; Yaf,aIKfha ykd.; yelsh' f
ksid wdluh jYfhka j;= je,s j.dj wNdjhg
hdu;a iu. j;= llre m%cdjo ;jrg;a tys ie,lsh
hq;= f.drla njg m;au je<elah fkdyelsh' f
ksid j;a; ;=< Tjqkaf.a /lshd wjia:do tkak tkaku
ySkfjka mj;sk w;r jegqma ;=< we;s uQ; w.ho
my< jefgka mj;S'
f w;r j;= llrekaf.a ;reK m%cdj
k.r iy fjk;a /lshd i|ydo ixl%uKh jkafka
fuu ;;ajh ;=<h' fYaIfhka ta i|yd jqjo mQK
ksoyia ;;ajhla ksudKh lsug j;= md,kh
iy wdKavqj ;ju;a lghq;= lr ke;' ;jrg;a ta
i|yd iSud mkjka w;a;fkdau;sl md,khla j;=
md,lhska wkq.ukh lrka is' flfia fj;;a
mj;sk wnqoh ksid k.rhg meKs j;= llre
;reK m%cdjo cd;sl mSvkhg;a fia iQrdlEug
iy wkdrlaIs;Ndjhlg m;a lsug lghq;= lr we;'
j;udkfha f ish mSvdjkaf.a f.drla njg j;=
llrejka m;aj we;'
j;= llre m%cdj ixOdkh lsf u;=jk
m%Odk;u ndOlhla jkafka Tjqka ;ju;a cd;sjd
mokka Okm;s foaYmd,khg ne| oud ;suhs' ta
Tjqka w;sYh iudc-wdl mSvkhlg muKla
fkdj nrm;, cd;sl mSvkhlgo hg;a fldg we;s
fyhska u;= we;s ;;ajhhs' j;udkfha fuu
cd;sjd Okm;s foaYmd,kh wdl yd ixialD;sl
fjf<|fmd<la f,i o ls%hd;aul fjka mj;S' ta
wkqj ;%mg" .S;" rEmjdyskS pek,a wd jYfhka kj
,snr,a Okjdofha iy tys ish wruqKq iu. iY%j
cd;sjdoh j;= llre m%cdj ;=< ;yjqre lr we;' kj
,snr,a Okjdoh iska we;s lrk ,o fuu fjkial
fukau j;= wdlh uqyqK isk wnqohkao wfkla
me;af;ka idm%odhsl j;= llre fldx.%ifha Okm;s
cd;sjd foaYmd,kh fjkia uqyqKqjrlska j;a; ;=<g
/f.k taug W;aidy .kska ishs' ta OfkaYajr
m%cd;ka;%jd iy wdl m%;sixialrK mok lr
.ksks' mdi,a" frday,a" uydud." ,s n,h jeks
igka mdG uq,alr .kska cd;sjd idm%odhsl Okm;s
foaYmd,khg /l,a uqyqKqjrla ug W;aidy lrka
is' g wu;rj ;ju;a b;d ;ka j;= llrejka
;=< uq,a neif.k we;s jD;a;Sh i;s foaYmd,kh
|fy<Suo ie,lsh hq;= foaYmd,k wNsfhda.hls'
mekfvda,a fm;af;a isg fmd,Sishg uey;au olajd
ish iqnidOk lghq;= bgqlsf uqjdfjka jD;a;Sh
i;s j;= md,lhska iu. tlaj j;= llrejka
iQrdlEu mj;ajdf.k hdug lghq;= lrhs' ta i|yd j;=
llrejkaf.ka ie,lsh hq;= idudl uqo,lao whlr
.kakd nj fuys i|yka l< hq;=h'
fuu ;;ajh hgf;a j;a;g kj ;djhlska
jdudxYsl foaYmd,kh /f.khdf wNsfhda.h
llre jHdmdrh yuqf mj;S' tys j;= llrejka
yq jD;a;Sh i;s w:fhka fkdj Tjqkaf.a idudh"
ixialD;sl" wdl fukau foaYmd,k ksoyi
mok lr .kska j;= llre m%cdj ixOdkh
lsug m%fY u ta i|yd w;sYh ksudKd;aul
jkq we;' tfukau j;= llrejkaf.a iu whs;sh
fjkqfjka foaYmd,k wr.,hla wdrN lsu fiiq
llrejkaf.ka iy llre jHdmdrfhka j;=
llrejka yqfol,du je<elaug;a j;= llrejka
;=< uq,a neif.k we;s cd;sjd mgq iSud wneu;a
b;d ksudKd;aul foaYmd,k m%fYhla jkq we;'
j;= llrejkag iar udisl jegqmla kd .ekSf
wdl wr.,h" j;= llrejkaf.a iu whs;sh i|yd
jQ foaYmd,k wr.,h iu. taldnoaO lr.;a wr.,hla
wjYH jkafka tu w:fhks' mS;hkaf.a wr.,fha
tla fmruqKla f,i j;= llre m%cdj llre
jHdmdrhg tlalr .ekSug yelsjkafka foaYmd,k
jYfhka fukau ixialD;sl jYfhkao taldnoaO;djla
f.dvke.Sfuka muKs' llre jHdmdrfha w;sYh
ksudKd;aul uey;a ula ta i|yd wjYH jkq we;'

wOHdmk

ju 2013 fmnrjd
ckjd

ks-foaYmd,kSlrKhg tfrys

ma,h jHjydrh
,snr,ajd oDIajdoh W;alIhg kxjk yq flaj,-mqoa., ksoyi
w:j;a l< yelaflao Bg tfrys ndOdjkag idfmalaIj muKs' ksiel
f,iu fmd iudh ksoyilska f;dr yq mqoa., ksoyila jHjydl
;fha mej;sh fkdyels w;r ,snr,ajd oDIajdoh yq flaj,-mqoa.,
ksoyi w:j;a lrkqfhao th W;alIhg kxjkqfhao Bg tfrys jHdc
ndOl ml,amkh lrks'

,d

xflah iudc
h:d:h
kj,snr,a
Okjdofha .%yKhg yd
jihg k;= lr.ekSu
mmQK lrka ;sf'
;jrg;a fYaIj mej;s
udkj inkaO;d ^tfia
mej;sfha hehs Tn Yajdi
lrkafka k& wf.
fhka len,slrKhg
,lalsf m%;sM,h fha
mgq fm!oa.,sl;ajh
iska h<s-h<s;a fN!;Siau
lrk ,o yq flaj,mqoa., ;ks ksiqkaf.
ka ms iudc h:d:hla
wm wNsuqj ksudKh
;suhs' tjeks iudchla
foaYmd,kslj ixOdkh
lsu ir, ke;" myiq
ke;' ulaksido" yq
flaj,-mqoa., ;ks
ksiqka njg iudch
len,slrKhg ,lau
hkq iudchla ksfoaYmd,kSlrKfha
.s,Shduhs' tfy;a" fuys
zks-foaYmd,kSlrKhZ
hk jok tys mo.;
wre; blaujd hk
zfoaYmd,khlaZ lefldg
f.k we;s njo ykd.;
hq;=h' ta wkqj ksfoaYmd,kh hkq j;auka
Okjdofha tk"
kj,snr,a Okjdofha
foaYmd,khhs'
fuh
;jrg;a iudcjHjydl wre;lska
meye,s lrkafka
k" foaYmd,kh
idfmalaI wref;ka
iudc iduQysl;ajhla

ksfhdackh lrk
g ks-foaYmd,kh
tlS iduQysl;ajhg
mgyeksj mgq mqoa.,;ajh
ksfhdackh lrhs'
foaYmd,kh ;u iudh
meje;af wkd.;h
wruqKq lrk g ksfoaYmd,kh ;u mgq
mqoa., j;auka fudfyd;
wruqKq lrhs' ta
fjkqfjka wkd.;h mr
;nhs'
ishu j.fha
llrejkaf.a tk"
jegqma ,nk Y%lhskaf.afiajlhskaf.a jD;a;Shjd
wr., ^jD;a;Sh i;s
foaYmd,kh& hkq
iudh ;fha
ufyalaI ;,h ;=<
ks-foaYmd,kSlrKh
m%ldYhg m;au
ms<sn| lemS fmfkk
WodyrKhls' wo fndfyda
jD;a;Sh i;s zIalrZ
wr.,fha isg zikSmZ
iduQysl .siq olajd
miqnei we;af;a fmr lS
ks-foaYmd,kSlrKfha
l+Gm%dma;sh i,l=Kq
lrks' fndfyda
jdudxYsl hehs lshd
.kakd jHdmdro
m%dfhda.sljdofha"
Wmfhda.S;djdofha ziajhx
rlaIs; fldgq mjqreZ ;=<
r r Wkkafjka hq;=j
ks-foaYmd,kSlrKh
wNHdi lrk whqre
pdrlaIsfhka uik
lsisfjl=g jqj ykd
.ekSu wmyiq fkdjkq
we;' jdudxYsl foaYmd,k
jHdmdrho tf,i ksfoaYmd,kh wNHdi
lrk g iudc-mka;s

n,f. ;=< th jvd;a

idrj;a f,i ;yjqre jkq
muKla fkdj hqla;shqla;o jkq we;' f oeka
wm bmsg iajkafka
tn iudc h:d:hls'
ksfoaYmd,kSlrKh"
Okjdofha ^fYaIfhka
kj,snr,a Okjdofha&
.=ld,Sk meje;af
m%Odk foaYmd,k
fldkafoaishhs' th tk"
ks-foaYmd,kSlrKh
hkq Okjd-,snr,ajd
oDIajdoh ksiqka f.a
jHdjydl ;h ;=<
m%ldYhg m;afuka we;s
jk ;;ajhhs' fjk;a
f,ilska lshkafka k
,snr,ajd oDIajdofha
.%yKhg iudc ck
;h f.drefuka
yg .kakd ;;ajhhs'
fuh jgyd .ekSu
myiq lr.ekSu i|yd
,snr,ajdoh hkafkys
foaYmd,k w:h
l=ulaoehs lshd o< fyda
wjfndaOhla ,nd .;
hq;=h' 'Liberal' hk bx.S%is
jofkys YofldaI.;
w:h jkqfha 'willing
to respect and accept
behaviour or opinions
different from one's own.
(Oxford dictionary)' hkakhs'
ka lshfjkafka hful=
;ukaf.ka fjkia jk
phdjka yd woyiaj,g
.relsug yd tajd ms<s.ekSug W;aiqluhs'
fuys lel< w:h
jkafka wka lsisjla
fkdj yq flaj, mqoa.,
ksoyi ms<s.ekSu iy
thg .re lsuh'

flfia fj;;a
,snr,ajdoh hkq
foaYmd,k u;jdohla
jk w;r tu.ska
W;alIhg kxjkqfha
yq flaj,-mqoa.,
meje;auhs" ksoyihs'
tk" tys foaYmd,k
w:h u.ska mru;ajhg
kxjkqfha wfkldf.a
^tk" iudcfha wfkla
idudlhskaf.a& fkdj
;udf.au yq flaj,mqo., ksoyi yd
meje;auhs' ;ud f.a u
jQ yq flaj,-mqoa.,
ksoyi yd meje;au
fjkqfjka iudcfha
kEu idudlhl=f.a
ksoyi yd meje;au mr
;nkakg ,snr,ajd
oDIajdofhka fN!;Siauh
,enQ ,snr,ajdhd
yeugu iQodkh' ta"
;u wi,ajeishdo" jD;a;Sh
i.hdo" ys;j;do" mjqf,a
idudlhdo tk" |iehd fyda orejdo hkak
,snr,ajd oDIajdofha
f.dre njg m;ajQjkg
wod, fkdf' wd;au
flakaSh .Kka ne,Su
mru;ajhg kexjQ
m%d.aOk in|;d u.ska
ish,a, ksKh lrk
Okjdoh ;=< ,snr,ajdoh
jev lrkafka tf,i
i wka lsis f,ilska
fyda fkdf' Tjqka
kEu fgl" kEu
foalg inkaO jkafkao
fndfyda g" fndfyda
foaj,g inkaO
fkdjkafkao ;u flaj,mqoa., ksoyi yd meje;au

wruqKq lrf.kh' ta
wkqj ,snr,ajdoh hkq mgq
mqoa.,;ajh W;alIhg
kxjk ta fjkqfjka
iudh wruqKq yd
mrud: neyer lrk
oDIajdohls'
iudh
wruqKq yd mrud:
neyerlrKhg ,la jQ
iudc h:d:hla hkq
ks-foaYmd,kSlrKh
jQ iudc h:d:hls'
tjekakl iudh
ksoyig w:j;aNdjhla
fkd,efnk w;r
w:j;a l< yels jkqfha
yq flaj,-mqoa., ksoyi
muKs'
flfia fj;;a
ksoyi w:j;a l<
yels jkqfha Bg tfrysj
mj;sk ndOlhkag
idfmalaIj muKs'
ulaksido" kEu iudc
ixoNhl foaj,a
w:j;a l< yelafla
iyinkaO m%;smlaI
f,i neks' ,iaik
w:j;a l< yelafla
wj,iaikg ^le;g&
idfmalaIj muKs' fyd|
w:j;a l< yelafla
krlg idfmalaIj
muKs' wysxidj
w:j;a l< yelafla
ysxidjg idfmalaIj
muKs' mshd w:j;a
l< yelafla .eyeKshg
idfmalaIj muKs' f wd
jYfhks' fuys f,dauho
fufiauh'
,snr,ajd
oDIajdoh W;alIhg
kxjk yq flaj,mqoa., ksoyi w:j;a
l< yelaflao Bg tfrys
ndOdjkg idfmalaIj
muKs' ksiel f,iu
fmd iudh ksoyilska
f;dr yq mqoa., ksoyila
jHjydl ;fha
mej;sh fkdyels w;r
,snr,ajd oDIajdoh yq
flaj,-mqoa., ksoyi
w:j;a lrkqfhao th
W;alIhg kxjkqfhao
Bg tfrys jHdc ndOl
ml,amkh lrks'
ksoyfia .uka lsug
mgq ud. moaO;sh
ndOdjls lvf;d yd
j,j,a .yK ud.h
ndOdjls jdyk ;onoh

07

ndOdjls jdyk ;ono

jk whqka uydud. j,
whs;Ska b,a,d Woaf>daIK
lsu ndOdjls frday,a
j, fyo-fyhka"
ffjoHjreka jevjckh
lsu zksoyiaZ fi!LH
fiajh w;aug
ndOdjls YajoHd,
j, wkOHhk
fiajlhka" wdpdhjreka
jevjckh lsuwr., lsu zksoyiaZ
wOHdmkh ,eug
ndOdjls uyu. irk
g fukau u.S m%jdyk
nia r:fha .uka lrk
g hdplhkaf.a lrorh
ndOdjls uyu. fomi
ksoyi ug zfm
lvZ fkdfyd;a zwkjirZ
cx.u fj<|ie,a
ndOdjls fydre"
uxmyrkakka" Ilhka"
ukSurejka" md;d,hka
wd wmrdOlrejka hehs
ckm%sh l;sldfjka k
,o jqka ;jrg;a zhy;ska
isuZ ;u ysf;a ksoyig
yd ; iqrlaIs;;djg
ndOdjls isxy,hdf.a
ksoyig fou<d iy
uqi,audkqjd ndOdjls
fou<df.a ksoyig
isxy,hd iy uqi,audkqjd
ndOdjls uqi,audkqjdf.a
ksoyig isxy,hd
iy fou<d ndOdjls'
fuf,iu fn!oaOhdf.a
ksoyig yska Nla;slhd"
lf;da,slhd yd bia,d
Nla;slhd ndOdjls'
th wfkla wka;hkag
wod<jo tf,iu
i|yka l< yel' ^oeka
jegfykjd fkao
,snr,ajdhl=g lsis
mels<Sulska f;drj
,snr,ajd udj;
f.a f.dia cd;sjd
yd wd.jd uv
f.dfydrejg jqj .uka
l< yels nj&
oeka wfma zhym;aZ
,snr,ajdhd mSvkhg
,lalrk nrm;,u
.egj jkafka ;u
flaj,-mqoa., ksoyig
ndOdlrk fmr lS-fkdlS
ndOdjka wNsnjkh
lrkafk;a flfiao
hkakh' Tyqf.a fyda
wehf.a iqj kskao k
15 msgqjg'''

ju 2013 fmnrjd
ckjd

fu

jr r< ;=<ska wfma m%Odk

ud;Dldj njg m;a jkafka
bks wjka ;%mgh' bks wjka yryd
,xldf W;=f ka is fjka
mj;sk h:d:h .%yKh lr .kak
wms W;aidy lrkjd' wms f w;sflh
ilia lrka isk w;r fndfyda foa
is fjka mj;skjd' wdKavqj ol=fKa
ck;djg wrdcH frdaOhla ;s<sK
lrkjd' ta wrdcH frdaOh y
mqu tlla' f.da,Sh m%d.aOkhg lsis
ndOdjlska f;drj ,xldj kue;s
mf;a y;r udhs ;rKh lrkak bv
fok w;r" wrdcHjdofha wdl"
foaYmd,k jqjukdjka fjkqfjka
yeu fohlau lrk w;r wrdcH
frdaOhla .ek lshkjd' ta wrdcH
frdaOh wrdcHjdofha meje;afu
w;HjYH fldkafoaishla' ta w;r
O lKavdh fou< frdaOhla
yd uqia,s frdaOhla f.dv kkak
W;aidy lrkjd' isxy,hd j|
hdu ms<sn| ;Hdjlska wdrN l<
f jHdmdrh ka y,d,a frdaOhlg
jOkh fj,d' m%;sikaOdkh .ek"
iu.sh .ek lshk .uka wdKavqj
fou< ck;dj u; uokh uqod
ykjd' th idOdrKSlrKh lrkak
t,a'''B' f,an,a w,jkjd' miq.sh kj, hdmkh YajoHd,fha is
jQ is f i|yd fyd| ksoiqkla'
f.da,Sh
m%d.aOk
wjYH;djkq;a"
,xldf we;e cd;sl m%cdjka uqyqK
fok cd;sl mSvdj;a w;r inkaOh
.fYKh fkdlr f ixlSK;ajh
f;are.kak nE'
cd;Ska f,i tlsfkld w;r fn
fjkaf tlaf .egj f,dalh mqrd
mejf;kafka jir .Kkdjla ;siafia'
tlS .egj ms<sn| f,dalh mqrd
fkdfhla foaYmd,k ixjdo ksudKh
jqKd'
,snr,ajdka"
udlaiajdka"
*eisiajdka fldhs ldg;a tlsfkldg
iqfYaIS jQ u;hla ta w;r jqKd'
W;=f j;a jk idudkH mqrjeishd

lshkafka B<d ikakoaO fld

ixOdkfha" mrdch;a iu. hqouh
jd;djrKhg;a
jvd
jeka;
fojdplhlg
uqyqK
fokjd"
jeka; ,sg uokhlg Tjqka yiq
fj,d" kdY h hq;= ish,a, kdY
fj,d" fN!;slj;a wOHd;alj;a
kdY fj,d' wruqKla ke;s ksiqka
njg m;a fj,d' ;hla ke;s ksiqka
njg m;a fj,d lsh,d'
ta iu.u hqoaOh ksid fou< iudch
ish m%d.aOk .%yKhg yiq lr .kak
mqjkalula ke;sj ysgmq fou<
OfkaIajrh ;ukaf.a .%yKhg W;=f
j;a jk idudkH ksydg yiq lr
.kska bkakjd' tfyu;a ke;sk
W;=f fou< OfkaIajrh ,sg
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fmnrjd
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2013 2013
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10

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11

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fj<| iud.ul jdIsl
jd;djla Wmqgd olajhs'
zbl=;a jir ;r ;enQ
n,dfmdfrd;a;= lv l<
fjk;a jirla fkdjQ
;rh' talu;slju jdf.a
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ uyd
iuDoah fjkqjg miq.sh
jir is my ;=< we;s jQ
w;sYh wffOhj;a jirla
njg th m;a hZ ta jk
g;a m%xYh ;=< zcelZ
kka yekajQ f.d ler<s
we;s fjka mej;sKs'

2004-2006 pkasld
md,k iuh ;=< W;=f
mej;s hqoaOh W;aikak
u;a lgqkdhl .=jka
f;dgqm, m%ydrh;a ta yd
iu.dj mekjQ jrdh
rlaIK wNdrh;a wd
lerKq ksid rg ;=<
nrm;< wdl wnqohla
ksudKh mej;sKs' tu
wnqofhka udrdka;sl
f,i ;=jd, ,eu;a
> hqoaOhla ksid W;=re
kef.kysr N+h ;=<g
jHdma; ug" fkdyelsj
fkdbjis,af,ka n,d
isug isj ;snQ foia
foia m%d.aOkhg fuu
;;ajh ;=< blauka
ldl iduhla wjYHj

mej;sKs' rks,a l%uisxy

ksfhdackh lf<a tu
mSvdjg m;a foia foia
m%d.aOkfha wjYH;djhs'
Tyq ta i|yd
zf.akska Y%S ,xldZ kue;s
kj ,snr,a wdl
jevms<sfj<;a igka rdu
.siqu;a tljr /f.k
wdfh' ^tu jevms<sfj<
wrdcHjdofha N+
foaYmd,k jevms<sfj<
iuo iumd; h& ;ju;a
,dxflah iudcfha id;sYh
nyq;rhla jk .%dh f.d
ck;djo wO kd.l ueo
mdka;sl jD;a;slhskao iq
OfkaIajrho ksfhdackh

mrhd hd fkdyelsj
wNsuqLj is b;d fl
ksfYhla wrdl
iuhla njg m;a h' tu
wrdl;ajfhka Okjdoh
.,jd .ekSug meKs
.e,jqlrejd jQfha uyskao
rdcmlaIh'

ta jk g;a
f.dvkeS ;snQ t,a'''B'
frdaOh ckm%shjd
igka mdGh wyq,d
.;a uyskao th ish
jdykfha bmiska
i lr m%;sreoaO
mka;s lKavdh fol
bfha kj;d,Sh' iEu
fndkmdjd md,lhl=u

l< fy< Wreuh yd

cfm ^f jk g cfm
llre mka;s n,f.
afhkao ie,lsh hq;=
m%;sY;hla kd .ekSug
iu;aj mej;sKs& rks,a
l%uisxy ksfhdackh
l< jHdmD;shg tj
isxy, cd;sjd hqOjd
igka mdG lr,s.; l<y'
Tjqka tu igka mdG
lr,shg .ekSugo fhdod
.;af;a by;ska ia;r
l< wdl yd foaYmd,k
is fm<uh' mka;suh
ixhq;sfhkao" foaYmd,k
igka mdGj,skao
tlsfklg fjkia fuu
n,f. oajhu tlsfkld

yeu gu tjka ckm%shjd

igka mdGhla fidhd
.kS' th fndfyda g
cd;sjdoh" wd.jdoh
fyda fjkh wNHka;r
fyda ndysr i;=frl=g
tfrys iu.shls' tg
ish mka;s lKavdh
ta jgd tlalr .; yel'
fuh *eisiajdohgo
fmd ,laIKhls'
tneka fndfyda fokd
fndkmdjdoh iy
*eisiajdoh mg,jd
.eks;s *eisiajdka
cd;sljdoh igka
mdGh lr .kafka yq
ckm%shdjohla f,i
muKla fkdj" Tjqkag
ta i|yd jQ wdl

jevms<sfj<lao we;' Tjqka

ish cd;sljd igka mdG
iy ,sg hdka;%Kh
fhdod f.k uokld
iy wdl%uKld f,i
ish taldld m%d.aOk
l%shdj,sh fufyhjhs'
kuq;a fndkmdjdohg
tysu jQ" tjka taldld
cjh ;=<ska fmd<Ujk
cd;sl wdl" jqjukdjka
ke;' tksidu ie,eiaulao
ke;'

cuksfha ys
jQ Papan Scheicher f.a
md,kh fndkmdjd
md,khlao *eisia
md,khlao hkak ms<sn|

jevigyklao ke;' th
wfydais WmlrKhla
muKs' thg wK ,e
we;af;a mj;akd foa
wdrlaId lsug muKs'
th mka;sj,g by<ska
keS is' th ish
mQjchd jk iSijdoh
fukau ^rdcdKavqjdoh&
ieu gu" iEu l,aysu
iQrdlkakkaf.a oDvuh
fldgi wkqj hhs'
j;auka fndkmdjdoh
wka lsisjlafkdj uQ,H
m%d.aOkh wkqj hk
th m%fndaOu;a lrk
thg iyfhda.h fok
ks,Odjd fmd,sia udOH

jdohg lreKq olajka

,sfhdka fg%dials fufia
mjid we;'

zck;djg by<ska
keS isk wdKavqj wyfia
wj,nkh jkafka fkdj"
tys ienE md,k wlaIh
fmd,sish" ks,Odka iy
,sg l,a,shhs' th yuqod
fmd,sis wd{dodhl;ajhls'
wmg wNsuqL we;af;a
md,sfka;=jdofha ims<s
hdka;ka we| .;a tfy;a
lvqf n,fhka cd;sfha
ksYaph ,nd fok
wdKavjls' fndkmdjdoh
hkq thhs'

l,a,shls'

lvqjg iajdk

,sfhdka fg%dials

m%xYfha hS
fndkmd n,hg
meKsfha OfkaIajrfha;a"
iq OfkaIajrfha;a
llrejkaf.a;a iNd.
hla ;=<sks' ,xldf
uyskao rdcmlaI n,hg
meKsfhao tfiah' tu
iNd.h f.dvke.Su
Tjqka l%shd;aul jQ whqre
,dxflah w;aoelSug b;d
iurEmSh'
fuys iu.s iudodkh
1849 meje;ajQ m%sh
iNdIKj,ska igyka

ju 2013 fmnrjd
ckjd

ish taldld m%d.aOk

l%shdj,sh fufyhjhs'
kuq;a fndkmdjdohg
tysu jQ" tjka taldld
cjh ;=<ska fmd<Ujk
cd;sl wdl" jqjukdjka
ke;' tksidu ie,eiaulao
ke;'

cuksfha ys
jQ Papan Scheicher f.a
md,kh fndkmdjd
md,khlao *eisia
md,khlao hkak ms<sn|
jdohg lreKq olajka
,sfhdka fg%dials fufia
mjid we;'

zck;djg by<ska
keS isk wdKavqj wyfia
wj,nkh jkafka fkdj"
tys ienE md,k wlaIh
fmd,sish" ks,Odka iy
,sg l,a,shhs' th yuqod
fmd,sis wd{dodhl;ajhls'
wmg wNsuqL we;af;a
md,sfka;=jdofha ims<s
hdka;ka we| .;a tfy;a
lvqf n,fhka cd;sfha
ksYaph ,nd fok
wdKavjls' fndkmdjdoh
hkq thhs'
lvqjg iajdk
jevigyklao ke;' th
wfydais WmlrKhla
muKs' thg wK ,e
we;af;a mj;akd foa
wdrlaId lsug muKs'
th mka;sj,g by<ska
keS is' th ish
mQjchd jk iSijdoh
fukau ^rdcdKavqjdoh&
ieu gu" iEu l,aysu
iQrdlkakkaf.a oDvuh
fldgi wkqj hhs'
j;auka fndkmdjdoh
wka lsisjlafkdj uQ,H
m%d.aOkh wkqj hk
th m%fndaOu;a lrk
thg iyfhda.h fok
ks,Odjd fmd,sia udOH
l,a,shls'
,sfhdka fg%dials

m%xYfha hS
fndkmd n,hg
meKsfha OfkaIajrfha;a"
iq OfkaIajrfha;a
llrejkaf.a;a iNd.
hla ;=<sks' ,xldf
uyskao rdcmlaI n,hg
meKsfhao tfiah' tu
iNd.h f.dvke.Su
Tjqka l%shd;aul jQ whqre
,dxflah w;aoelSug b;d
iurEmSh'

flreKs' tlai;a
jevms<sfj<la flgqm;a
fldg tlai;a ue;sjrK
lgq idod tlai;a
wfmalaIlhka bm;a
flreKs' ksOk mka;sfha
iudh b,a,Sj, ;snQ
ma,jjd uqjy;aNdjh
wfydais l< w;r thg
m%cd;dka;%sl meyehla
,ndks' iq Okm;s
mka;sfha m%cd;dka;%sl
b,a,Sj,ska yq
foaYmd,kuh rEmslh
bj;a lrkq ,enQ w;r tys
iudcjduh meyehla we;s
h'
udlaia tx.,aia f;dard .;a
lD;s 1 fju 161 msg

fuu iu.s
ikaOdk ;=<ska n,hg
mefKk fndkmdjd
md,lhka is lrkafka
tlsfklg m%;sreoaO
mka;Ska ;Dma; lr .;
yels fmd igka mdG
bm;a lrka yels;dla
rgo wk;=rej fl<jrla
fkdue;sj bgq l<
fkdyels fmdfrdka
fokao md,kh f.k
hduh' fuh lsisfia;a

wdm;Hh Wrd .;af;a

llrejkag reoaOj
Okm;shkaf.a whs;sjdisl
wdrlaId lrk nj
wjks' wks;a w;g Tyq
llrejka Okm;shkaf.ka wdrlaId lrk njgo
bs mEfh'Z
udlaia tx.,aia f;dard .;a
lD;s
7 fju 103 msg

by; WodyrKhg
iudk ;j;a WodyrKhla
flfrkaialsf.a
fndkmdjd md,kh .ek
f,kska lrk meye,s
lsulska Wmqgd .; yel'
zbv yshka yd f.dka
isfhao is,a hqoaOhla
woaorh' ksoyi iy bv
w,a,d wr., lrka is
f.dkao we;= ish
fokdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=
o,ajd ;eh yelafla
lsisjla w;a fkdyer
mka;Skag lsis j.Nd.
hlska f;drj fmdfrdka
fok fndkmdjd
wdKavqjlg mKs'
f,kska tl;= l< lD;s
25 fju 223 msg

wdl%uKsl fyda is,a hqoaO iy wdl

wnqo iska rg ;=< nrm;< wrdl;ajhla
ksudKh Okm;s mka;shg rdcH n,h
mj;ajdf.k hdug fkdyels ;;ajhla
ksudKh ;suo ksOk mka;sh th
ma,h l%shdud. ch.ekSu i|yd
fhdod .ekSug ;r iu;a ixOdk
yelshdjla w;am;a lr f.k fkdue;s go
fndkmdjdoh i|yd ire mila ielfia'
m%;sreoaO mka;s folla
tlaj md,kh f.k hdula
f,i jgyd .; hq;= ke;

zish mka;s lKavdh
uqyqK ka wnqo w;r
hS fndkmd f
ish lKavdh tljr
ksfhdackh lrk
iajrEmhla fmkah'
lsis j.Nd.hlska
f;drj tfia ish mka;s
lKavdh fjkqfjka
tlsfklg m%;sfrda
m%;s{du fndkmdf.a
iajNdjhhs'
hS fndkmd
Okm;shkaf.a foaYmd,k

fndkmdjd md,lhdg
tlsfklg m%;sreoaO
mka;s n,f.j,
leue;a; wvq je jYfhka
l<uKdlrKh l< hq;=h'
tfy;a th .= ld,Skj
mj;ajdf.k hd yels
iu;=,khla fkdf'
tneka Tyq ksrka;rfhka
tu mka;s lKavdh
iu. .egq we;s lr .kS'
fndkmdjd wdKavqj,
we;e l%shdud. Okm;s
mka;sfha wruqKq iu.
m%;sreoaO jk wjia:d
we;' ,n f,i tajd
ish n,h /l .ekSug
Wml%l f,i fiiq

n,f.j, b,a,S fj;

kuHYS,s ug isuls'
iq,n f,i ish md,l
l,a,sfha wruqKq yd
Okm;s mka;sfha fmd
wruqKq .efgk gh'

j;auka rdcmlaI
md,kho ;u md,l
l,a,sh fj; ish,a,
uOH.; lr .ekSf
OfkaIajr l%ufha meje;au
fjkqfjka f.dvke.S
mej;s idm%odhsl ;s iy
wdh;ksl jHqy | ouhs'
tu.ska tu hdka;%Khka
rdcH md,kh iu.
m%;sfrda f' fuu
.egqj, m%Odk m%ldYk
;=kla f,i" md,sfka;=
lKavdhf ke;sk
wud;H uKav,h iu.
.egqula f,i ux., iy
Y%Sm;s isuo" yuqodj
iu. isjQ .egqula f,i
ir;a f*dkafiald isuo
wlrKh iu. is jQ
.egqula f,i YsrdKs
nKavdrkdhl isuo
lr,shg meKsfhah'
wfkla w;g uyskao
rdcmlaI fruhg tysu
jQ m%d.aOk yelshdjla
iska fmd<Ujk wdl
ie,eiaula ke;' thg
we;af;a kj ,snr,ajdofha
fojk bksu l%shdjg
kexf fldka;%d;a;=j
bgq lSuh' ta i|yd
bhg ;nk iEu
mshjrla mdidu ksOk
mka;s n,f. iu.
.egq we;s f' lgqkdhl
fj<| l,dmfhao y,dj;
fjrf<ao" .uq l,mqfo
tu .egq m%ldY h'
fuu m%;sfrdaO;dj ;Sj%
jk g th je<elaug
tla w;lska n,y;aldrh
wjYHh' wfkla w;ska
jih wjYHh' leue;a;
kd .ekSu i|yd
yels;dla mka;s igkamdG
hgm;a lr zckm%sh igka
mdG lr,shg f.k wd
hq;=h' f kj, zfnd
n, fiakdZ yryd u;=
lrk uqia,s frdaOho
tjekakls'
fndkmdjd md,khla
meroug tys meje;au
;yjqre lrk oDIajdohg
tfrys u;jduh
jHdmdrhla f.dvke.sh
hq;=h' rdcmlaI frufha
cd;sjdohg" ixjOk

ixoYkjdohg iy
,sg jdohg tfrys
u;jd wr.,hla wjYH
h' th mq,a ixOdk
l%shdld;ajhla Yla;su;aj
jHjydrhg kesh hq;=h'
fndkmdjd md,khla
iudch fj; r|jd
mj;ajd .kakd wdrlaIKh
.s,syS hk g th ish
meje;au i|yd Yajdih
;nkafka n,y;aldrh
fj;h' th yels;dla
ta i|yd jHjia:dkql+,
n,y;aldrhla f.dvk.d
.kS' uyskao rdcmlaI
ishOqr ld,h .= lr
.ekSug 18 jeks jHjia:d
ixfYdaOkh isl<
w;r hS fndkmd m%xY
wdKavql%u jHjia:df 45
jk j.ka;sh ixfYdaOkh
lr isjirlska Oqrh
w;ayeug ;snQ bv fjkia
lr .;afah'
jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla
wrNhd fndkmdjdkaf.a
we;s jQ jqjukdj
f,fyisfhka ia;r
l<yelsh' fndkmd h<s
ue;sjrKhg bm;au
iy Tyqf.a wldh
.a.eiaiu ;yk lrk
45 jeks j.ka;sh wfydais
lr .ekSu Tjqkag wka
yeufoagu jvd jeo.;ah'
udlaia tx.,aia tl;= l<
lD;s
1 fju 207 msg
jHjia:dkql+<
n,y;aldrh f.dvkeSug
rdcmlaI wdKavqj uE;l
kj mk;a folla bm;a
lrk ,' wmrdO kvq
Odk ix.%yh ixfYdaOkh
lsf mk; iy
z;%ia;jdkagZ wkq.%yh
oelaug tfrys mk;hs'
jHjia:dkql=, n,h
uokSh f,i l%shdjg
kef.k g tf;la fmd
ck uki ;=< is rhka
tljr Tjqkag tj Iag
n,hlaj keS ths'
zwjidk jYfhka
kefmda,shkajd ixl,amh
l= .ekafjkafka hqoaO
yuqodf w;sn,j;a
jeo.;alks' hqoaO yuqodj
l=vd bv f.dhdf.a
fYaI f.!rjdorhg
fya;=jla h' ndysr

13

f,dalhg reoaOj kj
foam< wdrlaId lrkao
uE; kd .;a cd;sfha
talSh;ajhg lS;sh
,nd fokao f,dalh
fld,a,lkao iy
ma,jjd lrkao
f.dka rhka njg m;a
lf<a hqoaO yuqodj isks'
Tjqkaf.a tlu rdcH
weu jQfha hqoao weh'
Tjqkaf.a ldjH jQfha
hqoaOhh' mS;D N+h jQfha
ukfiys Yd, fmkqKq
yd jgl=re jQ l=vd bvh'
foaYfm%a;ajh bv
whs;sh wrNhd jQ W;alDIag
rEmldrhh' tfy;a oeka
Tjqkag Tjqkaf.a bv
wdrlaId lr .ekSug is
;sfnkafka fldidlhkag
reoaOj fkdf' msial,a
uq,doEkskag iy wh
n tl;= lrkakkag
reoaOjh' l=vd bvu
;jrg;a mS;D N+h
fkdj Wlia fmdf;ys
igyka we;s" hqoaO
yuqodj ;jrg;a f.d
;reKhdf.a l=iqu fkdf'
udlaia tx.,aia f;dard .;a
lD;s
1 fjj 241 msg
fndkmdjdoh
tys iNjfhkau /f.k
tkafka fl wdhq ld,hls'
tlsfklg mi ;=re
mka;Skaf.a b,a,S w;r
w;=f hk fndkmdjdoh
ish wdhq ld,h >
lr .ekSug iudcfha
mka;s fn m%ldYhg
m;ajk is ijkao
ckm%shjdohla lr,s.;
lrkao jrodk jrm%ido
,nd fokao uokh
iy NS;sfha foaYmd,kh
l%shdjg kkao ish
Wmu W;aidyh orhs'
tfy;a th tu wiu;=,s;
iuh wjika lr oeu
b;sydih mqrd we;s
w;aoelSuhs' m%xYfha
th ma,h r< keS
fm<lg miq OfkaIajr
iuQydKavqjla njg m;a
h' reishdf th
iudcjd rdcHhla jQ w;r
cuksfha *eksiajd
rdcHhla njg m;a h' tu
Ydk;sh ;SrKh jkafka
ksOk mka;s jHdmdrfha
u;jduh iy ixOdkuh
Njfha iajNdjh u;h'

14

wdl

ju 2013 fmnrjd

rcrg jl=.vq frda.h

wnqofha ;j;a m%ldYkhla
msis mdkSh c,h i|yd we;s whs;sh uQ,sl udkj whs;shla jk kuq;a ,xldf
ck;djg tu whs;sh iy;sl lr ug md,lhska iu;a ke;' ,xldf kd.l
ck;djg c, fhdackd l%u yryd k, c,h imhd ;sf' tfy;a oyia .Kkla
h .sh" ;j;a oyia .Kkla ; wjodkulg f.dre we;s m%foaYj,
ck;dj fjkqfjka tjeks jHdmD;shla werug md,lhskaf.a wjOdkh fhduq
ke;' wo jl=.vq frda.fhka mSvdjg m;a m%foaYj, ck;djg msis mdkSh c,h
fjkqfjka igka jeug isj ;sf'

;=re ueo m<df;a

wkqrdOmqr
ia;%slalfha
we;e m%foaYj,ska
jix.;hla f,i me;sfrk
jl=.vq frda.hla fidhd
.kq ,enQ w;r f jk
g th wkqrdOmqrh"
fmdf<dkakrej" jkshdj"
wmdr" ;%sl=Kdu,h"
uvl,mqj" fudKrd.,
ia;%slalj,go me;sfrka
;sf' tneka fuu
m%Yakh b;du nrm;<
iudc m%Yakhla njg
jOkh uq rgu
l%ufhka .s, .kska
;sf' f ms<sn|j ixhqla;
foaYmd,k .%yhla
lr .ekSu fukau fuu
jHikhg tfrysj ck;dj
ixOdkh lsf iy
igka jef j.lSulao
jdudxYsl foaYmd,k
jHdmdrhla f,i wmg
;sf' fuu idlPdj tlS
l%shdld;ajh i|yd jk
wdrNl m%fYhls'
jl=.vq wlukH
f frda.h ms<sn|j
uq,skau wjOdkh
fhduq jQfha 1992
wkqrdOmqr ia;%slalfha
moh m%dfoaYSh f,al
fldGdih ;=< f.dka
70lg jl=.vq frda.
hla je< we;s nj
jd;d u;a ta w;ka 17
fokl= tu jir ;=<u
h hdu;a iu.sks' 2012
jir wjidk jk g
wkqrdOmqr ia;%slalfhka
jl=.vq frda.Ska 11"212lao
fmdf<dkakrej
ia;%slalfhka jl=.vq
frda.Ska 2"957lao jd;d
;sf' wkqrdOmqr uy
frdayf,a jd;dj,g wkqj
2003 yd 2012 w;r jI
kjhla ;=<
jl=.vq frda.h i|yd tu
frdayf,ka m%;sldr .;a
frda.ka 1811la h f.dia

we;' tk wkqrdOmqrfha
muKla jirlg
frda.Ska 201la muK"
;jrg;a lsjfyd;a iEu
k follgu tla
frda.shl= ne.ska jl=.
vq frda.h ksid hhhs'
oeka fuu ;;ajh
l%ufhka wm by; oelajQ
wfkl=;a ia;%slalj,go
jHdma; fjka ;sf'
2013 ckjd udifha
fi!LH wud;HdxYh ksl=;a
l< jd;dj,g wkqj
wkqrdOmqr ia;%slalfha
ck.yKfhka 15]la
muK jl=.vq frda.fhka
fmf<a' 2012 jir w.Nd.
fha fi!LH n,Odka
wkqrdOmqrfha mqoa.,hska
10"608la mlaId l< g
ta w;ka 1414 fokl=g
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ilaIK lKavdhf
m<uq jd;dj 2011 cqks 6-8
od;kao fojk jd;dj
2011 Tlaf;dan 5-7
od;kao ;=kajk jd;dj
2012 fmnrjdfhao
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ju 2013 fmnrjd
ckjd

idkd k*Sla yd jy,a fj<|df'''

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.ekSug W;aidy lsuhs' ta i|ydo
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Tjqka l< hq;=u foa lr ke;'
ta fjkqfjka Tjqka lr we;af;a
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kej;S idmamq ijd hdu;a" lsysm
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cdjd m;a wi, .,a mrhl je

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10 msgqfjka'''

we;e wh u< isrere f,io ;j;a

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02 msgqfjka'''

md,kh iska is lrk b;d

kqj;a l%shdud. h' ta nj wo
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07 msgqfjka'''

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jerg;a mjihs'

15

01 msgqfjka'''

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