GRADUATE SCHOOL

MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION PROGRAM

Educ 605- School Administration and Supervision

NAME : JENELYN L. JIMENEZ ID NUMBER: 1345392

BATCH NAME: MAED MELYCITUS GROUP: 1

NARRATIVE REPORT
TRADITIONAL AND MODERN EDUCATIONAL
ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION

Educational inspection is another term for traditional educational administration

and supervision. Instead of improving the broader educational system, the inspection
process is mostly led by the inspector's fault-finding motivation.
The teacher is the primary emphasis of the educational inspection, not the
teaching learning process or the pupils. Inspection is an unscientific style of monitoring
that is usually carried out by a single person with an authoritative mindset. In most
cases, inspections are performed on the spur of the moment and poorly prepared. The
inspection process is marked by enforced dictatorship, authoritarianism, and non-
cooperation. The basic characteristics of Traditional Educational supervision or
Educational Inspection are:
a. The traditional concept of supervision is based on the philosophy that the
teacher is the center of administration. Teachers are expected to carry out duties
without any question.
b. The traditional concept of supervision puts more emphasis upon imposed
improvement of the teachers through teacher training and rigid supervision.
c. Tradition supervision place more emphasis upon techniques and the use of
subjective devices and autocratic procedure.
d. Traditional supervision practices through compulsion, coercion and imposition
or through pressure in the use of readymade solutions or procedure.
e. Traditional supervisor considered themselves as experts and work outside the
group under their control and supervision.
f. It is only visitation and conferencing in nature.
g. The educational inspections are generally planned very poorly.
h. It is done by one individual.
i. The friendly relation between teacher and supervisor is lacked. It is more
autocratic than participative.
 The present system of inspecting schools in the country by an individual known
as Inspector appointed by the respective government is not a very healthy and
motivating process. In-spite of having a District as well as Block level inspectors, the
quality of government run schools is not highly convincing. These inspectors are mostly
busy to run their respective offices instead of taking steps to improve the teaching
learning process.
Concept of Modern Educational Supervision: Modern supervision is a
developmental concept over traditional supervision. It is based on research and its
prime objective is to enhance the overall teaching learning environment. Modern
supervision is objective oriented, systematic, democratic, creative, productive and
dynamic. Democratic principles are more preferred in modern supervision. Modern
supervision believes that supervision is a cooperative effort rather than an individualistic
effort. Modern supervision is well planned and constructive.
The principle of human relation and motivation is highly followed to make the
supervision effective. Modern supervision in-fact means motivating and bringing
desirable changes in the behavior of teachers. The characteristics of modern
educational supervision are:

a. The modern concept of supervision recognizes the child and his growth and
development as the center of supervisory activities. It focuses mainly on
improvement of learning process.
b. Modern supervision promotes the growth of the child and teacher through
stimulation, direction and guidance.
c. Modern supervision sees education as a whole. All factors are evaluated in
terms of supervisory principles rather than techniques in improving teaching
learning situation. Subjective judgments is less emphasized and importance is
given on objective and scientific evidences.
d. Interdependence and cooperation are the essential characteristics of modern
supervision. All teaching learning activities are integrated and correlated.

Traditional and Modern Educational Administration and Supervision:

• Concept of Traditional Educational Supervision or Educational Inspection:
Traditional educational Supervision is also called educational inspection. It is the
narrow concept of supervision. The process of inspection is basically guided by the fault
finding motive of inspector instead of improvement of overall educational system.
The main focus of the educational inspection is teacher not the teaching learning
process and children. Inspection is an unscientific mode of supervision which is
generally done by a single individual with an autocratic attitude. In most of the situation
inspection is done suddenly and planned in a poor manner. Inspection process is
characterized by imposed, dictatorship, authoritarian and non-cooperative.
The basic characteristics of Traditional Educational supervision or Educational
Inspection are:
a. The traditional concept of supervision is based on the philosophy that the
teacher is the center of administration. Teachers are expected to carry out duties
without any question.
b. The traditional concept of supervision puts more emphasis upon imposed
improvement of the teachers through teacher training and rigid supervision.
c. Tradition supervision place more emphasis upon techniques and the use of
subjective devices and autocratic procedure.
d. Traditional supervision practices through compulsion, coercion and imposition
or through pressure in the use of readymade solutions or procedure.
e. Traditional supervisor considered themselves as experts and work outside the
group under their control and supervision.
f. It is only visitation and conferencing in nature.
g. The educational inspections are generally planned very poorly.
h. It is done by one individual.
i. The friendly relation between teacher and supervisor is lacked. It is more
autocratic than participative.

• Concept of Modern Educational Supervision: Modern supervision is a

developmental concept over traditional supervision. It is based on research and its
prime objective is to enhance the overall teaching learning environment. Modern
supervision is objective oriented, systematic, democratic, creative, productive and
dynamic. Democratic principles are more preferred in modern supervision. Modern
supervision believes that supervision is a cooperative effort rather than an individualistic
effort. Modern supervision is well planned and constructive.
The principle of human relation and motivation is highly followed to make the
supervision effective. Modern supervision in-fact means motivating and bringing
desirable changes in the behavior of teachers.
The characteristics of modern educational supervision are:
 a. The modern concept of supervision recognizes the child and his growth and
development as the center of supervisory activities. It focuses mainly on
improvement of learning process.
b. Modern supervision promotes the growth of the child and teacher through
stimulation, direction and guidance.
c. Modern supervision sees education as a whole. All factors are evaluated in
terms of supervisory principles rather than techniques in improving teaching
learning situation. Subjective judgments is less emphasized and importance is
given on objective and scientific evidences.
d. Interdependence and cooperation are the essential characteristics of modern
supervision. All teaching learning activities are integrated and correlated.
e. The modern concept of supervision is more than mere inspection of the work
of the teachers. It is a friendly help and counsel.
f. It is a creative and dynamic expert technical service.
g. It is highly cooperative, constructive, scientific and systematic.
h. Modern supervision is composed of much more than rating sheets, classroom
visits and the teacher’s meeting. It is in fact, based on primarily on an attitude of
continuous and mutual interaction.
i. Modern supervision is based on a broadened concept of leadership.
A group's notion of leadership is generally determined by the emotional context in
which the group must function. Only a status kind of leader will have considerable
chance to conduct leadership if the tone of the situation is predominantly authoritarian.
However, if there is a sense of security and mutual respect, it is very relatively easy to
support a sort of leadership that comes from the group.
It is apparent from the preceding statements that modern monitoring is extremely
effective and vital for the general improvement of the educational system. Modern
supervision, as opposed to inspection, can work more effectively and objectively.