ASSESSMENT OF CLINIC SERVICES TOWARDS STUDENTS’

SATISFACTION

_____________________________

A Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty

of La Salle University - Integrated School

La Salle University - Ozamiz City

_____________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Subject

Research in Daily Life 2

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by

RICHMOND C. ANG
JESSA ZYD M. DELA CRUZ
ANGEL GRACE V. ESCOBAR
LLOYD S. ESTREMADURA
SEANN GABRIELLE C. JAPSON

January 2023

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 Abstract

This study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction of senior high school

students through assessing the compliance level of the senior high school building

clinic; hence, it incorporated a descriptive-correlational research design. The

respondents of the study were Grade 11 and Grade 12 students who visited the clinic,

regardless of strand, and were enrolled in La Salle University - Integrated School in

Ozamiz City in the school year 2022-2023. The data gathered through a

researcher-made questionnaire were statistically analyzed through the SPSS program

by employing frequency and distribution, weighted mean, and the Pearson correlation

coefficient. The students’ level of compliance in the LSU-IS senior high school

building in terms of the qualifications of staff was far above standard. The

compliance of the LSU-IS senior high school building in terms of clinic services was

far above standard. The compliance of the LSU-IS senior high school building in

terms of the availability of needed medicines and supplies was far above standard.

The compliance of the LSU-IS senior high school building in terms of the facilities

was meets the standards. Furthermore, the satisfaction level of the senior high

school students with the clinic services in terms of the qualifications of the staff was

moderately satisfied. The satisfaction level of the senior high school students with

the clinic services in terms of clinic services were moderately satisfied. The

satisfaction level of the senior high school students with the clinic services in terms of

the availability of needed medicines and supplies was moderately satisfied while the

satisfaction level of the senior high school students with the clinic services in terms of

facilities was completely satisfied. Therefore, the level of compliance regarding the

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LSU-IS senior high school building clinic significantly affected the level of

satisfaction of the students who utilized it.

Keywords: descriptive correlational, school clinic, compliance, satisfaction

level, senior high school students, university clinic, Philippines university clinic

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

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TITLE PAGE i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

LIST OF TABLES

iv

LIST OF FIGURES v

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Background of the Study 1

Review of Related Literature 2

Theoretical Framework 12

Framework of the Study 14

Statement of The Problem 15

Scope and Limitations 16

Significance of The Study 17

2 METHOD

Research Design 17

Research Locale 18

Respondents of the Study 18

Research Instruments 19

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Scoring Procedure 19

Data Gathering Procedure 20

Statistical Treatment of Data 21

Ethical Considerations 22

REFERENCES 24

APPENDICES

A Survey Questionnaire 27

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Chapter 1

Background of the Study

THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Clinics have been an essential facility in schools around the world for years.

They have been responsible for saving countless, if not millions, of lives. They serve

the function of tending to the needs of the students by providing them with immediate

medical care such as medicine and treatment. With the ongoing issue of the Covid-19

pandemic, school clinics are now more important than ever because they help ensure

the safety of students in schools, especially now that everyone is slowly transitioning

back into the face-to-face state of learning again. According to Carreon (2016),

“School Health Services are established at the school site to promote the health of

students through disease prevention, early case finding, referral for intervention, and

remediation of specific health problems.”

In the Philippines, there are many schools — both public and private — that

often neglect their school clinics in exchange for better auditoriums, classrooms, and

other school facilities. In fact, according to Pascua (2020), “DepEd data shows that

only 28 percent, or about 13,081 schools, of the 47,013 public schools in the country

have clinics.” Furthermore, nobody is even sure of the quality of those 28 percent of

clinics. However, the researchers would like to argue that school clinics need just as

much attention as any other major facility. As one of the most densely populated

countries, the Philippines should have an adequate budget for quality clinics, as more

students will need to be attended to.

Here at La Salle University Ozamiz, the researchers would like to conduct a

study on the level of satisfaction of students, specifically Lycee students, with the

current LSU-IS University clinic. This is to assess whether the clinic is in need of
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improvement in certain areas or if it is satisfactory enough for the Lycee students of

La Salle University Ozamiz.

The researchers have noticed that there has been no study that has been

undertaken to assess the satisfaction levels of students on the LSU-IS Clinic. There

has also been no study that assesses how compliant the clinic has been in following

the standards given by the Department of Education and many other relevant

agencies. Therefore, it is imperative that there be a study conducted to assess these

factors, so that LSU-IS will be able to determine where the clinic needs improvement

and be able to act accordingly.

Review of Related Literature

In this review of related literature, we will explore current research and studies

on the topic of clinical standards and the like, as well as further topics that are related.

We will examine previous findings, theories, and methodologies in order to provide

context and background information for our own study. We will also identify gaps in

the literature and areas that require further research. Overall, this review will serve as

a comprehensive examination of the current state of knowledge on the topic and will

provide a foundation for our own study.

Clinic Standards

School health services are responsible for health evaluations, the management

of communicable illnesses, record keeping, and the monitoring of the health of

students and school workers. It is the component concerned with objectively

analyzing the health of a person. Health evaluations provide school officials with the
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chance to identify signs and symptoms of common ailments as well as emotional

problems that may hamper children's learning.

According to Kuponiyi et al. (2016), “school health services are both

preventive and curative services, and they help in providing information to parents

and school personnel on the health status of school-children. It also provides advisory

and counseling services for the school community and parents. It includes pre-entry

medical screening, routine health screening/examination, school health records, back

bay, first aid, and referral services. Other services rendered include health

observation, (which involves physical inspection of the physiology and behaviors of

children; health examinations (screening tests and medical diagnosis); and health

records, which is the keeping of records of the health histories of children."

Staff Competency

One factor of a good school clinic is the training of both medical and

nonmedical personnel, as well as students, which is also crucial for the emergency

preparedness of schools. According to a study from Gereige et al. (2022), in school

emergency cases, students, adults, and event attendees may be involved. The Good

Samaritan Act protects ordinary rescuers in all 50 states and the District of Columbia

during emergencies. Moreover, according to the AAP technical study "Advocating for

Life-Support Training of Children, Parents, Caregivers, School Workers, and the

Public," physicians are uniquely positioned to actively urge training in basic

resuscitative procedures, such as the application of advanced airway devices such as

pacemakers and naloxone, for children and educational personnel. Teachers, school

nurses, doctors, sports coaches, educators, and learners should have a broad

understanding of first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) since accidental

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injuries are the leading cause of death among children and adolescents within and

even outside schools.

According to DepEd (2022), in order to become a school nurse in the

Philippines, you must have a bachelor of science in nursing, at least two years of

practical qualifications, pass the nursing license test, and complete four hours of

training. In addition, a school nurse's tasks and responsibilities include inspecting

classrooms for early signs and symptoms of students, supporting a medical officer

with the collection of vital signs, periodic monitoring, and administering vaccines.

Aside from knowing when and how to give first aid, they should also know how to

prevent and treat basic and common diseases. They should also be able to measure the

students' height and weight, test them for vision and hearing problems, and de-worm

them. Furthermore, a school nurse should be able to administer a functional school

clinic by providing sanitation and healthy living conditions in the school and

community, and by applying traditional medicinal herbs to treat current ailments.

Moreover, they must generate and submit crucial reports.

Transparency is also an essential attribute that a school nurse should know

how to possess. According to Gereige et al. (2022), all children must have emergency

information gathered on them, including contact information for their parents, their

doctors, and their insurance company. Technological improvements might facilitate

the collection, storage, and transmission of this information.

Services of a Clinic

It is crucial for a trustworthy and skilled healthcare clinic to offer a wide

variety of services to its patients. Not only should these services be of superior quality
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and standards, but they should also be customized to suit the unique needs and

demands of each patient. These are some of the following:

Periodic immunization. Vaccines have eliminated major infections, such as

smallpox, and significantly decreased the harmful effects of a wide range of infectious

diseases affecting humans on a worldwide scale. Vaccines have contributed

significantly to the decline in newborn mortality rates. According to De La Salle

University Medical Center (2021), one dose of PPSV23 is suggested for adults 19–64

years of age (with specific medical problems) and adults 65 years of age or older

(regardless of pneumococcal vaccination history).

Studies by Rodrigues and Plotkin (2020) take the view that, after learning of

the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in December 2019 and realizing its potential

to cause COVID-19 disease on a global scale, it became imperative to develop

vaccines at an unprecedented rate and scale. Due to the current pandemic, it has also

been widely recommended that children and adolescents get their vaccinations and

immunizations against the flu and pneumonia to be able to prevent further

complications from COVID-19.

According to the Enclosure to DepEd Memorandum No. 82, s. (2015), since

1975, the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) has focused on providing

newborns with immunizations. Nonetheless, the efficacy of several of these

vaccinations diminishes with time, necessitating booster doses to maintain high levels

of protection (for example, against diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus). The

school vaccination plan will become even more promising if older children receive

booster doses of standard vaccines (e.g., the second dose of measles-containing DPT).

Therefore, due to all of these reasons, it is imperative that health service providers
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utilize every available opportunity to administer vaccines to school-age children, the

school, and adolescents.

Medical and dental treatment. Oral disorders have presented a significant

health burden in a number of nations and impact individuals throughout their lives,

causing pain, suffering, deformity, and even death. According to the World Health

Organization (2022), oral illnesses are projected to impact up to 3.5 billion people

globally, with three-quarters of those affected residing in middle-income nations.

Dental decay of permanent teeth affects an estimated 2 billion individuals worldwide,

while 514,000,000 children suffer from cavities in their primary dentition.

In the memorandum of DepEd Order No. 041, s. (2020), it has been stated

that, in order to deal with the greater incidence of dental cavities as well as other

medical conditions during the outbreak, the Department has judged it essential to

offer basic preventative and rehabilitative health care services amongst teaching and

learning professionals through the deployment of the School Dental Health Care

Program (SDHCP) in accordance with the Basic Education-Learning Continuity Plan

(BE-LCP). Due to this, the introduction of medical and dental services is a must for a

school clinic to meet a minimum level. The recipient school clinics must get dental

facilities, including a dental chair, an autoclave, and basic hand tools, as well as dental

and medical supplies and a referral service delivery network with Rural Health Units

(RHU).

Treatment for common emergencies and first aid. School life is one of the

most influential aspects of the physical and mental health of children. According to a

study by Qureshi et al. (2018), children are susceptible to injuries and accidents,

which can range from small injuries to catastrophic accidents resulting in blood and
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fractures; thus, administering first aid is just as crucial as bringing a kid to a medical

institution. First-aid is the care administered for any accident or unexpected sickness

prior to the arrival of professional medical assistance. The basic purpose of first aid is

to alleviate pain, promote healing, and limit harm. (Sharma et al., 2014). This is why

first-aid management and services should be present in a school setting due to the fact

that they determine the future course of the illness and the likelihood of

complications.

Availability of the Needed Medicines and Supplies

Having an adequate amount of supplies and equipment is essential for every

clinic in every school. According to PhilMedicalSupplies (2021), since school clinics

exist to aid, they must constantly be prepared for the worst-case health scenario.

Therefore, for the clinic to be a completely functional medical institution, it must

contain both supplies for minor and major ailments, such as an ear thermometer. You

do not want your patient to be forced to travel to the hospital in anguish because your

clinic lacks the necessary treatments and equipment. The clinic should always be

stocked with common over-the-counter medications to handle any emergency

situations that the student may encounter.

Medication Use and Practices in Schools. According to Butler et al. (2020),

substantial numbers of children are on management prescriptions for chronic health

conditions or have illnesses that might result in a healthcare crisis requiring

medications to be administered at school. Regarding their persistent medical,

behavioral, or developmental difficulties, a significant number of pupils require

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prescription medications and other specialized therapy. The development of medical

technology has transformed the method by which chronic illness patients' lives are

preserved.

The CDC has stated that in 2016, more than 6 million children in the United

States were given a diagnosis of asthma, and according to the World Health

Organization (2017), according to the Global Asthma Report, roughly 11 million

Filipinos, or approximately one in ten, suffer from asthma. With the prevalence of

asthma attacks in schools nowadays, proper treatment measures should be in place in

order to cater to these types of situations. Moreover, according to the Global

Initiative for Asthma Report, children with persistent asthma should be given an

inhaled corticosteroid as a controller drug, either with or without a long-acting

beta-agonist and/or a leukotriene receptor antagonist. However, although about 55%

of the children are prescribed these medications, only about 25% will utilize them as

prescribed, and 68% like to resort to their rescue medications. With this in mind,

since studies in sizable school districts have shown that for some kids, school-based,

closely supervised inhaled corticosteroid medication can help improve asthma control,

schools should seize this chance to influence the adherence and health of their

asthmatic pupils, and this can easily be achieved through a competent clinic.

The clinic's medical staff should be familiar with the child's acute asthma triggers and

symptoms in order to recognize acute episodes and decide when additional medical

help is required. Students with asthma must always have access to a short-acting

bronchodilator due to the wide range of asthma triggers and the potential severity of

the triggered reaction. The proper medication access, administration, and

documentation rules; staff advice or training; and emergency medication usage and
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management procedures should all be part of the best practices for asthma medication

use in schools. Younger students should have proper access to rescue medication from

school staff, and older, more mature students should be permitted to self-carry and

administer their emergency drugs.

All of these were further supported by the NCBI (2020), which stated that all

children with asthma who come to school ought to have an asthma implementation

strategy on file with the schools and be acquainted with its contents. The asthma

emergency plan should consist of indications and symptoms to be informed of, proper

treatment actions, proof of inhaler self-carry preparedness, and emergency contact

information. Included in these rules should be documentation requirements, staff

training, and a method for regular communication among health-care practitioners,

kids and their families, and school employees. There are a variety of tools available to

help schools establish and execute these best practices.

According to Clement et al. (2020), in the Philippines, hyperglycemia

and its consequences are a leading cause of illness and death. The prevalence

rate of diabetes in the Philippines grew from 3.4 million in 2010 to 3.7 million

in 2017. Furthermore, another study by the National Diabetes Statistics Report

(2017) has also stated that more than 5,000 children with type 2 diabetes and

more than 18,000 children with type 1 diabetes are detected annually. This

recent rise in cases is due to things like more people eating sweets, less people

being active, and more people being overweight.

Additionally, Clement et al. (2020) have further elaborated that, unlike

most other chronic conditions, diabetes necessitates the administration of

medicine and the measurement of blood glucose levels during school hours.
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The appropriate administration of a child's level of blood glucose is crucial in

avoiding both short-term consequences such as hypoglycemia and

hyperglycemia, and protracted issues such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and

retinopathy. All of the equipment required to manage the diabetes of students

or patients includes, but is not limited to, glucose tablets, glucagon, glucose

monitors, insulin, needles, syringes, and sharps containers, and these should be

provided by the school clinics. Students who can manage themselves should

also be permitted to bring these supplies to school with them.

Over-the-counter medications (OTC). Butler et al. (2020) have stated that the

ease of access to therapy with over-the-counter drugs might result in

symptomatic relief, which may facilitate learning and reduce classroom

disturbance. Additionally, the majority of over-the-counter medications are

rather safe in terms of adverse pharmacological effects when taken carefully.

The safety of pupils and the security of pharmaceutical supplies are additional

crucial factors that must be assessed. When evaluating the use of

over-the-counter (OTC) products on their pupils, school employees should

weigh the risks against the benefits for each individual. OTC medications

should be available all the time because they are the safest and yet one of the

most important when emergencies arise.

Facilities

In Chapter IV, Section R, of the 2010 Department of Education Educational

Facilities Manual (Facilities for Ancillary Services), the minimum standards for a

school health clinic should include the location, size, space, allocations, and basic

equipment and facilities. The manual states that a school medical clinic is just one of
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the necessary educational amenities. If feasible, it should be positioned near the

administrative area. Depending on the dimensions of the institution and the allocation

of floorspace, the school health clinic must have areas for first aid procedures, dental

treatment, separate waiting areas, a changing room, and comfort rooms for children

who may be ill. DepEd Memorandum Order No. 88 Series 2010, titled "2010 Revised

Manual of Regulations for Private Schools," essentially stipulates that health facilities

and services must be offered without expanding into greater specifics. It may

implement and consider that the size and layout of a school clinic will depend on the

school's capacity, so long as it meets the requisite amenities for students.

Theoretical Framework

Health issues come in all shapes and forms, and most definitely can enter

everyone’s lives in different settings. Value-based healthcare investment is an

important paradigm in the establishment of government programs and school clinics.

According to Levin and Ziglio (2001), the theories underlying the fundamental

disciplines are frequently utilized in contemporary health promotion and education. In

the promotion of healthcare in school settings, they are accompanied by both

economic and school-political concerns. For instance, a significant challenge that

clinical facilities in schools face is the disorganisation and utilisation of a cohesive

collection of disciplines that could have otherwise helped the health development of

the institution, but instead had a synergistic effect in its totality.

A strategic plan must therefore be created that arranges many theory-based

interventions to have the greatest health benefits for the school population

(concerning both the students and the school administration and staff). Thus, it is

crucial for health promotion to address and influence the creation and establishment
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of more clinics in schools. This study will be based on two theories: the Equity

Theory, and the Healthcare Quality Theory.

Patients tend to compare the outcomes they receive from their healthcare

providers with the outcomes obtained by other individuals in similar situations. This

comparison process can help patients evaluate the equity or fairness of their

healthcare outcomes. According to Afrashtehfar et al. (2020), the Equity Theory in

healthcare emphasizes the importance of social comparison in patients' perception of

the value they receive from their healthcare services. In other words, patients are more

likely to feel satisfied with their healthcare services if they perceive that their

outcomes are comparable to those of others who have received similar care. However,

if a patient feels that their outcomes are inferior to those of others, they may

experience dissatisfaction or perceive the healthcare services as unfair.

Furthermore, they have also elaborated that the concept of equity theory in

healthcare also involves the consideration of input and output ratios. Inputs refer to

the resources that patients invest in their healthcare, such as money, time, and effort.

Outputs, on the other hand, refer to the outcomes that patients receive from their

healthcare providers, such as symptom relief, improved quality of life, and restored

health. According to the equity theory, patients are more likely to feel satisfied with

their healthcare outcomes if they perceive that their input and output ratios are

reasonable or equitable. This means that patients are more likely to feel satisfied when

they receive outcomes that are proportional to the inputs they have invested in their

healthcare.

Similarly, the Healthcare Quality Theory postulates that patient satisfaction

with healthcare services depends on various features that are focused on the patient's
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perception of quality care. This theory emphasizes the importance of patient-centered

care, where healthcare providers prioritize the patient's needs and preferences to

improve the quality of care delivered. Furthermore, the theory proposes that patients

form opinions about the quality of healthcare services based on various factors —

effectiveness of treatments, the safety of care, the accessibility of services, and the

communication and interpersonal skills of healthcare providers. Thus, patients

consider all these factors when assessing the overall quality of care they receive

(Afrashtehfar et al., 2020).

Interestingly, they have further stated that the theory highlights the importance

of interpersonal care as a crucial factor in determining patient satisfaction. Therefore,

the quality of care is not just about the technical skills of healthcare providers, but

also about how they interact with patients. The way healthcare providers

communicate with patients, show empathy, and build trust can significantly influence

patient satisfaction with healthcare services. In essence, the healthcare quality theory

emphasizes that patient satisfaction with healthcare services depends on the

perception of quality care, which is determined by the patient's views of various

features. These features include the technical skills of healthcare providers, the

effectiveness and safety of care, the accessibility of services, and the interpersonal

skills of healthcare providers.

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Framework of the Study

This framework presents the approach that the researchers will be using for the

entire duration in conducting the study, which is the IPO Model. It has three stages:

input, processing, and output (which are shown in Figure 1). This will be followed in

order to know what recommendations and plans should be taken into account for the

improvement of the school clinic services in order to satisfy the LSU SHS students

with the clinic services.

The input includes the factors that will help determine whether the school

clinic serves off a quality service or not. The researchers will focus on the major

factors, namely, satisfaction level of students towards clinic services and the

compliance of the school clinic to the set standard for a quality clinic. For the process,

the researchers will be conducting various surveys that will take up only a minimal
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amount of the Lycee students' time. After the surveys, the researchers will calculate

the statistics and create a discussion based on the results, in which the outcome will be

determined.

Statement of the Problem

La Salle University - Integrated School provides healthcare services to its

students through an on-campus clinic. This research aims to assess the clinic services

offered by LSU-IS and evaluate the level of satisfaction among its students with these

services. This study will also provide valuable insights into the quality of the

healthcare services and identify areas that require improvement to enhance the overall

well-being of students in the integrated school. Furthermore, this research aims to

answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of compliance of the LSU-IS school clinic based on general

school clinic standards in terms of:

1.1 Qualifications of staff;

1.2 Clinic services;

1.3 Availability of the needed medicines and supplies; and

1.4 Facilities?

2. What is the satisfaction level of the senior high school students on the clinic

services in terms of:

2.1 Qualifications of staff;

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2.2 Clinic services;

2.3 Availability of the needed medicines and supplies; and

2.4 Facilities?

3. What recommendations & plans for improvement can be proposed to upgrade

school clinic services?

Scope and Limitations

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction level of senior high

school students in La Salle University - Integrated School. This study is to determine

the need for clinic improvements and the degree of student satisfaction in line with the

standards of a clinic. The study will be conducted throughout the entire 2022–2023

academic school year. Since the LSU-IS clinic only has a small number of students

who have experience, there will only be 50 potential respondents (LSU senior high

school students).

Significance of The Study

The researchers aim to undertake this study because they believe it will benefit

the following parties:

University Students. The better the health care in school, the safer the

students will be when it comes to sudden illnesses and other unforeseen medical

circumstances. Students will be able to have more peace of mind and will feel a lot

safer knowing that there are proper health services ready to attend to them anytime

they experience something wrong with their bodies.

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The School Administrators. If something happens to the student's health, the

school will be held accountable for it. With a proper clinic, the school will benefit

greatly both in the short and long run because proper immediate medical measures

will be easily accomplished, which will lead to fewer potential problems for the

school to handle in the future.

The Faculty and Staff. Students are not the only ones who will benefit from a

proper clinic. The faculty and staff that work there will also get to experience proper

health care services that will aid in their teaching capabilities. With better health care

comes better teaching proficiency because sick teachers will never be at their full

potential.

The Parents of the Students. If the students are safe, their parents will be at

ease. Whether at work or at home doing household chores, their minds will be at

peace knowing that the school has a proper clinic that will be competent enough to

deal with any untoward incidents that may occur to their child.

Future Researchers. We believe this will benefit future researchers because it

will show them whether the clinic is in need of different projects that may contribute

to the improvement of the school clinic's services in the future.

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Chapter 2

METHOD

The methodology section of this research provides a detailed description of the

methods and techniques used to collect and analyze data. The methods were chosen

based on their suitability for achieving the research objectives and answering the

research questions. The section includes a description of the research design,

sampling techniques, data collection methods, and data analysis procedures. This

methodology was designed to ensure that the results of the research are both accurate

and reliable, and that the data collected is representative of the population under

study.

Research Design

The research design that the researchers will be utilizing is the “descriptive -

developmental” research design. They will focus solely on systematically measuring

the different factors correlated with the compliance and satisfaction levels of students

in the LSU-IS Clinic. The instruments that will be utilized in this research are surveys

and questionnaires. Furthermore, the researchers will utilize the purposive sampling

method in order to get the respondents to answer the survey. They believe this is the

most effective and accurate method because the researchers will be able to select

those who have visited the clinic recently. This will also ensure that bias is minimized

and the results are based on the experiences of the students.

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The study will be a mixed method research, meaning that it will be both

quantitative and qualitative; however, the quantitative method will be dominant.

According to the USC Libraries (2022), “Quantitative methods emphasize objective

measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data

collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing

statistical data using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on

gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a

particular phenomenon.” The researchers' study will be about assessing the

satisfaction level of the students; therefore, they will be calculating the statistics and

numerical data pertaining to the said objectives.

Research Locale

This research will take place at La Salle University - Integrated School, a

PAASCU level 3 accredited institution situated at Abanil Street, Brgy. Aguada,

Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. The institution provides academic and

technological-vocational programs with a student population of 680 students and 86

faculty and staff for the Academic Year 2022-2023. There are two grade levels in the

Senior High School department: Grade 11 has nine sections with a total of 340

students, while Grade 12 has nine sections with a total of 340 students as well.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the onsite Grade 11 and Grade 12 senior

high school students enrolled in La Salle University - Integrated School, Ozamiz, for

the School Year 2022–2023. Additionally, only those who have visited the clinic
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already will be allowed to take the survey. The total number of Senior High School

respondents is 78.

Research Instruments

For this study, the researchers will devise two research-made likert-scale types

of questionnaires. The first instrument, the Assessment of Clinical Services

Questionnaire, will evaluate the clinical services of the LSU-IS senior high school

building in order to proceed to the second instrument, the Level of Satisfaction on the

Clinic Questionnaire, which will then determine the levels of satisfaction of the senior

high school students towards the LSU-IS clinic services. To verify and establish the

reliability of the survey instrument, both of these instruments will be pilot-tested prior

to being disseminated to the respective respondents.

Scoring Procedure

To determine whether the school clinic of the Senior High School building in

La Salle University - Ozamiz City complies with the standards set by the Department

of Education in regards to the school clinic facility, equipment, services, and supplies,

a 4-point Likert scale will be utilized to ensure that there will be no neutral responses

in order to have a more accurate result and calculations. It is then that their total score

will be calculated and interpreted. Shown below are the score ranges and

interpretation of the data:

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Score Scale Range Qualitative Descriptor Interpretation of

scores

4 4.00-3.26 Fully Complied Far above standard

3 3.25-2.51 Complied Meets standard

2 2.50-1.76 Partially Complied Below standard

1 1.75-1.00 Not Complied Far below

standard

Also, the satisfaction levels of the students with the services provided by the

clinic will be identified through getting their overall score and applying statistical

treatment (getting the average or weighted mean). This will also be done through the

use of a 4-point Likert scale to warrant that there are no neutral answers in order to

have a more accurate result or calculation. Shown below are the score ranges and

interpretation of the data:

Score Scale Range Qualitative Descriptor Interpretation of

scores

4 4.00-3.26 Strongly Agree Completely

satisfied

3 3.25-2.51 Agree Moderately

satisfied

2 2.50-1.76 Disagree Slightly satisfied

1 1.75-1.00 Strongly Disagree Not at all satisfied

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Data Gathering Procedure

To be able to acquire the information needed in this study, the researchers will

carry out the following procedures:

Preliminary. To start off, the researchers will initially develop the equipment

required to collect information and data from the relevant respondents. The

researchers must next await the approval of the adviser and the panel of examiners.

Before the students participate in the survey, the researchers will produce a consent

form after the instruments have been completed and authorized by the panel. The

researcher will then conduct pilot testing prior to the final data collection.

Gathering of Actual Data. Once the preliminary preparations are executed

and accomplished, the researchers will now proceed to the gathering of data. Google

forms on an online platform will be prepared as they will be utilized as a means of

surveying the respective respondents.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data that are collected by the researchers and accumulated from the

respondents who answered the questionnaires will be compiled. The obtained data

will be compared based on the variance of the responses and statistically evaluated

using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The data to be collected

will serve as responses to the essential research questions.

1. In the profiling of the respondents, frequency and percentage distribution

will be utilized in this study. This will be used in determining the frequency

of responses and establishing the distribution of respondents according to the

variables of the study, such as Age, Grade level, Strand, and Gender.
 22

𝑓
Formula: %= 𝑁
×100

Where:

% = Percent

f = Frequency

N = Number of cases

2. On the other hand, in order to determine the students' satisfaction with

clinical services, the weighted mean will also be utilized.

Formula: X = ∑𝑓𝑥

∑𝐹

Where:

X = Weighted Mean

∑ 𝑓𝑥 = Total sum of “f” is the frequency and the “x” is the corresponding weight of

each item

∑𝐹 = Total number of respondents

3. If data are regularly distributed, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient will also

be employed to comprehend and investigate the association between the

services of a clinic and the levels of student satisfaction.

 23

Ethical Considerations

In order to generate a justified, accurate, and fact-based investigation, such

principles will be utilized, practiced, and established.

Voluntary Participation. Each participant in this study may withdraw from or

exit the study at any time without obligation to continue. It is acknowledged that there

would be no negative consequences or ramifications for participants who declined to

engage.

Informed Consent. The research participants will be contacted individually

and given a comprehensive explanation of the study's purpose, and data and

information-gathering procedures. They will be given the opportunity to ask questions

and voice any concerns.

Confidentiality of Information and Responses. The researchers will protect

the confidentiality and privacy of the information and personal details of the

participants throughout and after the study. At every phase of the research, from

recruiting to data maintenance, the researchers will be responsible for ensuring the

confidentiality of any personally identifiable information and data.

Good Conduct Toward the Participants. The researchers will ensure that a

concerted effort will be made to behave appropriately and courteously towards the

subjects; they will exhibit proper and respectful conduct towards the participants

throughout and after the study is conducted.

 24

Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents the various data gathered from La Salle University -

Ozamiz in order to assess the level of satisfaction of the students on the LSU-IS

clinic, as well as how compliant the clinic is in regards to the general clinic standard.

This chapter will feature related literature that supports the various findings, as well as

an in-depth discussion on why a certain factor is rated as so.

This chapter presents the different factors in the clinic associated with the

amount of compliance and the students’ satisfaction levels. These factors include the

qualifications of the staff, the clinic's services, the availability of medicines and

supplies, and the facilities or the environment.

Assessment of Clinic Compliance

Qualifications of Staff Standards. One of the main priorities in establishing

a school clinic is the staff that will handle the students, or generally all of the patients

involved. In a study by Baisch et al. (2011), it has been asserted that the role of the

school nurse in identifying and resolving student health issues that affect academic

performance and in navigating the educational and medical systems has long been

acknowledged. Moreover, in order to protect children's health, teachers and nurses

had a joint responsibility to recognize and refer to health problems. (Lightfoot &

Bines, 2000).
 25

As shown in Table 1, the qualifications of staff got the grand average mean of

4 which interprets that the LSU - IS senior high school building is far above the

standard. To become a school nurse in the Philippines, you need a bachelor's degree

in nursing, at least two years of practical experience, an acceptable score on the

nursing license exam, and four hours of training. (DepEd, 2022)

Table 1

Qualifications of staff

Indicators Scale Value Interpretation

1. The nurses have completed at least 4 Fully Complied

two years of practical qualifications.

2. The nurses passed the nursing 4 Fully Complied

licensure board examination.

3. The nurses are transparent and have 4 Fully Complied

the responsibility to generate and
submit crucial reports

4. The nurses know how to give first 4 Fully Complied

aid, prevent, and treat basic and
common diseases.

5. The nurses are able to measure the 4 Fully Complied

students’ height and weight, test
them for vision and hearing
problems, and deworm them.

Far Above
Overall Weighted Mean 4 Standard

Range: 4.00-3.26 - Far Above Standard; 3.25-2.51 - Meets Standard; 2.50-1.76 -

Below Standard; 1.75-1.00 - Far below standard

Clinic Services Standards. Excellent clinic service standards must be

observed in order to ensure that the quality of care the students are receiving is safe

and effective. To be able to stop further COVID-19 issues, Rodrigues and Plotkin

(2020) advised children and adolescents to acquire their immunizations against the flu
 26

and pneumonia. Moreover, De La Salle University Medical Center (2021)

recommends one dose of PPSV23 for people aged 19 to 64 with particular medical

conditions and adults aged 65 or older (regardless of pneumococcal vaccination

history). Moreover, under the attachment to DepEd Memorandum No. 82, s. (2015), if

older students receive booster doses, the school vaccination program will become

even more promising (e.g., the second dose of measles-containing DPT). Because of

all of these factors, it is essential that health service professionals take advantage of

every chance to immunize school-age children, the school, and teenagers. Therefore,

due to all of these reasons, it is imperative that health service providers utilize every

available opportunity to administer vaccines to school-age children, the school, and

adolescents. In light of the recent studies, it has shown that it is imperative there are

regular periodic immunizations provided, such as those for smallpox, and other types

of infectious diseases.

Additionally, DepEd Order No. 041, s. (2020) has stressed that the Department

has determined that it is imperative to provide basic preventative and rehabilitative

health care services among teaching and learning professionals through the

deployment of the School Dental Health Care Program (SDHCP) in accordance with

the Basic Education-Learning Continuity Plan in order to deal with the higher

incidence of dental cavities as well as other medical conditions during the outbreak

(BE-LCP). Thus, regular dental services are important for student’s teeth health and

maintenance and should be implemented into the LSU-IS Clinic services.

In regards to the first aid services aspect of the clinic, Qureshi et al. (2018) has

elaborated that children are susceptible to injuries and accidents, which can range

from small injuries to catastrophic accidents resulting in blood and fractures; thus,

administering first aid is just as crucial as bringing a kid to a medical institution. In

 27

light of his study, it has been proven that first aid clinic services should be present and

critically observed if one is to assess the clinic service standards.

All of these services have been included in table 2 below, and upon being used

to investigate, have garnered a grand average of a perfect score of 4, which interprets

as Far Above Standard. This shows that the LSU-IS clinic has incorporated the

necessary services needed in order to reach and go beyond general clinic standards.

Table 2 - Richmond Ang

Clinic services

Indicators Scale Value Interpretation

6. There is regular periodic 4 Fully Complied

immunization provided to eliminate
major infections, such as smallpox,
and other types of infectious
diseases.

7. Medical and dental treatments are 4 Fully Complied

provided for oral disorders and
infections.

8. The basic preventative and 4 Fully Complied

rehabilitative health care services of
the clinic are available, such as first
aid or physical therapy for sprains,
and other injuries.

9. Services that address well-child 4 Fully Complied

visits, sports physicals, sexual health
education, and chronic conditions
such as ADHD, asthma, and diabetes
are available.

10. Tooth and eye exams are regularly 4 Fully Complied

given in order to check for
potentially related
problems/difficulties.

Overall Weighted Mean 4 Far Above

Standard
 28

Range: 4.00-3.26 - Far Above Standard; 3.25-2.51 - Meets Standard; 2.50-1.76 -

Below Standard; 1.75-1.00 - Far below standard

Availability of Needed Medicines and Supplies Standards. Every school

clinic must have medical equipment and medications that can be utilized to treat or

prevent illnesses and disorders. Additionally, the medicines and supplies that a school

clinic will offer must be of decent and high quality. according to the PHCPI (n.d.).

Delivering high-quality primary healthcare and attaining the Sustainable Development

Goals depend on making sure that facilities have the appropriate medications and

supplies at the appropriate time. The clinic also needs to be outfitted with the right

tools so that it is prepared for any emergency. Additionally, because they are there to

assist, Saclao (n.d.) school clinics must constantly be ready for the worst-case medical

scenario. Furthermore it is important for a clinic to give proper medication to students

and the staff of the school by giving medicines and the supplies that are needed to

prevent health problems.

As shown in table 3, it indicates that the weighted mean is 4 and indicates that

the standard is far above standards of the needed medicine and supplies of a school

clinic. Thus, the clinic has done a good job in buying, keeping, and storing the needed

medicines and supplies that students commonly need for common discomforts.

Additionally, according to PhilMedicalSupplies (2021), school clinics must always be

ready for the worst-case medical scenario because they are there to help. Therefore,

both supplies for small and serious illnesses, such as an ear thermometer, are required

for the clinic to function as a fully functional medical facility. Butler et al. (2020)

went on to say that many children have diseases that might lead to a healthcare

emergency needing medicine to be provided at school or are on management

 29

prescriptions for chronic health disorders. In light of these recent studies, it has been

discovered that the availability of needed medicines and supplies is crucial in

producing a clinic that measures up to standards.

Table 3 - Lloyd Estremadura

Availability of needed medicines and supplies

Indicators Scale Value Interpretation

11. The school clinic has an adequate 4 Fully Complied

number of supplies and equipment
essential in every school clinic.

12. The school clinic is prepared for the 4 Fully Complied

worst-case health scenarios of
students by containing supplies for
minor and major ailments.

13. The clinic is stocked with common 4 Fully Complied

over-the-counter medications to
handle any emergency situations that
the student may encounter.

14. The clinic’s medical staff are 4 Fully Complied

familiar with a child’s acute asthma
triggers and symptoms.

15. The clinic has the necessary 1 Not Complied

precautions prepared for
anaphylactic situations.

Overall Weighted Mean 3.4 Far Above

Standard

Range: 4.00-3.26 - Far Above Standard; 3.25-2.51 - Meets Standard; 2.50-1.76 -

Below Standard; 1.75-1.00 - Far below standard

Facilities Standards. Facilities are one of the most important standards that

should be looked into when assessing the compliance of a clinic. The facilities present

in the school clinic plays a very vital role as it gives direct impact to the outcome of

the patients’ health and safety. According to the Center for Evaluation and Education
 30

Policy Analysis (2015), school facilities can have a significant impact on teacher and

student results, according to a growing body of research. School facilities have an

impact on teachers' ability to be hired, stay on the job, and put forth effort.

The physical environment of schools has an impact on students' behavior,

engagement, learning, and academic growth. As stated in Chapter IV, Section R, of

the 2010 Department of Education Educational Facilities Manual (Facilities for

Ancillary Services), a school health clinic should meet minimal requirements for its

location, size, space allocations, equipment, and facilities. One of the essential

educational amenities, according to the manual, is a school medical clinic. If possible,

it should be put in close proximity to the office space. The school health clinic must

contain areas for performing first aid and dental services, as well as separate waiting

areas, a changing area, and comfort rooms for children who may be ill.

As seen in table 4, the clinic has garnered an overall weighted mean of 3.0,

which indicates that the school clinic has reached Meets Standards when it comes to

its facilities. These requirements will vary depending on the size of the institution and

how much floor space is allocated. In addition, the DepEd Memorandum Order No.

88 Series 2010, titled “2010 Revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools,” also

stated that healthcare facilities and services must be available without going into more

detail. As long as it provides the necessary amenities for students, it may implement

and consider that a school clinic's size and style will rely on the school's capacity.

Furthermore, adequate, functional and well-equipped facilities help school nurses to

become more effective in performing their duties and respond more quickly and

efficiently with the medical care and treatment that the patient needs. As well as,
 31

complete and functional facilities allow a number of students to be accommodated

and emergencies can also be provided with sufficient accommodation.

Enough and hygienic space, and proper division for all individual areas for

certain procedures like dental treatment, waiting area and comfort rooms can even

more assure a fast recovery to an ill patient as it indicates a clean and safe space thus,

possibility of infectious disease to spread is impossible in which will help prevent the

patient to worsen its sickness then leading to positive health outcome with the patient

since proper ventilation, regular cleaning and disinfection is observed, which ensures

that the school clinic is well-maintained.This then results, in making the parents to

feel and have peace of mind knowing that their children are in a safe and clean place

and eliminating the anxiousness that the patient may feel since they are well-assured

that they are in safe hands while in school.

Table 4 - Angel and Seann Japson

Facilities

Indicators Scale Value Interpretation

16. The clinic has dental facilities, basic 4 Fully Complied

hand tools, and medical supplies.

17. The school clinic has great 3 Complied

conditions in relation to its interior.
No cracks or leakages of toxic
chemicals are observed.

18. The clinic adheres to the minimum 2 Fully Complied

standards for a school clinic
including the location, size, space,
and allocations.

19. The clinic is positioned near the 4 Fully Complied

administrative area.

20. The clinic has areas for first aid

procedures, dental treatment,
 32

separate waiting areas, a changing 2 Partially

room, and comfort rooms for Complied
children who may be ill. Proper
ventilation and division of cubicles
is observed.

Overall Weighted Mean 3.0 Meets Standard

Range: 4.00-3.26 - Far Above Standard; 3.25-2.51 - Meets Standard; 2.50-1.76 -

Below Standard; 1.75-1.00 - Far below standard

Clinic Satisfaction Levels of Students

Qualifications of Staff. Professionalism is essential for establishing a safe and

secure environment. This will aid in fostering a better professional-patient

relationship, thereby cultivating a positive working environment and providing the

groundwork for both patients and healthcare providers to establish trust. According to

the Morsani College of Medicine (2021), professionalism in the healthcare setting is

defined as: a group of principles, conduct, and connections that support the public's

confidence in physicians. Also, Medical Protection Society Limited (2018), argues the

idea that a professional individual should take pride in completing tasks successfully,

pay close attention to detail, and must exhibit respect for those who consult them in a

professional capacity. This could imply that if a healthcare staff demonstrates

professionalism, such as by acting in an appropriate and ethical manner towards a

patient, it can foster respect and confidence.

As shown in Table 5, the indicator: “I believe in the staff's professionalism and

their ability to maintain confidentiality and privacy with my health records” got the

highest mean, which is 3.38, among all other statements provided under the

qualification of staff, which implies an interpretation of completely satisfied. This

means that students are completely satisfied with the professionalism that the school
 33

clinic nurse shows and her ability to create an environment with a sense of trust and

confidence among students, parents, and faculty members. Based on this result, it is

crucial for the students that their school clinic nurse must always conduct themselves

and act with the utmost professionalism. Especially, in maintaining confidentiality and

privacy. With this, the school clinic nurse should adhere in accordance with ethical,

moral and legal standards when maintaining patients' personal information and health

records. And that their patients will be given the assurance that they are trusted

professionals and that it is safe for students to confide in and seek guidance from

them. As healthcare professionals, their patients will be approached in a respectful

way to maintain their trust and that they will be handled with integrity, compassion,

and empathy to make them feel comfortable and be more encouraged to seek help and

support from them. Thus, the school clinic nurses should always demonstrate and

preserve professionalism to provide the best possible and comprehensive medical care

towards the students or their patients.

School nurses are important inside the school premises as they play a critical

role in maintaining and making sure that the students and school employees are doing

well and healthy. They are the ones responsible for responding to emergencies and

sudden illness felt by students while attending class. In 2023, the Indeed Editorial

Team stated that the duties of a school nurse may include evaluating the general

health, growth, and development of students; giving first aid to injured students;

administering any prescription medications to students; offering disease prevention

programs and education; and monitoring the health of all students, particularly those

who have chronic conditions like asthma, diabetes, or severe allergies. Furthermore,

based on the National Association of School Nurses (n.d.), school nurses function as

channels for communicating public health information to students and their families,
 34

maintain contact with emergency medical services to prepare for potential mass

casualty events, and care for students in case of emergency illness or injury. The

National Association of School Nurses (n.d.) also asserted that it is crucial that the

school nurse understands how they fit into the emergency plan. This entails triaging

the emergency's victims, organizing the first aid response team, and providing them

with immediate hands-on care. The school nurse is a crucial link to the medical/public

health community, as well as to parents, in addition to offering mental health help to

students (as cited in Fitzpatrick, 2006). Thus, it is important that the school nurse is

well-knowledgeable and has enough practice in applying emergency procedures and

protocols anytime on the campus.

As shown in Table 5, the indicator: "I am positive about the staff's knowledge

and application of emergency procedures and protocols” also got the highest mean

which is 3.38 among all other statements provided under qualification of staff, which

has an interpretation of completely satisfied. This means that students are completely

satisfied with the knowledge and application of emergency procedures and protocols

the school nurse provides and demonstrates toward them. It is crucial to students that

their attending school clinic nurse is knowledgeable in order to effectively and

quickly respond to the needs of students in times of unexpected situations such as

when illness and injuries might occur within the school campus. This can help to

ensure and promote the health and safety of the students and give ease and comfort to

their parents or guardians knowing that their children are in a safe place especially,

those parents who live far away and allow their children to live in a dormitory. In

addition to helping in reducing the likelihood of health issues, risks, and giving those

in need the treatment they require, they can also keep and secure a safe school

environment and atmosphere for all of the students, school personnel, and parents. So,
 35

with their sufficient and proper knowledge and skills in applying the emergency

procedures and protocol, they will be able to administer the necessary and effective

medicines and treatments for the students and can monitor the health status and

well-being of all the patients.

Keeping health records is very important as it allows school nurses to monitor

and check the health status of individual students in the campus, it serves as a

comprehensive picture to a child’s health for it contains health information to that

specific student such as their allergies and chronic illness. According to the National

Association of School Nurses (n.d.), the data on school health offer the possibility to

identify the most successful and effective approaches to support and promote

student’s wellbeing. Also as stated by Stevens (2010), careful, organized, and accurate

patient records are the characteristic features of a compassionate and responsible

nurse, whereas poorly written records can cast doubt on the qualifications of a nurse's

work. And the quality of the nurses' record keeping can be a good (or bad) reflection

of the standard of care she provides to her patients. Thus, it is important that a school

nurse maintain an accurate and complete health record in order to provide the

necessary and appropriate actions, care or treatment needed by the student.

However, as shown in Table 5, the indicator: "I feel assured with the staff's

ability to maintain accurate and complete health records for each student” got the

lowest mean which is 2.80 among all other statements provided under qualification of

staff, which have an interpretation of moderately satisfied. This means that students

are moderately satisfied with how the school clinic nurse maintains accurate and

complete health records for each student visiting in the clinic. This is most likely to

happen considering that the school nurse only provides paper for students to fill out

their complaints and the treatments given which are not comprehensive enough. This
 36

also indicates that there is a lack of resources such as electronic health record systems

which helps in maintaining accurate and complete health records of all students as it is

the most secure way to keep student health data instead of paper records since there is

a possibility that these important documents might get lost.

Based on the data results in table 5, the overall weighted mean of the

qualifications of staff of LSU-IS Clinic is identified to be a 3.15 which has an

interpretation of moderately satisfied. This revealed how moderately satisfied the

students are with the skills and abilities or the qualifications of their attending school

clinic nurse. According to Magalnick & Mazyck (2008), a vital component of the

seamless delivery of all-encompassing health care to children and youth is the school

nurse. More and more students are enrolling in schools with long-term medical issues

that need to be managed during the school day. In order to promote health and

academic performance, this policy statement outlines for pediatricians the function of

the school nurse as a team member who provides preventative services, early issue

detection, interventions, and referrals. Success in providing children with the best care

possible depends on school nurses' readiness, continued education, and enough

staffing levels (as cited in NASN, n.d.). Also, according to Bal (2023), school nurses

provide comprehensive care programs for the school or district, train faculty and staff,

conduct screenings, assist students in maintaining their health, and inform parents and

the general public about the promotion of healthy behaviors. Additionally, school

nurses help with medical requirements like catheterization or blood glucose

monitoring and deliver medicine to pupils with chronic conditions like diabetes or

asthma. Hence, professionalism and awareness of the use of emergency procedures

and protocols were the particular characteristics in which the school nurse received

the highest scores. The good ratings show that the school nurse at LSU-IS Clinic truly
 37

has the knowledge and competence to comprehend the students' healthcare needs and

to deliver the necessary care and medical attention. These factors are crucial to

providing the students with high-quality medical treatment. Overall, the LSU-IS

Clinic's high ratings for staff qualifications demonstrate that the clinic's staff is

dedicated to giving students excellent medical care while also giving parents and

school staff peace of mind. This serves as evidence that they have met their obligation

of care to the patient.

Table 5 - Angel Escobar

Qualifications of Staff

Indicators Average Interpretation

Weighted Mean

21. I believe in the staff's 3.38 Completely

professionalism and their ability to Satisfied
maintain confidentiality and privacy
with my health records.

22. I am positive about the staff's 3.38 Completely

knowledge and application of satisfied
emergency procedures and
protocols.

23. I trust the staff's understanding of 3.35 Completely

common health issues and their satisfied
ability to diagnose and treat them.

24. I am confident in the level of 2.83 Moderately

education and training that our clinic satisfied
staff has undergone.

25. I feel assured with the staff's ability 2.80 Moderately

to maintain accurate and complete satisfied
health records for each student.

Overall Weighted Mean 3.15 Moderately

satisfied

Range: 4.00-3.26 - Completely Satisfied; 3.25-2.51 - Moderately Satisfied; 2.50-1.76

- Slightly Satisfied; 1.75-1.00 - Not at all Satisfied
 38

School Clinic Services. First aid has become an essential aspect in the

production of proper quality school clinics. According to First Aid for Schools (2022),

first aid is essential in schools because they promote a sense of safety and security for

the students by providing emergency measures for both serious and minor accidents.

Furthermore, first is also responsible for providing quick treatment to those who do

not require professional assistance. Lastly, first aid prevents a victim’s condition from

becoming worse by applying the necessary immediate procedures to keep the

situation under control.

Additionally, Murphy (2021) elaborated that properly administered first aid

could mean the difference between life and death. Children who are of school age

have a greater likelihood of being involved in accidents and suffering from injuries.

While most of these injuries may not be severe, there is a possibility that a child or

adolescent may sustain a critical or life-threatening injury while on school premises.

As shown in Table 6, the indicator: “I feel safe with the first-aid treatments

and the promptness of addressing emergencies.” got the highest mean of 3.35, which

means that students were completely satisfied with the first aid and emergency

services of the LSU - IS clinic. This shows the confidence level that LSU-IS students

have on the first aid services of the school clinic. This may be due to recent events

where they were immediately treated professionally, minimizing the risk of

complications and problems in the future.

According to multiple accounts from students in LSU-IS, they have stated that

the clinic is not always available and accessible all the time. There have been many

instances where they needed medical attention and were not able to avail of the clinic
 39

services due to the clinic being closed often. Furthermore, they have elaborated that it

really is an alarming problem if the clinic is always closed because in the event of an

emergency, there will be no professional medical staff and venue to handle the

situation.

Furthermore, Velsor-Friedrich (1995) has reported that adolescents who

frequently utilize school clinic services have reported positive outcomes such as

improved self-esteem, coping skills, health and nutritional status, and better

communication with their families.. Thus, it is of utmost importance that school

clinics are constantly open in order for students to be able to utilize the clinics

services that they have paid for in their tuition. In the case of the LSU-IS Clinic, clinic

services have to be open all the time in order to cater to the different needs of the

students anytime, anywhere.

As a result, as shown in Table 6, the indicator: “I am satisfied with the

accessibility and availability of the clinic services.” has received a lowest mean of

2.93, which means that students were borderline moderately satisfied with the

accessibility and availability of the clinic services in the LSU-IS Campus. Once again,

this is most likely due to the clinic being closed often, especially during school hours

where students are more prone to minor physical discomforts and ailments.

According to the SJCS Medical Clinic (n.d.), the school clinic is responsible

for providing a range of medical services that promote, develop, and maintain the

health and general well-being of the members of the school community. This includes

conducting annual physical and dental check-ups of students to monitor their health

status and detect any potential health issues. The clinic also disseminates vital health

information to students and staff through circulars and announcements, which helps to
 40

raise awareness and educate them on important health topics. By providing these

services, the school clinic plays a crucial role in ensuring that students are healthy,

both physically and mentally, and that they are equipped with the knowledge and tools

to make informed decisions about their health.

The California School-Based Health Alliance (2016) further elaborates that a

proper school health clinic increases school attendance, promotes healthy school

practices through nutrition, physical activity, and health education, improves wellness

policies and health programs, reduces emergency room visits, and creates a positive

school climate that fosters learning.

As seen in table 6, the overall weighted mean of the clinic services of LSU-IS

Clinic is indicated to be a 3.09, signifying that students were completely satisfied

with the overall clinic services that the LSU-IS clinic had to offer. The fact that the

clinic services of the LSU-IS school clinic have received such a high overall weighted

mean only attests to their efforts and their focus on excellence that the SJCS Medical

Clinic (n.d.) and California School-Based Health Alliance (2016) have elaborated on.

Table 6 - Richmond Ang

Clinic Services

Indicators Average Interpretation

Weighted Mean

1. I feel safe with the first-aid 3.35 Completely

treatments and the promptness of satisfied
addressing emergencies.

2. I have confidence in the availability 3.17 Moderately

of over-the-counter medications in satisfied
the clinic.
 41

3. I am satisfied with the various 3.06 Moderately

services offered by the clinic, satisfied
including preventive care, diagnosis,
and treatment.

4. I am confident in the speed and 2.95 Moderately

efficiency of the clinic's services, satisfied
including wait times and
appointment scheduling.

5. I am satisfied with the accessibility 2.93 Moderately

and availability of the clinic satisfied
services.

Overall Weighted Mean 3.09 Moderately

satisfied

Range: 4.00-3.26 - Completely Satisfied; 3.25-2.51 - Moderately Satisfied; 2.50-1.76 -

Slightly Satisfied; 1.75-1.00 - Not at all Satisfied

Availability of the Needed Medicine and Supplies in School Clinic.

One of the highest priorities of a school clinic should be the medicines and

supplies available, which are needed by not only the students but also the faculty and

staff. According to Saclao (n.d.), because school clinics exist to assist, they have to

constantly be equipped for any conceivable situation in regards to health. Although

this occurs infrequently, having a fully equipped clinic and skilled medical personnel

during the most dire medical emergency can save lives.

As shown in Table 7, the indicator: “Medicines and other hot as well as cold

compress bags are readily given to the patients in the clinic.” got the highest mean of

3.32, which means that students were completely satisfied with the availability of the

needed medicines and supplies needed in the LSU - IS Clinic, specifically hot and

cold compress bags. This coincides with the study of Zapata et al. (2006), which

asserts the idea that Musculoskeletal Pain (MP) and Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome

(MPS) are prevalent conditions in adolescent school populations. Moreover, Mason

 42

(2014) argues that thermotherapy is recommended for the treatment of a variety of

bothersome ailments, such as muscular and rheumatic pain, sciatica, fibrositis, and

lumbago. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative to or in conjunction with

pharmaceutical pain relief solutions. Thus, thermotherapy is the curative

administration of any substance that distributes heat to the body, thereby increasing

tissue temperature, which is essential for students who fall in the adolescent

population. (Nadler et al., 2004).

Meanwhile, the indicator: “I notice that necessary medications are available in

the school clinic.” got the lowest mean of 3.07, which may be interpreted as the

students’ being only moderately satisfied with the availability of the necessary

medications available in the LSU - IS Clinic. This correlates with the study of Grace

(1997), which takes the view that although some maladies are more prevalent among

adolescent students, they face many of the same acute health concerns as students,

including musculoskeletal disorders, trauma (such as sprains, fractures, and

lacerations), and mild infections. While a third of asthma patients and a fourth of

diabetes patients experience the onset of their illnesses during the third decade of life,

asthma has been observed to be the leading cause of school truancy. Due to these

factors, everyone should have access to medications during the school day for either

routine or "as required" use, as well as to sustainable environments and support for

the administration of a variety of dosage forms. These factors may be essential for the

best clinical management of many of these conditions in adolescents—who make up

the senior high school student population—which may be crucial for the optimal

clinical management of the student body. (Smith et al., 2008)

 43

In conclusion, an overall weighted average mean of 3.19 shows that the

students were moderately satisfied with the availability of the needed medicines and

supplies in the LSU - IS senior high school building clinic for the reason that the

clinic was able to provide students with the medicines and supplies they needed in

accordance with the medical condition felt by the patient themselves. This result is a

validation of Prakash (2010), which contends that patient satisfaction influences

clinical outcomes, patient retention, and medical malpractice claims, making it a

significant and often-used indicator of healthcare quality. Consequently, lack of access

to these medications as well as other supplies needed in a healthcare facility leads to

issues such as poor quality and irrational use, which impede the attainment of total

patient satisfaction. (Atif et al., 2021)

Table 7 - Jessa Dela Cruz

Availability of the needed medicines and supplies

Indicators Average Weighted Interpretation

Mean

1. Medicines and other hot as well as 3.32 Completely

cold compress bags are readily satisfied
given to the patients in the clinic.

2. Bandages, oxygen tanks, and other 3.28 Completely

medical paraphernalia are intact for satisfied
emergency purposes.

3. The clinic staff provides the 3.18 Moderately

appropriate medicine without delay. satisfied

4. I trust the storage conditions of the 3.12 Moderately

health supplies in the school clinic. satisfied

5. I notice that necessary medications 3.07 Moderately

are available in the school clinic. satisfied
 44

Overall Weighted Mean 3.19 Moderately

satisfied

Range: 4.00-3.26 - Completely Satisfied; 3.25-2.51 - Moderately Satisfied; 2.50-1.76

- Slightly Satisfied; 1.75-1.00 - Not at all Satisfied

School Clinic Environment and Facilities. The environment and facilities of

a school clinic play a crucial role in promoting the health and well-being of students.

The clinic environment should be clean, comfortable, and welcoming, as it can help

alleviate anxiety and stress in students who are already feeling unwell or

uncomfortable. A well-designed and equipped clinic can also facilitate the delivery of

quality health care services to students. It can help school nurses and other health

professionals work more efficiently and effectively, allowing them to provide timely

and appropriate care to students who need it.

In addition, the environment of a school clinic can also have an impact on

student attendance and academic performance. When students are healthy and have

access to timely medical care, they are more likely to attend school regularly and

perform well academically. Some interior design uses knowledge from psychology to

improve emotional impacts of the space according to (Rodriguez, M. D., 2022). There

are features in school clinics that can give relaxation and health safety to students.

They can ensure their safety by visiting a calm, well-run clinic where there are no

distractions for the patients.

Furthermore, maintaining good hygiene and sanitation in a clinic is necessary

for a better health care environment. Healthdirect Australia (n.d) asserts that good

personal hygiene is one of the best ways to protect yourself from getting

gastroenteritis or infectious diseases such as COVID-19, the flu, and the cold.
 45

Sanitation helps to reduce the amount of microorganisms in a clinic so that children

are able to develop in a healthy and hygienic setting.

As shown in table 8 the first highest weighted mean of the statements is 3.33,

which identifies that students are completely satisfied in terms of the clinic interior,

which include no dropping objects, cracks, and many more. As we can see also in

table 8, there is another indicator that is tied with the highest weighted mean. This is

the indicator, “I observe how the clinic always practices hygiene and sanitation

protocols.” which has also produced a mean of 3.33, which also signifies that students

are completely satisfied with the clinic’s hygiene and sanitation protocols. In

addition, school clinic nurses must have hygiene and sanitation practices. According

to Jayarajah (2019), assessing hygiene practices among medical students undergoing

clinical training, and determining their adequacy is therefore of considerable

importance.

Table 8 - Lloyd Estremadura and Seann Japson

Environment and Facilities

Indicators Average Weighted Interpretation

Mean

1. The clinic’s interior is relaxing to 3.33 Completely

the eye (such as no dropping objects satisfied
like electric wires, cracks in the wall
etc..)

2. I observe how the clinic always 3.33 Completely

practices hygiene and sanitation satisfied
protocols.

3. The facilities in the clinic such as 3.30 Completely

the bed, storage of oxygen tanks, satisfied
ceiling fans, and light are
strategically positioned for patients’
convenience and recovery.
 46

4. The space in the clinic is spacious 3.28 Completely

enough to accommodate a good satisfied
number of students.

5. I believe that the clinic’s 3.17 Moderately

environment contributes to the satisfied
speedy recovery of its patients.

Overall Weighted Mean 3.28 Completely

satisfied

Range: 4.00-3.26 - Completely Satisfied; 3.25-2.51 - Moderately Satisfied; 2.50-1.76

- Slightly Satisfied; 1.75-1.00 - Not at all Satisfied

Lastly, the indicator "I believe that the clinic’s environment contributes to the

speedy recovery of its patients." got the lowest weighted mean of 3.17, which

identifies that the students were moderately satisfied with the clinic's environment,

and that it indicates the clinic possesses an appropriate interior that the students may

feel comfortable to stay in. According to Polyflor (2020), creating a healing design

that promotes tranquillity and security is a great way to help speed up recovery times

and improve the overall experience of your medical practice setting.

Overall average mean is 3.28 which indicates that the students are completely

satisfied with the clinic’s environment and facilities in the LSU-IS clinic.

Furthermore, the clinic provides a high and great environment that ensures the

students safety. They provide students with a hygienic setting that adheres to a health

policy. Clinics are renowned for maintaining the health and general well-being of the

students. Furthermore the LSU-IS clinic is the safe-guard of the students and the

school personnel.
 47

Chapter 4

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the following summaries, findings, conclusions, and

recommendations found within the study, “Assessment of clinic services towards

students’ satisfaction”.

Summary
The researchers have inspected the LSU-IS clinic to evaluate their compliance

to general Philippine school clinic standards. Additionally, the researchers have also

surveyed the Senior High School students of La Salle University in order to obtain

their satisfaction level when it comes to the different aspects that make up the LSU-IS

school clinic. Overall, there were a total of 60 respondents that answered the survey

questionnaires being provided. Furthermore, the researchers have also come up with a

project that would help the clinic improve their services.

Using the descriptive-developmental research design, the researchers have

computed the statistical treatment of data in relation to the different factors correlating

to the clinic’s compliance to school standards and the satisfaction level of students on

the LSU-IS Clinic. Pilot-tested survey questionnaires, Cronbach’s Alpha, and

weighted means were all utilized in the analyzing of the results and outcomes of the

study.

Findings

1. The level of compliance of the LSU-IS school clinic based on general school

clinic standards in terms of:

 48

1.1 qualifications of staff was far above standard.

1.2 clinic services were far above standard.

1.3 availability of needed medicines and supplies was far above

standard.

1.4 facilities was meets standards.

2. The satisfaction level of the senior high school students on the clinic services

in terms of:

2.1 qualifications of staff were moderately satisfied.

2.2 clinic services were moderately satisfied.

2.3 availability of needed medicines and supplies was moderately

satisfied.

2.4 facilities were completely satisfied.

3. A recommendation or plan for improvement that can be proposed to upgrade

the school clinic is a fundraising project.

Recommendations

Considering the findings of this study, the researchers recommend the

following:

1. The school clinic's interior should be renovated in such a way that there are

proper cubicles for each clinic service, such as first aid, dental and medical

care, waiting areas, and changing rooms. Furthermore, lack of proper

ventilation has also been observed. Exhaust fans are non-existent and there are
 49

almost no windows present. This is important because during times when the

air conditioner is out of service, there will be other options to allow proper

ventilation.

2. A good project to help the clinic improve would be to do a fundraising project

that would raise money for the renovation or improvement of the clinic

services. These funds could be used for better services, better division of

cubicles, more high quality medications, and many more.

 50

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, we would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our

research adviser, Sir John Michael Acuno, for his unwavering support and guidance

throughout the entire research process. His extensive knowledge and expertise in the

field have been invaluable in shaping our study, and we are truly grateful for his

mentorship. We would also like to extend our appreciation to our classmates, who

have provided us with valuable feedback and insights that have greatly improved the

quality of our research. Furthermore, their constructive criticism and encouragement

have been instrumental in making this study a success.

We would also like to express our deepest thanks to the senior high school

students of La Salle University, both Grade 11 and 12, who have participated in the

surveys for this study. Their openness and honesty have allowed for a comprehensive

understanding of the issues at hand, and their insights have helped to shed light on the

complexities of the issues under investigation. Moreover, through their active

participation in the surveys, they have provided rich and diverse data that has helped

us to analyze and interpret the findings in a meaningful way, ultimately enhancing the

validity and reliability of the study.

We are sincerely grateful to the teachers, parents, and clinic personnel, who

have supported us in our data gathering and motivation throughout this research. We

are also very grateful to our research panel members, Sir Jackjun Caupayan, Ms.

Allyssa Baluyos, and Ms. Anyah Amacna, who have contributed their time and

expertise to this study. Their support and cooperation have been instrumental in the

successful completion of this research paper. We would also like to extend our most

heartfelt gratitude to Sir Wishly Jalem, who has also constantly guided us every step
 51

of the way. He has contributed greatly to the title selection of our research, which has

helped us immensely during the first stages of our research process.

Lastly, we would like to acknowledge the divine providence of God, who has

provided us with the strength and wisdom to complete this study. Without His

guidance and blessings, this research would not have been possible.
 52

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Appendices

A Survey Questionnaire

Curriculum Vitae