vuqokn%

➢ ^vuqokn%*is a process which helps us to translate a given

language to another.
➢ Point-1

While translating, a few things need to be considered.

i.Tense of given sentence.

ii. Subject of given sentence.

iii. Object of given sentence.

iv. According to the subject verb will be formed.

(i.e on the basis of ^iq:”k%*and ^opue~* of the subject)

v. Adjective will be considered with respect to the subject.

➢ Point-2

i.We need to remember the following ^’kCn:ikf.k*&

Ckkyd]eqfu]lk/kq]fir`]yrk]unh]ekr`]Qy]vLen~];q”en~]rn~],rn~
ii.If difficult to learn all the ^foHkfDr%*of ^’kCn:i*]then-
For r`rh;kfoHkfDr% & }kjk@ek/;esu A
For prqFkhZfoHkfDr% & fufeRre~ A
For i´~pehfoHkfDr% & r% A
For lIrehfoHkfDr% & e/;s A

1
➢ Point-3
i.We need to remember the following ^/kkrq:ikf.k*&
iB~] vl~] xe~] d`] nk] yHk~ A
ii.If we find it difficult to remember the past tense of /kkrq:i
(i.e^y³~ ydkj%*) then, we can use ^Le* with present tense,
(i.e ^yV~ ydkj%+ Le*) to frame the past tense.
gS@gSa& yV~ ydkj% (Present Tense)
xk@xh@xsa& y`V~ ydkj% (Future Tense)
Fkk@Fkh@Fks& y³~ ydkj% (Past Tense)
vkns’k@mins’k@fuosnu& yksV~ ydkj% (Advice/Order/May)
pkfg,& fof/kfy³~ ydkj% (Must/Should)
➢ Point-4

i.^^DRok**¼Rok½ izR;;% is used to denote “After”

E.g.iB~ + DRok = ifBRok (After reading)

ii.^^rqequ~**¼rqe~½ izR;;% is used to denote “For”

E.g.iB~ + rqeu
q ~ = ifBrqe~ (For reading)

iii.^^’kr`**¼vu~½ izR;;% is used to denote “While”

E.g.iB~ + ‘kr` = iBu~ (While reading)

2
 Step-1
iB~ /kkrq
yV~ ydkj% (Present tense)
iq:”k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iBfr iBr% iBfUr

e/;e% iBfl iBFk% iBFk

mRre% iBkfe iBko% iBke%

y`V~ ydkj% (future tense)

iq:”k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% ifB”;fr ifB”;r% ifB”;fUr

e/;e% ifB”;fl ifB”;Fk% ifB”;Fk

mRre% ifB”;kfe ifB”;ko% ifB”;ke%

y³~ ydkj% (past tense)

iq:”k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% viBr~ viBrke~ viBu~

e/;e% viB% viBre~ viBr

mRre% viBe~ viBko viBke

3
 yksV~ ydkj% (Advice/Order/May)
iq:”k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iBrq iBrke~ iBUrq

e/;e% iB iBre~ iBr

mRre% iBkfu iBko iBke

fof/kfy³~ ydkj% (Must/Should)

iq:”k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iBsr~ iBsrke~ iBs;q%

e/;e% iBs% iBsre~ iBsr

mRre% iBs;e~ iBso iBse

Subject-Table
iq:”k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% l%@lk@rr~ rkS@rs@rs rs@rk%@rkfu

¼og½ ¼og nksukas½ ¼og lc½
,”k%@,”kk@,rr~ ,rkS@,rs@,rs ,rs@,rk%@,rkfu
¼;g½ ¼;g nksuks½ ¼;g lc½
e/;e% Roe~ ;qoke~ ;w;e~
¼rqe½ ¼rqe nksuks½ ¼rqe lc½
mRre% vge~ vkoke~ o;e~
¼eaS½ ¼ge nksuks½ ¼ge lc½

4
 Step-2
foHkfDr&fpg~u
foHkfDr% foHkfDr&fpg~u Preposition

izFkek(Subject) 0 / us 0/A/An
f}rh;k(Object) 0 / dks 0/To
r`rh;k(Medium) }kjk@ls By/Through
prqFkhZ(Receiver) ds fy, For
i´~peh(Point of Separation) ls From
“k”Bh(Relation) dk@dh@ds Of
lIreh(Location) esa@ij In/On/At/Among

miin&foHkfDr ( foHkfDr Changing Word )

f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i¥~peh “k”Bh lIreh

fud”kk lg nnkfr@;PNfr cfg% iqjr% dq’ky%

¼ikl esa½ ¼lkFk½ ¼ftls fn;k ¼ckgj½ ¼lkeus½ ¼dq’ky½
Tkkrk gS]
mldk prqFkhZ
gksrk gS½
izfr dqI;fr fcHksfr i`”Br% fuiq.k%
¼dh vksj½ ¼ftl ij ¼Mjuk½ ¼ihNs½ ¼fuiq.k½
xqLlk
fd;k tkrk
gS]mldk
prqFkhZ gksrk
gS½
fouk vuUrje~ v/k% izoh.k%
¼fcuk½ ¼ckn esa½ ¼uhps½ ¼izoh.k½
ifjr% iwoZe~ mifj prqj%
¼pkjksa vksj½ ¼igys½ ¼mij½ ¼pkykd½
mHk;r% vUr%
¼nksuksa vksj½ ¼vUnj½

5
 Step-3
Vocabulary
List Of Verbs with meaning
Verb yV~ y`V~ y³~ yksV~ fof/kfy³~
(Present) (Future) (Past) (Order/ (Must/
Advice/ Should)
May)
gS vfLr Hkfo”;fr vklhr~ vLrq L;kr~
nsuk nnkfr nkL;fr vnnkr~ nnkrq n|kr~
djuk djksfr dfj”;fr vdjksr~ djksrq dq;Zkr~
Mjuk fcHksfr Hks”;fr vfcHksr~ fcHksrq fcHkh;kr~
feyrk gS yHkrss yIL;rs vyHkr
Pkkguk bPNfr ,f”k”;fr ,sPNr~
gksrk gS Hkofr Hkfo”;fr
Nwuk Li`’kfr Liz{;fr
lw[kuk ‘kq”;fr ‘kks{;fr
Qsaduk f{kifr {ksIL;fr
lUrq”V gksuk rq”;fr Rkks”;fr
NksMuk R;tfr R;{;fr
feyuk feyfr esfy”;fr
Tkkuk xPNfr xfe”;fr
ns[kuk i’;fr nz{kfr
ysuk u;fr us”;fr
ihuk ficfr ikL;fr
idkuk ipfr i{;fr
jguk olfr oRL;fr
lquuk Jq.kksfr Jks”;fr
Xkkuk Xkk;fr xkL;fr
Ukkpuk u`R;fr ufrZ”;fr
iwNuk i`PNfr iz{;fr
[kMk gksuk fr”Bfr LFkkL;fr
Tkkuuk tkukfr KkL;fr
ueu djuk uefr uaL;fr

6
>qduk uefr uaL;fr
fy[kuk fy[kfr ysf[k”;fr
xqLlk djuk dzq/;fr dzksRL;fr
[kjhnuk dzh.kkfr dzs”;fr
peduk nhO;fr nsfo”;fr
lwaxuk ft?kzfr ?kzkL;fr
mxuk mnsfr
fudyuk fuxZPNfr
pjuk pjfr
HkkSaduk cqDdfr
le>uk voxPNfr
QSyuk izljfr
iwtk djuk Hktfr
fpYykuk xtZfr
cguk(Flow) ogfr
mMuk mM~Mh;rs
;kn djuk Lejfr
cSBuk mifo’kfr
rSjuk rjfr
dwnuk dwnZfr
p<uk vkjksgfr
mrjuk vorjfr
ekjuk Ekkj;fr
i<kuk ikB;fr
f[kyuk fodlfr
vkuk vkxPNfr
fpUrk djuk fpUr;fr
iwtk gksrk gS iwT;rs
i<uk iBfr
Ckksyuk onfr
[ksyuk [ksyfr
gluk glfr
nkSMuk /kkofr
[kkuk [kknfr
pyuk pyfr

7
Qyuk Qyfr
dwduk dwtfr
fxjuk irfr
j{kk djuk j{kfr
jksuk dzUnfr
?kweuk Hkzefr
ugkuk Lukfr
fudyuk fuxZPNfr
Ykkuk vku;fr
/kksuk {kky;fr
lwpuk nsuk lwp;fr
/kkj.k djuk /kkj;fr
pquuk fpuksfr
xqLlk djuk dqI;fr
c<uk o/kZrs
vPNk yxuk jksprs
Lusg djuk flUg~;fr
fxuuk x.k;fr
ikyuk Ikky;fr
cukuk jp;fr
/kqlkuk iwj;fr
flyuk lhO;fr
cksuk oifr
jksi.k djuk jksi;fr
[kq’k gksuk rqnfr
fn[kkuk izn’kZ;fr
Lkksuk funzkfr
[kksnuk [kufr
iguuk /kjfr
lkQ djuk ektZ;fr
j[kuk LFkki;fr
[kksyuk mn~?kkV;fr
can djuk fin/kkfr
Qsaduk f{kifr
tksMuk la;kstfr

8
flyuk lhO;fr
ijh{kk djuk ijh{krs
iwtk djuk iwt;fr
le>kuk Ckks/k;fr
mMuk M;rs
ekjuk rkM;fr
jksduk LFkx;fr
dkVuk(Cut) drZ;fr
rksMuk [k.M;fr
dkVuk(Bite) n’kfr
HkkSaduk Hk”kfr
[kq’k gksuk rq”kfr
‘kq: gksuk vkjHkrs
ekaxuk ;kprs
oguk(Carry) ogfr
ldrk gS ‘kD;rs
jguk fuolfr
nsuk ;PNfr
ltkuk foHkw”k;fr
izos’k djuk izfo’kfr
cspuk fodzh.kkfr
fuosnu djuk fuosn;fr
iz.kke djuk iz.kefr
Ckk¡/kuk c/ukfr
izfr{kk djuk izrh{krs
Hkstuk izs”k;fr
xzg.k djuk x`g~.kkfr
pksjh djuk Pkksj;fr
dguk dFk;fr
ikyuk Ikky;fr
jpuk djuk jp;fr
tkxuk tkxfrZ
‘kklu djuk ‘kkfLr
Hkjuk foHkfrZ Hkfj”;fr vfcHk% foHkrqZ foHk`;kr~
yqIr gksuk yqI;fr Yksfi”;fr

9
fl) gksuk fl?;fr lsRL;fr
{kek djuk e`”;fr
vuqHko djuk vuqHkofr

10
 Noun

Words in Daily Use

Hindi Sanskrit Hindi Sanskrit

i{kh [kx eqxZk dqDdqV
dcwrj diksr dkSvk dkd
rksrk ‘kqd dks;y dksfdy
eksj e;qj gal gal
cxqyk cd i’kq i’kq
‘ksj flag gkFkh Xkt
Ckk?k O;k?kz lk¡i liZ
fgju fgj.k ?kksMk v’o
fl;kj ‘k`xky eNyh ehu@eRL;
Hkkyw HkYyqd Xkk; /ksuq
dqRrk dqDdqj canj Okkuj
ifjokj ifjokj firk firk
ekrk ekrk cgu HkfXkuh
cMk HkkbZ T;s”B Hkzkrk NksVk HkkbZ vuqt
nknk firkeg nknh firkegh
ukuk Ekkrkeg ukuh ekrkegh
ekek Ekkrqy ekeh ekrqyh
csVk iq= csVh iq=h
nksLr fe=e~ nq’eu ‘k=q@fjiq

11
 O;fDr O;fDr vkSjr efgyk
cPpk f’k’kq yMdk Ckkyd
yMdh ckfydk iq:”k iq:”k
yksx tu jktk jktk@u`i
urZd urdZ euq”; euq”;
fo|kFkhZ fo|kFkhZ Nk= Nk=
Nk=k Nk=k fpfdRld oS|@fpfdRld
jksxh jksxh f’k{kd f’k{kd
ulZ ifjpkfjdk f[kykMh dzhMd
n’kZd n’kZd lSfud lSfud
Xkk;d Xkk;d Xkkf;dk Xkkf;dk
U;k;k/kh’k U;k;k/kh’k fp=dkj fp=dkj
dqEgkj dqEHkdkj nqdkunkj vkif.kd
fdlku d`”kd nthZ lkSfpd
ikuh ty ckny es?k
unh unh lkxj@leqnz leqnze~@lkxj
leqnzrV leqnzrV rkykc ljksoj%@rMkx%
Ckkfj’k o”kZk@o`f”V% dq¡vk dqi%
ioZr ioZr ou ou@vj.;
f’k[kj f’k[kj isM o`{k%
yrk yrk ‘kk[kk ‘kk[kk
Qy Qy vke vkezQy
lsc lsoQy dsyk dnyhQy

12
 vaxwj nzk{kkQy larjk ukj³~x
Qwy iq”i dey dey
m|ku miou@m|ku fdyk@nqxZ nqxZ
uxj uxj x¡ko Xkzke
?kj x`g lMd EkkxZ%
‘kjhj ‘kjhj vk¡[k us=
gkFk gLr eq[k eq[k
iSj Ikkn dku d.kZ
xsan dUnqd okgu Okkgu
cktkj vki.k lkgl /kS;Z
fpëh i= ?kksalyk uhM
eSnku dzhMk{ks= /kuh /kfud
pkan pUn%z xjhc fu/kZu
lwjt lw;Z% rkjk rkjdk@u{k=
vkdk’k vkdk’k@xxu gok iou
lw;ksZn; lw;ksZn;% lw;ZkLr lw;ZkLr%
eSnku dzhMk{ks= [ksr {ks=
flusek pyfp= uke uke
iqLrd iqLrd dye dye
lp lR; >wB vlR;
dke dk;Z cw<k o`)
cw<h o`)k nw/k nqX/k
eghuk Ekkl lky o”kZ

13
 _rq _rq lIrkg lIrkg
fnu fnu jkr jkf=
lqcg izkrdky ‘kke Lkk;e~
izfrfnu izfrfnu LFkku LFky@LFkku
efUnj efUnj@nsoky; jsyLFkku jsyLFkkude~
nsoky; nsoky; miou okfVdk@miou
foekucanj foekucUnj fpfdRlky; fpfdRlky;%
dk;Zky; dk;Zky;% fo|ky; fo|ky;%
iqLrdky; iqLrdky;% laxzgky; laxzgky;%
Hkkstuky; Hkkstuky;% d{kk Js.khx`g@d{kk
‘;keiÍ ‘;keiV% dqlhZ vklUn%
nokbZ vkS”k/ke~ [kkuk Hkkstu
pkoy vUu jksVh jksfVdk
Hkk”kk Hkk”kk vkS”k/k vkS”k/k
lHkk lHkk dkO; dkO;
xzUFk xzUFk m|ksx m|ksx
Hkxoku Hkxoku~@bZ’oj pfj= pfj=@’khy
fpfM;k?kj tUrq’kkyk jkT; jkT;
ns’k ns’k% lq[k lq[k
nq[k nq[k Hkkstu Hkkstu
lekpkji= lekpkji= n`’; n`’;
i= i= diMk oL=
lQyrk lQyrk [ksrh d`f”kdk;Z

14
nwjn’kZu nwjn’kZu jkt/kkuh jkt/kkuh
/;ku /;ku p”kek mius=
l³~x.kd l³~x.kd ?kMh ?kfVdk
Ikkd’kkyk Ikkd’kkyk }kj }kj
f[kMdh Okrk;u dzhMk dzhMk
xkMh ;kue~ O;k;e O;k;e
piy Ikknj{kk Hkwfe Hkwfe
ukSdk ukSdk foeku foeku
rj.krky rj.krky vPNs yksx lTTku
cqjs yksx nqtZu x`gdk;Z x`gdk;Z
lsuk lSfud nqfu;k lalkj
okD; okD;e~ Mj Hk;

15
 Pronoun

Hindi Sanskrit Hindi Sanskrit

esjk ee bldh vL;k%
gekjk vLekde~ bldk vL;
rsjk ro ;g ¼iq½ ,”k%
rqEgkjk ;q”ekde~ ;g ¼L=h½ ,”kk
mldk rL; vkidk Hkor%
mldh rL;k% vkidh HkoR;k%
vki Hkoku~ D;k fde~
og¼iq½ l% ;g¼iq½ ,”k%
og¼L=h½ lk ;g¼L=h½ ,”kk
dkSu¼iq½ d% dkSu¼L=h½ dk
lc losZ loZk% loZkf.k

16
 Adjective

‘kCnk% iqfy³~x% L=hfy³~x% uiqaldfy³~x%

‘khry ‘khry% ‘khryk ‘khrye~
e/kqj e/kqj% e/kqjk e/kqje~
ljy ljy% ljyk ljye~
fiz; fiz;% fiz;k fiz;e~
lqUnj lqUnj% lqUnjh lqUnje~
yEck nh?kZ% nh?kZk nh?kZe~
[kq’k izlUu% izlUuk izlUue~
u;k uwru% uwruk uwrue~
iqjkuk izphu% izkphuk izkphue~
vPNk ‘kksHku% ‘kksHkuk ‘kksHkue~
vkuan nsus okyk vkuUnnk;d% vkuUnnk;h vkuUnnk;de~
dq’ky dq’ky% dq’kyh dq’kye~
euksgj euksgj% euksgjk euksgje~
yEck nh?kZ% nh?kZk nh?kZe~
lc@lHkh loZ loZk loZe~

17
 la[;kokpd&’kCnk%
‘kCn% iqfy³~x% L=hfy³~x% uiqaldfy³~x%

,d ,d% ,dk ,de~

nks }kS }s }s

rhu =;% frlz% =hf.k

pkj pRokj% prlz% pRokfj

lc losZ loZk% loZkf.k

vusd vusds vusdk% vusdkfu

cgqr cgo% cgo% cgqfu

18
 vO;;ine~(Conjuction)
Hindi Word Sanskrit Word English Word

dgk¡ ij dq= Where

dc dnk When
dgk¡ ls dqr% From where
D;ksa fdeFkZe~ why
vHkh@vc v/kquk Now
vHkh@vc laizfr Now
Hkh vfi Also
fuf’pr ,o Sure
lqcg izkr% Morning
vkt v| Today
chrk gqvk dy g~;% Yesterday
vkus okyk dy ‘o% Tomorrow
b/kj&m/kj brLrr% Here & There
ugha u No
er Ekk Not
fcuk fouk Without
ckgj cfg% Out-Side
igys iqjk@izkd~ ago
tksj ls mPpS% Loudly/High
/khjs ‘kuS% Slowly
vpkud lglk Suddenly

19
 dh rjg bo As/Like
vkSj p And
;gk¡ v= Here
ogk¡ r= There
csdkj esa o`Fkk In a waste
fu’p; gh fu’p;e~ Surely
gh fg Surely
rks rq Only
fdUrq fdUrq But
blfy, vr% So
cM+k o`gr~ Big
NksVk y/kq% Small
chp esa e/;s Middle
vPNh rjg ls lE;d~ Nicely/Properly
uke uke Name
ges’kk lnk@loZnk Always

20