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NARAYAN CHANGDER
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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
Contents

1 POLITICAL CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
 1. POLITICAL CULTURE

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
1. Which of the following groups would be B. Confidence in the ability to take part in
most likely to support a constitutional political affairs
amendment banning all abortions? C. Belief that one’s political participation
A. Libertarians really matters and can impact government
B. Moderates D. The process through wich one ac-
C. Conservatives quires his or hers political identity

D. Liberals 5. The empirical studies of social capital have

confirmed that insufficient social capital is
2. What type of government is characterized accompanied by economic hardship.
by rule by a small group of people or a
government institution (i.e., military)? A. True

A. Authoritarianism. B. False

B. Oligarchy. 6. A shared framework of values, beliefs,

C. Totalitarianism. and habits of behavior in regard to gov-
ernment and politics is known as
D. none of above
A. social norms
3. In addition to demographic influences, our B. civil-service bureaucracy
political ideology is most impacted by
C. extreme individualism
A. Family
D. political culture
B. Education
C. Age 7. What is the Founding Fathers favorite
word to describe the type of government
D. Social media the U.S is?
4. Political efficacy is A. Republic.
A. The right to vote B. Democracy.

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
C. Bureaucracy.
D. none of above
8. Which of the following age groups would
be most likely to vote in an election?
A. 18-29
B. 30-34
C. 45-54
D. 65-74
9. Major influences such as family, education,
mass media and peers shape our views
concerning government and politics in a
process described by the term:
A. political ideology
B. political socialization
C. public policy
D. agents of socialization
10. Which of the following is defined by the
collective beliefs by citizens about how
their political system should operate?
A. Political Culture
B. Political legitimacy
C. Political efficacy
D. Political party
11. Which of the following methods would be
defined by the United Kingdom’s formal
power-sharing agreement for the govern-
ing of Northern Ireland between Protes-
tant and Roman Catholic leaders?
A. Political recognition
B. Governmental coercion and repres-
sion
C. Creation of autonomous regions
D. Representation in government
12. Americans will not tolerate political in-
equality according to the text, but what
type of inequality do we tolerate?
A. economic inequality
8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. B
3
B. inequality of opportunity
C. judicial inequality
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D. political inequality
13. According to World and European Values
Surveys, as legal citizens in democratic
countries, almost all people in European
countries are actually ‘true democrats’.
A. True
B. False
14. The first form of this government was
started in Athens, Greece.
A. Democracy
B. Autocracy
C. Oligarchy
D. Monarchy
15. Identify a CORRECT agent of political so-
cialization
A. Schools
B. Sports teams
C. Restaurants
D. Corporations
16. The study of political culture involves at-
tempting to explain political behavior by
A. explaining the structures and institu-
tions of various governments
B. identifying the beliefs, attitudes, and
values of citizens
C. examining the historical conflicts be-
tween countries
D. assessing the character of political
leaders
17. The political and policy climate in Texas
after the civil rights movement reflects a
pragmatism (practical) that includes which
of the following characteristics?
A. a pro-union work enviroment
14. A 15. A 16. B 17. B
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 4

B. a comparatively low level of state ser- D. Representative Government

vices
23. What is political tolerance?
C. favorable views on taxation
A. The willingness to extend basic rights
D. more liberal policies in the areas of ed- and civil liberties to persons and groups
ucation and civil rights whose viewpoints differ from one’s own.
18. Supply-Side Economics B. Banning people from having different
A. gives the supplier the power to double views on issues

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tax products C. Only allowing those in charge to have
B. argues that cutting taxes on the an opinion
wealthy will result in trickle-down effects D. Not listening to what others have to
that benefit the entire economy, say
C. is a way for members of congres to
24. What is the free enterprise system?
make money
A. Guarantee equality among citizens
D. argues that increasing government
spending to stimulate the economy in B. The majority rules but the rights of the
times of economic downturn political minority are protected
C. Allows for people and business to
19. People are basically good.
make their own economic choices about
A. Hobbes how best to produce, distribute, and ex-
B. Locke change goods and services with limited in-
terference from government
20. What country later adopted Mon-
D. The ability of people to act and think as
tesquieu’s theory of government?
the choose, so long and their choices do
A. France not harm the liberty or well-being of oth-
B. China ers
C. England 25. The “gender gap” refers to the idea that
D. America women
A. Are more likely to vote for Democrats
21. Which of the following political cultures
than are men
emphasizes minimal government?
B. Cannot take combat roles in the mili-
A. Individualistic
tary
B. Moralistic
C. Are denied equal protection
C. Traditionalistic
D. Are proportionally underrepresented
D. none of above among members of Congress
22. Definition:The government and those who 26. Of the three political subcultures identified
govern are bound by the law, as are those in the reading, which two have had the
who are governed. most influence on the development of po-
A. Rule of Law litical culture in Texas?
B. Republic A. Traditional, Individualistic
C. Democracy B. Traditional, Moralistic

18. B 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. A

1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 5

C. Moralistic, Individualistic 31. Which of the following are TRUE of theo-

ries and their vital role in science? (Select
D. Moralistic, Traditional
all that apply)

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27. Which quote best represents the concept
of limited government?
A. “The government that governs least is
the government that governs best.”
B. “A government of the people, by the
people, and for the people.”
C. “Power must never be trusted without
a check.”
D. “All men are created equal.”
A. Theories aren’t proofs, but ideas that
express a specific causal mechanism
B. The best ones are elegant and offer a
lot of explanatory power while often ignor-
ing unexplained aspects
C. One phenomenon can be “explained”
by different theories
D. Theories are “lenses” that help us
focus on particular aspects of a phe-
nomenon

28. Identify one of the major areas of Texas 32. The culture war in the United States is a
history described in the reading that had battle over?
a significant impact on the development of
A. Sports
political culture.
B. Money
A. Capitalism
C. Land
B. Reconstruction
D. Values
C. Socialization
33. Form of government that promotes indi-
D. Policy
vidual liberty (freedoms) and God-given
rights (natural rights), believes that all
29. Which of the following would a political
governmental power is derived from the
scientist look at as the best indicator of
people, and encourages participation by its
democratization?
citizens in political affairs.
A. Written protections of civil liberties.
A. Monarchy
B. Holding national elections on a regular B. Oligarchy
basis.
C. Democracy
C. Robust political culture of civil society
group pluralism. D. Republicanism

D. A written constitution with separate 34. According to Inglehart’s scarcity hypothe-

branches of government. sis, people’s values are formed during the
early years of their childhood and repre-
30. Locke believed the social contract sent the economic conditions prevalent at
that time.
A. worked both ways between the gov-
ernment and people A. True
B. put only the people in charge B. False

C. put only the government in charge 35. What does orthodox mean?
D. none of above A. Having traditional views on issues

27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 31. B 31. C 31. D 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. A
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 6

B. Having no views on issues D. every man for himself

C. Believing in anarchy 41. What type of government is characterized
D. Believing in communism by popular sovereignty?
A. Communism.
36. One house legislature
B. Fascism.
A. unicameral
C. Democracy.
B. Bicameral
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Congress
D. Parliament 42. What is liberty?
A. The state of being free from unequal
37. Which of the following terms refers to A treatment in a democracy.
belief that one is a member of an economic
B. The state of being free within society
group whose interests are opposed to peo-
from oppressive restrictions imposed by
ple in other such groups.
authority on one’s way of life, behavior, or
A. Class Consciousness political views.
B. Orthodox C. The state of being free within a soci-
C. Progressives ety from economic abuses that create dis-
parate impact in a democracy.
D. none of above
D. none of above
38. Levels of political trust in the Baltic states
are highly dependent on institutional per- 43. Which of the following political cultures
formance both in the economic sphere and emphasizes cooperation?
political sphere. A. Individualistic
A. True B. Moralistic
B. False C. Traditionalistic
D. none of above
39. What term describes civil society groups
that provide some similar services as a 44. Which political party system does the U.S.
government provides? have?
A. nongovernmental organization A. Multi party system
B. supranational organization B. One party system
C. political party C. Minor party system
D. political system D. Two party system

40. To him, what was the best form of govern- 45. Which of the following terms refers to a
ment? patterned and sustained way of thinking
about how political and economic life ought
A. where each powers (legislative, execu-
to be carried out?
tive, and judicial) were separate and kept
each other in check to prevent any branch A. political efficacy
from becoming too powerful B. political culture
B. democracy C. political behavior
C. absolute monarchy D. none of above

37. A 38. A 39. A 40. A 41. C 42. B 43. B 44. D 45. B

1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
46. Gerrymandering is unfair because
A. no one has the right to divide electoral
districts for elections
B. it sets district boundaries to decrease
one group’s voting strength
C. it makes voter registration difficult for
uneducated white males
D. it increases the voting power of minor-
ity groups
47. Which of the following is the difference be-
tween Hard Money and Soft Money?
A. Hard Money is given directly to the po-
litical party of a candidate; Soft Money
goes directly to the candidate
B. Hard Money comes from U.S. citizens;
Soft Money is from foreign citizens
C. Hard Money is given to PACs; Soft
Money goes to the political party of the
candidate
D. Hard Money goes directly to the can-
didate; Soft Money comes from the candi-
date’s political party or a PAC
48. Hobbes believed that a single , or ruler,
should have complete authority over the
people.
A. emperor
B. magnate
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C. overlord
D. sovereign
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49. Which characteristic of political culture in
Texas places an emphasis on traditional
values and moralism?
A. classical conservatism
B. populism
C. social conservatism
D. classical liberalism
50. Interest groups are MOST interested in
A. nominating specific candidates for of-
fice
B. winning a broad range of elections
C. influencing specific public policies
D. affecting a broad range of public policy
issues
51. According to Montesquieu, what is the
main purpose of government?
A. to maintain law and order, political lib-
erty, and the property of the individual
B. to build a wall
C. to create laws that everyone agree on
D. to open Chic Fil A on Sundays
52. Which term below is defined as follows:
places the primary political value on
political arrangements that allow for the
fullest exercise of individual liberty as
long as the liberties of others are not un-
reasonably restricted.
A. classical liberalism
B. populism
C. social conservatism
D. economic liberalism
53. What is political ideology?
A. Shared attitudes, beliefs, and core val-
ues about how government should oper-
ate
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 8

B. Giving priority to one’s own goals over
group goals
C. The idea that government should play
as small a role as possible in economic af-
fairs
D. The principle that the law applies to ev-
eryone, even those who govern
B. nation’s open frontier during its devel-
opment
C. nation’s need for a set of values that
could serve to unify immigrants coming
from many different countries.
D. embrace of the ideals by each succeed-
ing generation of Americans

NARAYAN CHANGDER
54. If a U.S President and the Vice President E. all of these have had an important role
can no longer serve, who is next in line to 59. What are the three inalienable rights that
be in power? all people have?
A. The presidents Chief of Staff. A. Food, Shelter, and Clothing
B. The Secretary of State. B. Life, Liberty and Death
C. The Speaker of the House of Represen- C. Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happi-
tatives. ness
D. none of above D. none of above
55. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and 60. As a solution to corruption, researchers
property. have increasingly focused on a policy ap-
A. Hobbes proach rather than a ‘social learning’ ap-
B. Locke proach.
A. True
56. A commitment to personal initiative and
self-sufficiency = B. False

A. socialism 61. When citizens pass laws directly it is called

B. communal living
C. individualism A. Direct Democracy

D. political identity B. Representative Democracy or Repub-

lic
E. democracy
62. Who was the main writer of the Declara-
57. Which of the following is the earliest and tion of Independence?
one of the most significant agents in the
political socialization process A. George Washington

A. family B. Thomas Jefferson

B. place of residence C. John Adams

C. group affiliation D. Benjamin Franklin

D. gender 63. Which of the following is NOT one of the

core political ideals of America?
58. Which influence has not had an important
role in the establishment of Americans’ po- A. liberty
litical values? B. individualism
A. nation’s origin in a revolution C. equality

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1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
D. self-government
E. affirmative action
64. Which of the following is NOT one of the
three main elements of the major parties
in terms of the roles of their members?
A. the party organization
B. the party in the electorate
C. the party media consultants
D. the party in government
65. Texas is considered individualistic because
of which of the following? (Select all that
apply)
A. The positive view that bureaucrats
aid in the advancement of an individual
Texan’s interests
B. Strong support for private business
C. Opposition to big government interfer-
ence
D. Faith in individual initiatives over gov-
ernment “programs”
66. The process by which citizens acquire a
sense of their own political identity would
be best defined as:
A. Political opinion
B. Political socialization
C. Demographics
D. Political culture
67. What is outsourcing?
A. A decision by a corporation to turn
over much of the responsibility for produc-
tion to independent suppliers.
B. Actions or processes that involve the
entire world and result in making some-
thing worldwide in scope.
C. the impact of a person’s age and stage
in life on his or her political views
D. the coherent set of values and beliefs
about the purpose and scope of govern-
ment held by groups and individuals
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68. Which of the following statements about
political socialization is true?
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A. Political socialization is a process that
continues throughout an individual’s life.
B. The most powerful agent of political so-
cialization is the school.
C. Political socialization ensures that cit-
izens perceive the government as legiti-
mate.
D. none of above
69. Parties that hold a particular set of under-
lying beliefs that inform their perspective
on a variety of issues are known as
A. ideological parties
B. single-issue parties
C. splinter parties
D. electorate party
70. The book lists liberty, equality, democracy,
and civic duty as 4 of 5 important elements
in the American view of the political sys-
tem, which answer below is the 5th?
A. military dominance
B. economic plurality
C. individual responsibility
D. collective responsibility
71. Confidence in institutions is determined by
cultural norms instead of the performance
of political authorities.
A. True
B. False
72. Which of the following public opinion polls
would be the most useful?
A. A poll with scientific data support
B. A straw poll based on personal opin-
ions
C. A poll paid for by candidate Hillary Clin-
ton
D. An internet based poll on Twitter
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 10

73. Which BEST describes a representative 77. What is Individual Responsibility?

democracy? A. People are not responsible for their ac-
A. leaders tions
B. kings B. Individuals are responsible for their
own actions and well-being
C. elected officials
C. People should expect the government
D. democrats to solve all of their problems

NARAYAN CHANGDER
74. What is equality? D. Others determine how successful you
will be in life.
A. A government committed to treating
all people the same. 78. The popular vote
B. The state of lacking competition with A. Popular suffering
another person and sharing everything,
B. The Great Vote
especially property.
C. Popular Sovereignty
C. The state of being equal, especially in
status, rights, and opportunities. D. Popular Process

D. none of above 79. Which of the following questions is most

likely to appear on a push poll?
75. The idea of Natural Rights can be at-
A. Do you approve of increasing the mili-
tributed to who?
tary budget?
B. Do you approve of raising property
taxes slightly to help fund schools?
C. Do you approve of the waste of money
on failing social service agencies under
our current senator?
D. Do you approve of rolling back environ-
mental regulations to encourage business
investment?

80. Which of the following is defined by inter-

nal divisions that structure societies and
A. George Washington may be based on class, ethnicity, religion,
B. Adam Smith or territory?
C. John Locke A. Political socialization

D. Thomas Jefferson B. Political efficacy

76. According to Inglehart and his colleagues,
the development of values depends solely
on the socio-economic and technological de-
velopment of the society.
A. True
B. False
C. Social and political cleavages
D. Political legitimacy
81. The most important reason(s) why people
don’t vote is:
A. They have difficulty leaving work
B. They are not U.S. citizens

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1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
C. Registration rules
D. All of the above
82. What are the 2 major categories that eco-
nomic policies are divided into
A. Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy
B. Conservative Policy and Liberal Policy
C. Finance Policy and Investment Policy
D. Bank Policy and Credit Union Policy
83. The widely shared and deep seated politi-
cal beliefs of the people in a country =
A. The Bill of Rights
B. political culture
C. enduring beliefs
D. Core Values
84. Policy disputes are shaped by the ideolo-
gies of our two major political parties.
Democrats are generally influenced by
A. Conservative ideologies
B. Liberal ideologies
C. Communism ideologies
D. Libertarian ideologies
85. Minor parties have contributed MOST to
United States politics by
A. causing major parties to adopt their
ideas
B. providing more candidates from which
voters can choose
C. placing their presidential candidates
on the ballot
D. establishing political precedents
86. According to Montesquieu, what is the
best political regime?
A. The monarchy, but parliamentary
B. The republic, but extremist
C. The republic, but moderate
D. The monarchy, but absolutist
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87. What have been the 2 main tension points
in American democracy since the Founding
generation?
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A. Liberty and Personal Property.
B. Liberty and Equality.
C. Liberty and Civic Engagement.
D. none of above
88. What is NOT true about a Political Plat-
form?
A. States the main ideas of the party
B. Explains why it was started
C. Stance on main ideas and current
agenda
D. Explains the negative points about the
opposing party
89. According to Kivirähk and Lauristin, to
achieve changes in the fields of political
culture and participation, all that has to be
done is to raise the functioning capability
of Civil Society Organisations.
A. True
B. talk
90. What is the rule of law?
A. Shared attitudes, beliefs, and core val-
ues about how government should oper-
ate
B. Giving priority to one’s own goals over
group goals
C. The idea that government should play
as small a role as possible in economic af-
fairs
D. The principle that the law applies to ev-
eryone, even those who govern
91. Which of the following is a type of political
culture?
A. Traditionalistic
B. Moralistic
C. Individualistic
D. All of the Above
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 12

92. The trend of social trust in the Baltic states social problems are more important than
from 1990 to 2008 confirms that interper- religion.
sonal trust largely depends on economic A. Class-Consciousness
and physical security in society.
B. Orthodox
A. True
C. Progressives
B. False
D. none of above
93. In Estonia, immigrant populations are

NARAYAN CHANGDER
more tolerated than the LGBTQ commu- 98. Which core political ideal has been Amer-
nity, according to the 2012 sub-index of ica’s most elusive?
the Legatum’s social capital index. A. liberty
A. True B. freedom
B. False C. voting rights

94. According to the social contract the- D. equality

ory, where does the government get its E. racism
power?
99. Which of the following is defined by
A. “the legislature”
philosphical ideals and principles that pro-
B. “the laws of nature” vide a political and social blueprint for or-
C. “the consent of the governed” dering society?

D. the King of England A. classical liberalism

B. inalienable rights
95. What is a demographic?
C. rule of law
A. A piece of art
D. political ideology
B. A constitutional amendment
C. religion, ethnicity, population, etc. 100. A federal government is one in which

D. A building in Washington D.C. A. all power is concentrated in the central

96. What is political socialization?
A. the coherent set of values and beliefs
about the purpose and scope of govern-
ment held by groups and individuals
B. The process by which we develop our
political attitudes, values, and beliefs.
C. commonly shared attitudes, beliefs,
and core values about how government
should operate
government
B. limited powers are assigned to a cen-
tral state by independent states
C. power is divided between a central
government and state governments
D. powers are divided between a legisla-
tive branch and an executive branch
101. Membership in either of the two major
parties is

D. principle that the law applies to every- A. Closely regulated by officials

one, even those who govern B. Closely regulated by law

97. Which of the following terms refers to A C. Decided by personal choice

belief that personal freedom and solving D. Decided when you’re born

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1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 13

102. Which of the following is NOT a concept B. the amount of people who live in your
found in the political culture of the Ameri- home who are eligible to vote
can democratic society?

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C. the amount of time it takes to choose
A. private property a political party
B. equality D. socializing with members in congress
C. majority rule to get a law passed
D. minority rule 107. Which of the following is an effect of Mis-
103. Which political theory argues that the souri’s Political Culture?
state arose out of a voluntary act of free A. Large Number of Local-Governmental
people and that the state exists only to Units
serve the will of the people?
B. Preference for Direct Democracy
A. Force Theory
C. Development of City-Administrator
B. Evolutionary Theory Form of Government
C. Divine Right Theory D. All of the Above
D. Social Contract Theory
108. Referendum as an indicator of participa-
104. All of the following are considered link- tion is very reliable because it offers vot-
age institutions except? ers a plethora of policy choices on political
A. Voting in elections issues.
B. The media A. True
C. Political parties B. False
D. Paying taxes
109. Most commonly understood to embrace
105. Which of the following most distin- solutions by the private sector for public
guishes elections in democratic regimes problems
from elections in authoritarian regimes? A. Liberal
A. The level of competitiveness between
B. Conservative
the ruling party and opposition parties
C. Public Agenda
B. The election is held for national office
across the country at the same time D. Media
C. The election occurs at a regularly
scheduled time as directed by law or tra- 110. Which of the following was NOT an En-
dition lightenment thinker/philosopher that in-
fluenced the founding of American govern-
D. The election results are publicly an- ment.
nounced
A. Thomas Hobbes
106. Political socialization refers to
B. John Locke
A. the process by which people develop
C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
their political beliefs, values, attitudes,
and ideology. D. Aristotle

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1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
111. An illiberal democracy is likely to use
what method as a way to minimizing
protests that critique the government?
A. By prohibiting all protests that critique
the ruling party.
B. By censoring the Internet of all com-
munications related to planned public
protests.
C. By punishing all protests that critique
the government.
D. By using time and place regulations for
local security as reasons to not grant per-
mits for public protests.
112. According to the Pettai Ramonaite article,
political alienation, voter fatigue and emi-
gration are the main possible reasons for
the steady decline in voter turnout in Baltic
states?
A. True
B. False
113. Political scientist published his causal
theory for why different geographic re-
gions of the U.S. held largely uniform po-
litical ideologies.
A. Daniel Elazar
B. Easton
C. Deutsch
D. Colin Woodard
Explanation:Daniel Elazar was interested
in explaining why there are such distinct,
varying yet uniformed viewpoints that ex-
ists and are held so strongly in the U.S.
114. Which best describes America’s form of
government?
A. Republic
B. Democracy
C. Presidential
D. Monarchy
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14
115. Keynesian Economics
A. argues that increasing government
spending to stimulate the economy in
times of economic downturn
B. is the difference between microeco-
nomics and macroeconomics
C. argues that cutting taxes on the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
wealthy will result in trickle-down effects
that benefit the entire economy
D. Increases the supply and demand
116. Conservatives would tend to favor which
of the following
A. Increased government involvement
B. Pro-choice
C. Same sex marriage
D. Increased military spending
117. People are basically selfish and evil.
A. Hobbes
B. Locke
118. Which of the following conclusions about
recent political voting patterns is INCOR-
RECT?
A. African-Americans are more likely to
vote for Democratic candidates
B. Hispanics are more likely to vote for
Democratic candidates
C. Women are more likely to vote for lib-
eral candidates than are men
D. Southern voters are more likely to vote
for a liberal candidate
119. The restriction of the arbitrary exercise
of power by subordinating it to well-
defined and established laws.
A. Separation of Powers
B. Natural Rights of Man
C. Social Contract
D. Rule of Law
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 15

120. The political subculture that has had a 124. The best description of public opinion is
significant influence on political culture in A. The distribution of the population’s be-
Texas and is characterized by a focus on

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freedom with government action primarily
restricted to the economic realm is:
A. Traditional
B. Moralistic
C. Democratic
D. Individualistic
121. Which of the following is NOT a major
function of either of the two major parties
in the United States?
A. To keep the general public informed
about key issues
B. To monitor the conduct of its candi-
dates in office
C. To assure the qualifications of candi-
dates for office
D. To unite people and concentrate solely
on one public policy matter
122. What is political efficacy?
A. The belief that we can engage govern-
ment and create change.
B. The belief that people can mount a suc-
cessful revolution.
C. The belief that people can elect a pow-
erful leader.
D. none of above
liefs about politics and policy issues
B. How the public feels on issues con-
cerning education
C. The distribution of the media’s reflec-
tion of public attitudes
D. The distribution of voter attitudes
125. Texas is considered traditionalistic be-
cause of which of the following? (Select
all that apply)
A. Long history of one-party rule
B. A particular interest in the equal repre-
sentation of demographics in legislature
C. Low levels of voter turnout
D. Social and economic conservatism
126. Which of the following terms refers to A
belief that morality and religion ought to
be of decisive importance.
A. Class Consciousness
B. Orthodox
C. Progressives
D. none of above
127. The phrase “No Taxation without Repre-
sentation” was shouted by colonist who
felt what?

123. Which of the following would be a true

statement regarding public opinion?
A. public opinion teaches patriotism
B. public opinion allows citizens to be-
come aware of politics, learn facts, and
form political values
C. public opinion is shaped by an individ- A. They needed a tax collector
ual’s political culture and political social-
B. That they had no voice in Parliment
ization
D. a change in public opinion is always a C. That they wanted their tax check
slow process D. That Parliament had heard them

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1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
128. Compared with a democratic regime, how
is an authoritarian regime is more likely to
treat civil society groups?
A. By protecting the right of assembly
even for groups opposed to the political
party in power.
B. With mandatory registration and gov-
ernment monitoring.
C. With rules that promote pluralism.
D. By protecting the criminal due process
rights of civil society groups.
129. 2 house legislature
A. Bicameral
B. unicameral
C. Bicameral
D. Bilegislature
130. What are two major political ideologies
in the United States:
A. republican and democrats
B. liberalism and conservatism
C. independent and liberalism
D. conservatism and independent
131. What type of government is character-
ized by one person rule?
A. Democracy.
B. Oligarchy.
C. Autocracy.
D. none of above
132. During the Enlightenment period, people
were awakening to the idea of individual
A. rights
B. potential
C. liberties
D. responsibilities
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16
133. Public Opinion, measured by surveys, re-
veals the political beliefs of a subset of
the population about a certain issue. What
validates a poll so that we have more reli-
able results.
A. random sampling
B. Random digit dialing
C. quota samples,
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D. all of the above
134. Politics is the process through which a so-
ciety settles its conflicts. What are the
two main sources of conflict in society?
A. wealth and status
B. ambition and power
C. scare resources and conflicting values
D. generational differences and property
rights
135. American Political Culture refere to
A. how Americans feel about the laws be-
ing passed in congress
B. which party you affiliate with.
C. the broader ideas that guide thinking
about the role of government in the United
States.
D. lobbying for a specific political party
136. Which type of poll is administered contin-
uously over a short period of time?
A. Push poll
B. Tracking poll
C. Straw poll
D. Public opinion poll
137. What is political culture?
A. An act of congress
B. A distinctive and patterned way of
thinking about how political and economic
life ought to be carried out
C. The right to vote
D. A form of government
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 17

138. In Estonia participation in charity work C. The president is the most visible politi-
and volunteering is at a high level ac- cian in the America
cording to 2012 Legatum Prosperity Index

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D. All of the above
(LPI).
A. True 144. Attempting to measure public opinion by
asking the same question of a large num-
B. False ber of people is
139. Based on the data from the latest wave A. a straw poll
of the World Values Survey (2010-2012),
B. a sampling poll
a high percentage of respondents were
very proud of the fact that they are res- C. a controlling poll
idents of Estonia. D. a scientific poll
A. True
145. There are many different ideologies
B. False within the political spectrum. An ideology
that promotes a limited governmental role
140. Who was the leader of the Federalist
in helping individuals and supports tradi-
Party?
tional values and lifestyles would be de-
A. Thomas Jefferson fined as a
B. George Washington A. liberal ideology
C. Alexander Hamilton B. reactionary ideology
D. John Adams C. conservative ideology
141. When defining the political culture of a D. moderate ideology
country, the support for the abstract ideal
of democracy is the only perfect measure 146. If we think of Estonia’s economic devel-
of regime support. opment during the last decade, Inglehart’s
socialisation hypothesis proves that we
A. True should expect greater changes in values
B. False than what exists now.
142. The process by which people form their A. True
political attitudes B. False
A. Assimilation
147. The rights of all people to dignity and
B. Political Socialization worth; also called human rights.
C. Public Agenda A. natural rights
D. Indoctrination B. liberties
143. Why is voter turnout higher during pres- C. the Bill of Rights
idential elections than in mid-term elec- D. none of above
tions?
A. The office of the presidency is believed 148. Who was the leader of the Anti-
to be more important Federalist Party?

B. There is more media coverage of pres- A. Abraham Lincoln

idential elections B. Andrew Jackson

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1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
C. Benjamin Franklin
D. Thomas Jefferson
149. Elected officials represent groups of peo-
ple in the law-making and decision-making
process.
A. republicanism
B. Republican Party
C. representative democracy
D. democracy
150. Continued disarray in the party system
and conflicts between the president and
prime minister explain why the support for
strongman rule is on the rise in Latvia?
A. True
B. False
151. In the United States, a political party is
made up of a group of people who
A. disagree on how to resolve the basic
issues affecting the country
B. work to get candidates elected to polit-
ical offices
C. work separately to support one major
program or policy
D. support split-ticket voting
152. Definition:In a representative system of
government, the people elect public office-
holders to make laws and conduct govern-
ment on the people’s behalf.
A. Consent of the Governed
B. Representative Government
C. Federalism
D. Democracy
153. What European studied our political cul-
ture and wrote about it in his book Democ-
racy in America?
A. John Locke
B. Alexis de Tocqueville
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18
C. Thomas Hobbes
D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
154. Most political scientists and political ob-
servers assess public opinion primarily
through
A. Social media blogs
B. Letters to the editor
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Voter registration
D. Polls
155. America is very different than other coun-
tries in that we are linked NOT by shared
ancestry, but by
A. political heritage
B. ancient tribal beliefs from the Tigris
and Euphrates River Valley civilizations
C. an allegiance to a common set of ide-
als
D. fear of tyrannical rule overtaking the
republic
E. “Habits of the Mind”
156. Political ideology:
A. Each person has a set of personal po-
litical values that shape their political ide-
ology.
B. the set of ideas, beliefs, and values
that individuals have about how govern-
ment should work and the kinds of policies
that government should implement.
C. These values are developed based
on the environments in which they have
grown up and lived.
D. all of the above
157. Which cultural value has had the most in-
fluence on U.S. social welfare policy?
A. liberty
B. equality
C. individualism
D. self-government
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE
158. The environment where there are vari-
ous views about the role of government,
views which are influenced by different
experience and understanding, and views
that can often lead to political conflict
through elections and the engagement by
citizens with specific policy issues is know
as:
A. Government
B. Political Culture
C. Politics
D. Federalism
159. Political socialization involves the pro-
cess of
A. Becoming a public servant
B. Running for public office
C. Leaving a political party to join another
D. Learning how to think politically
160. Values Survey (2011) shows that the
values of the Estonian-and Russian-
speaking populations differ significantly
only in regard to the survival versus self-
expression dimension.
A. True
B. False
161. What is laissez-faire?
A. Shared attitudes, beliefs, and core val-
ues about how government should oper-
ate
B. Giving priority to one’s own goals over
group goals
C. The idea that government should play
as small a role as possible in economic af-
fairs
D. The principle that the law applies to ev-
eryone, even those who govern
162. What does being progressive mean?
A. Having traditional views on issues
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19
B. Having no views on issues
C. Believing personal freedom is more im-
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portant than tradition.
D. Wanting to go back to how things were
in the past.
163. Which of the following shapes political
culture?
A. Shared History
B. Family
C. Dominant Religious Beliefs
D. All of the Above
164. What is individualism?
A. Shared attitudes, beliefs, and core val-
ues about how government should oper-
ate
B. Giving priority to one’s own goals over
group goals
C. The idea that government should play
as small a role as possible in economic af-
fairs
D. The principle that the law applies to ev-
eryone, even those who govern
165. An electoral system where citizens vote
to elect people to represent their interests
and concerns.
A. Limited Government
B. Command Government
C. Representative Government
D. Socialistic Government
166. What is globalization?
A. A decision by a corporation to turn
over much of the responsibility for produc-
tion to independent suppliers.
B. the impact of a person’s age and stage
in life on his or her political views
C. Actions or processes that involve the
entire world and result in making some-
thing worldwide in scope.
1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 20

D. the coherent set of values and beliefs B. Free Enterprise

about the purpose and scope of govern-
ment held by groups and individuals
167. According to Inglehart and Welze’s ap-
proach as cited in Realo, traditional ver-
sus modern and socialism versus capital-
ism are the two large value dimensions
that make it possible to describe most
C. Communism
D. Traditional economy
172. Because it would be cost-prohibitive to
ask every citizen their opinion on a whole
range of issues, pollsters rely on a(n)
of the population to gain information.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
of the cultural differences in value prefer- A. Slice
ences. B. Educated guess
A. True C. Census
B. False D. Sample
173. When could a citizen’s decision to not
168. Participatory trends via new forms of
vote in an election be viewed as political
political activism in the Baltic countries
participation?
haven’t been encouraging, so Pettai Ra-
monaite mentioned that recently there is A. Because the citizen was too busy to
no positive sign of civic participation at all. vote on election day.
A. True B. Because the citizen was part of a coor-
dinated effort to boycott an election that
B. False was widely viewed as rigged.
169. Which term below is defined as your C. Because the citizen was disinterested
awareness of the agents of socialization in the election
that shape your world view and your D. Because the citizen forgot to vote on
views about government, politics and pub- election day.
lic issues?
174. No one is above the law, no matter how
A. civic courage rich, powerful or famous
B. real communication A. rule of law
C. critical solidarity B. separation of powers
D. civic agency C. rights of the minority
170. A consistent pattern of beliefs about po- D. autocrat
litical values and the roles of the govern- 175. “Governments derive their just powers
ment. form the consent of the governed””We
A. political culture the People”“Here, sir, the people gov-
ern.”These three states all deal with
B. political ideology
which American political ideal?
C. democracy A. liberty
D. natural rights B. equality
171. What type of economy does the United C. self-government
States believe in? D. social justice
A. Command Economy E. groupthink

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1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 21

176. Which of the following was in conflict B. 39

with the American believe in equality of C. 55
opportunity?

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D. 25
A. Slavery
182. Which of these is not an American Politi-
B. Universal suffrage
cal Value?
C. Economic freedom
A. Liberty
D. Desegregation
B. Wealth
177. Which of the following political cultures C. Democracy
emphasizes a strong commitment to the D. Civic Duty
political order?
E. Individual Responsibility
A. Individualistic
183. Political socialization is an ongoing pro-
B. Moralistic
cess but is largely the product of a few
C. Traditionalistic major agents of socialization.
D. none of above A. family school media and peers
178. Most commonly understood to embrace B. politicians, friends, lobbyist, and peers
government solutions to public problems C. family, congress, peers, and teachers
A. Moderate D. congress, media, lobbyist, and friends
B. Public Agenda 184. Which of the following is an accurate com-
C. Conservative parison of Conservative and Liberal views
concerning social policy?
D. Liberal

179. What term describes associations that cit-

izens join voluntarily that are independent
and autonomous from the state?
A. Popular sovereignty
B. Political legitimacy
C. civil society A. A
D. political efficacy B. B

180. What is civic duty? C. C

A. Ignoring everything around you
B. Not voting in an election
C. A law
D. Becoming involved in community af-
fairs when possible
181. How many people signed the U.S Consti-
tution?
A. 29
D. D
185. What is the generational effect?
A. The process by which we develop our
political attitudes, values, and beliefs.
B. the coherent set of values and beliefs
about the purpose and scope of govern-
ment held by groups and individuals
C. a long-lasting effect of the events of
a particular time on the political opinions

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1.1 POLITICAL CULTURE 22

of those who came of political age at that C. Straw poll

time D. Scientific poll
D. the impact of a person’s age and stage
187. The process by which citizens acquire a
in life on his or her political views
sense of their own political identity would
186. Immediately after casting your vote, best be defined as
you’re asked to step aside and complete A. public opinion
a survey. This is an example of a B. political socialization

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A. Push poll C. demographics
B. Exit poll D. political culture

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