Definition and Types of Plagiarism

Plagiarism simply means using someone else’s ideas and passing them off as your own.

There are seven types of plagiarism:

1. Sham Paraphrasing: The material is copied word-for-word from the text and source
acknowledged in-line but represented as paraphrased.
2. Illicit Paraphrasing: The material is paraphrased from the text without in-line acknowledgment
of the source.
3. ‘Other’ Plagiarism: The material is copied from another student’s assignment with the
knowledge of the other student.
4. Verbatim Copying: The material is copied word-for-word from the text without in-line
acknowledgment of the source.
5. Recycling: The same assignment is submitted more than once for different courses.
6. Ghost Writing: The assignment is written by a third party and represented as the student’s own
work.
7. Purloining: The assignment is copied from another student’s assignment or other person’s
papers without that person’s knowledge.

Source: Student plagiarism in universities: what are we doing about it? By J. Walker, 1998, Higher Education
Research and Development, 17, p. 103 (as cited in Maxwell, A., Curtis, Guy & Vardanega, L., 2008).

Consequences of Plagiarism on Campus

Here are some consequences you will face if you are caught plagiarizing:
• You will have to go through an Ethics Committee hearing on campus
• Consequences range from getting zero for an assignment to expulsion from Binus University
International
• Intentional or unintentional plagiarism will be treated equally

Avoiding Plagiarism
There are several ways to avoid plagiarism:
• Citing, referencing, paraphrasing, summarizing and quoting are very important skills to get you
out of trouble.
• Strong, original research
• Note-taking is essential to ensure that you do not lose track of your sources
• Time management

Support Available
 Academic English programs
 English Clinic
 ELS website: http://international.binus.ac.id/els
Referencing
Referencing is a standardized method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that are used
in a scholarly work such as a research essay, thesis, dissertation, etc.

Reasons to reference
The most commonly stated reason is to help others trace the source(s) of your research. However, there
are actually some more reasons:
• Display a knowledge of current literature
• Demonstrate support for your ideas, opinions, and point of view
• Provide examples of the context of your research – is it a controversial topic? Is it a newly
developed field of study? Is it relevant to contemporary thinking?
• Provide examples or evidence to support own research
• Allow readers to follow up and read the cited author’s argument

When to reference
We reference when we use someone else’s ideas in our writing in the form of:
• Direct quotations
• Facts, figures, ideas, and theories – not common knowledge. Common knowledge does not need
to be referenced: Earth is round. There are ten commandments in the Bible. Etc.
• Information rewritten in your own words (paraphrase/summary)
• Information from books, journals, the Internet, videos, radio, TV, lecture notes, personal
communication

Methods of referencing
There are many referencing methods in which different universities may apply different methods. The
most common referencing methods include:
• Harvard – aka author-date system
• Oxford
• APA
• MLA
• Chicago
• Vancouver
• Turabian
• IEEE

Binus University International applies APA for the referencing method, except the Computer Science
faculty which applies IEEE.

APA referencing format

1. In-text citations: this can be found within the text of your writing in the forms of summaries,
paraphrases or direct quotations. We usually write down the last name/surname of the author
and the year of the publication to refer to the original author of the idea. When we use direct
quotations, we also include the page number (p. for a single page and pp. for a few pages)
There are two possible forms of in-text citations, which are:
• Brown (2000)
• (Brown, 2000)
 Direct quotations can be classified into two forms:
a. Short quote: a direct quote with fewer than 40 words and double quotation marks.
“…………………………………………………” (Brown, 2000, p. 5)
OR
Brown (2000, p. 5) states that, “…………………………………………………”
b. Long quote: a direct quote with more than 40 words or a paragraph and no quotation
marks.
Brown (2000) says that,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(p. 5)
A direct long quote always starts on a new line and is indented about half an inch from
the left. It should be in a smaller font size so that it does not take up too much room.

2. Reference list: this is a complete list of all references at the end of the document. It includes
books, journal articles, etc. that you have cited in the text of your essay. Here are things to
remember when writing a reference list:
• The reference should appear at the end of your work on a separate page
• The reference list should be arranged alphabetically by authors’ last names. When there
is no author mentioned, it starts with the title of the book or the article
• The second and subsequent lines of each reference should be indented

This guidebook covers APA referencing method on several common sources, which are:
• Books
• Journals
• World Wide Web
• Secondary sources

Elements of a reference
Here are some general guidelines to write a reference list from common sources:

Book:

Initial of Title in Publisher

first name italics

Meyers, A. (2000). Learning can be fun. Jakarta: BINUS University Press.

Author’s Publication Place of

surname Year publication
 Journal article from the internet:
Publication
Year

Initial of Title of Journal in Page

first name the article italics numbers

Hood, P. (2010). Helping students to learn. Journal of Education, 9, 201-205. Retrieved from
http://www.education.edu/helping-students-learn

Author’s Volume in
surname Web italics
address

Web Page:

Initial of
first name Title

Coyle, D. (2005). Fun learning. Retrieved from http://www.binus.ac.id/funlearning.html

Author’s Publication Web

surname Year address
 Source: Books
In-text example Reference list example
(Print and Online)
Single author Brown (2000) states that … Brown, D. (2000). Studying mood of students. Jakarta: Binus
OR Press.
Students study well when they are in their
greatest mood (Brown, 2000)
Two authors Brown and Rowling (2000) … Brown, D., & Rowling, J. K. (2000). Student’s greatest time.
OR Jakarta: Binus Press.
“… students can do well” (Brown and
Rowling, 2000, p. 5)
Three or more authors Brown, Rowling and Harper (2000) … Brown, D., Rowling, J. K., & Harper, L. (2000). Psychological
moments. Jakarta: Binus Press.
Cite all authors the first time the reference
occurs.

In subsequent citations, include only the

surname of the first author followed by et
al.

Brown et al. (2000) suggest that …

OR
… (Brown et al., 2000)
No author The book ‘Academic Writing’ (2000) Academic Writing: Steps to becoming a successful writer.
OR (2000). Jakarta: Kompas Gramedia.
(Academic Writing, 2000)

Shorten title
Multiple works by the Homework helps … (Brown, 2000, 2003) Brown, D. (2000). Benefits of homework. Jakarta: Binus Press.
same author
Brown, D. (2003). Studying mood of students. Jakarta: Binus
Press.

Order chronologically in the reference list.

Multiple works published Homework helps … (Brown, 2000a, 2000b) Brown, D. (2000a). Benefits of homework. Jakarta: Binus
in the same year by the Press.
same author
Brown, D. (2000b). Studying a second language. Jakarta:
Binus Press.
Use a/b etc. to differentiate between works
in the same year. Order alphabetically by title.

Works by different (M. Marsh, 2010) OR M. Marsh (2010) Marsh, M. (2010). Computer science. Jakarta: Gramedia.
authors with the same
surname (P. Marsh, 2003) OR P. Marsh (2003) Marsh, P. (2008). Information era. Jakarta: Binus Press.
Editor (Hood, 2010, p. 10) Hood, P. (Ed.). (2010). APA referencing. Boston: Prentice Hall.
Different editions (Hood, 2010, p. 10) Hood, P. (2010). Reference list (2nd ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
Hood, P. (2005). Steps to do references. Retrieved from
Electronic book (eBook) (Hood, 2005, pp. 50-52)
http://www.hood.com/steps-reference.html
Mann, P. (2000). Education system. In D. Brown & D. Cole
Article or chapter in a
Mann (2004) stated that … (Eds.), Teaching world (2nd ed., pp. 20-25). Boston:
book
Preston.
Include under the table
Table
In text, refer to tables by their number. Note. Adapted from “Numbers and Data,” by J. Green, 2005,
When including a table As shown in Table 1, the numbers were … Journal of Statistics, 7, p. 240. Copyright 2005 by the American
reproduced from another Psychological Association.
source, enter the OR
reference directly under Include in the reference list
the figure and in the Green (2005, Table 1, row 2)
reference list. Green, J. (2005). Numbers and data. Journal of Statistics, 7,
231-250.
Figures (graphs, charts, Include under the figure
maps, drawings and
photographs) Figure 3. Learning matrix. Adapted from “Learning Strategies
(Jones, 2010, Figure 3)
for Students,” by M. Jones, 2010, Journal of Learning, 2, p. 134.
When including a figure Copyright 2010 by American Psychological Association.
reproduced from another
source, enter the Include in the reference list
reference directly under
the figure and in the Jones, M. (2010). Learning strategies. Journal of Learning, 2,
reference list. 130-140.
Source: Journals
In-text example Reference list example
(Print and Online)
Marsh, D. (2003). The students in Indonesia. Journal of
Education, 2, 4-10.
As mentioned by Marsh (2003), …
Article
OR
(Print) Where the page numbers in the entire volume run
“… the student’s work.” (Marsh, 2003, p. 4)
consecutively, do not use issue number after the volume
number.
(“Students’ Work,”, 2004)
Article – no author Students’ work in Indonesia. (2004). Journal of Education,
(Print) Use a short title with capitalization and (June/July), 20-25.
enclosed in quotation marks.
Marsh, D. (2005, June 6). Ideas to move forward. The Jakarta
(Marsh, 2005) Post, p. 6.

If electronic, give the URL of the newspaper homepage.

Newspaper article
Hood, P. (2010, December 20). We are out. The Jakarta Post.
(Hood, 2010) Retrieved from http://thejakartapost.com

Mark the day and the date. (2015, January 5). The Guardian, p.
(“Mark the Day,” 2015)
6.
Newspaper article – no
author Use a short title with capitalization and
If electronic, give the URL of the newspaper homepage. Use
enclosed in quotation marks.
‘Retrieved from’ followed by the URL.
Journal (Marsh and Hood, 2016) Marsh, D., & Hood, P. (2016). Schools without homework.
(Online) OR Journal of Learning, 4(3), 50-56. Retrieved from
Marsh and Hood (2016) state that … http://journaloflearning.com

Include the issue number if the journal is paginated by issue.

Journal – no author The study concludes that homework is much Homework is good. (2010). Journal of Learning, 10, 201-204.
(Online) better to help students. (“Homework Is Retrieved from http://journaloflearning.com
Good,” 2010)
Conference paper in (Adams, 2012) Adams, T. (2012). Computer technology. In M. Bowy (Ed.)
Proceedings OR Technology: Proceedings of an international conference
As mentioned by Adams (2012) held in Bali, Indonesia, 9-10 December 2011 (pp. 26-30).
Jakarta: Erlangga Publisher.
Source:
In-text example Reference list example
World Wide Web
Document on WWW (Coyle, 2001) Coyle, D. (2001). Health diet for students. Retrieved from
http://dietforstudents.com/health.html
Document on WWW – no (“Academic Series,” 2005, para. 3) Academic series of writing. (2005). Retrieved from
author http://longman.edu/academic-series
Use paragraph numbers for html documents.
Source:
In-text example Reference list example
Secondary Source
Book … shows a sharp increase (Meyers, as cited in Oshima, K. (2000). Research in writing. Oxford: Oxford
Oshima, 2000, p. 4) University Press.
Quote by one author OR
used in the text of a Meyers’ research (as cited in Oshima, 2000, Record the book that you actually used.
different book p.4)
Journal article Hogue’s statement (as cited in Meyers, 2007) Meyers, A. (2007). Learning benefit. Education Journal, 6, 121-
OR 130.
Quote by one author “…students will feel the benefit” (Hogue, as
used in the text of a cited in Meyers, 2007, p. 9) Record the journal that you actually used.
different article

Adapted from APA 6th referencing, by Curtin University Library, 2015, retrieved from
http://libguides.library.curtin.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=17349210
 Source:
In-text example Reference list example
Social Media
YouTube video (Sriram, 2013) Sriram, J. [boss]. (2013, May 11). TED talks education [Video
(with author – person who file]. Retrieved from
posted the video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dilnw_dP3xk

Use the screen name Sriram as it appears online. If the user’s

real name is available, list it first, followed by the screen
name [boss] in brackets.
YouTube video (with (CRLTatUMichigan, 2009) CRLTatUMichigan. (2009, May 1). Deborah Ball: Engaging
author screen name) students in large classes [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPhCmvpPorU
Web streaming video Bond (2000) mentioned that … Bond, J. (2000). Strategies in life [Streaming video]. Jakarta:
Press Association. Retrieved from
http://press.assoc.com/View/2010
Social Media Video (American Psychological Association, 2011) American Psychological Association. (2011, September 19).
This is psychology: Family caregivers [Video file]. Retrieved
from
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=1015030339656
3992&set=vb.290103137578
Social media photo (with (Nat Geo Photography, 2015) Nat Geo Photography. (2015, February 24). Top shot: Baboons
caption) in black and white [Photograph]. Retrieved from
https://twitter.com/search?q=national%20geographic%20
&src=typd
Social media graphic (United Nations, 2015) United Nations. (2015, February 20). [7,105 Living Languages
(without caption) in the World] [Infographic]. Retrieved from
https://twitter.com/UN/media
Social media (personal A.A. Manurung (personal communication, (no reference list entry for personal communications)
communication) January 5, 2015) stated that…
Facebook page (British Council Indonesia, n.d.) British Council Indonesia. (n.d.). Timeline [Facebook page].
Retrieved February 24, 2015, from
https://www.facebook.com/BritishCouncilIndonesia?ref=b
r_tf
Individual Tweet (Obama, 2015) Obama, B. [BarackObama]. (2015, February 15). “Nothing will
 determine our success as a nation in the 21st century more
than how well we educate our kids.” Ofa.bo/a2oy [Tweet].
Retrieved from https://twitter.com/BarackObama
Group Tweet (United Nations, 2015) United Nations [UN]. (2015, February 24). Learning in your
mother tongue can help reduce illiteracy.@EFAReport says
Mexico uses 45 languages to teach wp.me/pDwCk-1qJ
[Tweet] Retrieved from
https://twitter.com/UN/status/570026652408930306

Google+ (Cornell University, 2012) Cornell University. (2012, October 11). Having a cup of coffee
before closing your eyes is the most effective way to
combat daytime drowsiness, according to research.
Sounds counterintuitive, but it takes 20 minutes for the
caffeine to get into your bloodstream. So if you take
[Google+ post]. Retrieved from
https://plus.google.com/116871314286286422580/posts/
NqCFGr4eveT