RANDOM SAMPLING

Description/Overview Statement of the Course: Grade 11: Statistics and Probability

Content Standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of sampling and
sampling distributions of the sample mean.
Performance Standards: The learner is able to apply suitable sampling and sampling
distributions of the sample mean to solve real-life problems in different disciplines.
Learning Competency: Illustrate random sampling.
Materials: Powerpoint Presentation, Laptop, Worksheets, and Self-Learning Module.
Resources:
 Simple Random Sample Definition. (n.d.). Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/simple-random-sample.asp#:~:text=An
%20example%20of%20a%20simple
 Random Sampling (Definition, Types, Formula & Example). (n.d.). BYJUS.
https://byjus.com/maths/random-sampling/
 Fleetwood, D. (2018, May 30). Simple Random Sampling: Definition and Examples.
QuestionPro. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/simple-random-sampling/
 Taylor, S. (2023, March 6). Random Sampling. Corporate Finance Institute.
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/data-science/random-sampling/
 Thomas, L. (2020, August 28). An introduction to simple random sampling. Scribbr.
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/
 Qualtrics. (2022). Simple random sampling: Definition, examples, & how to do it.
Qualtrics AU. https://www.qualtrics.com/au/experience-management/research/simple-
random-sampling/
Specific Objectives:
After completion of this lesson, students, with 85% accuracy should be able to:
- define what is random sampling by sharing ideas with the class
- craft examples of the different types of random sampling by answering an activity
worksheet
- show confidence in identifying the different types of random sampling by participating
in think-group-share activity; and
- display an appreciation of the importance of random by applying it to research.
Time-Allotment: 60 minutes
Teaching Plan
Engage: 5 minutes
(The activities in section will stimulate their View a video where random sampling is used in
thinking and help them access and connect research.
prior knowledge as a jumpstart to the
present to the present lesson.)
Explore: 15 minutes
(In this section, students are given time to
think, plan, investigate and organize
collected information; or the performance of
the planned/ prepared activities from the
student’s laboratory manual through data
gathering with Guide Questions.)
Teaching Strategy: Video Presentation
Activity: Types of Random Sampling
Teaching Strategy: Problem-Based Learning
Materials: Activity worksheet, pens, paper
Instructions:
1) Distribute the activity worksheet with
scenarios requiring students to identify the type
of random sampling used.
Lottery Sampling: Imagine a town with
1,000 households, and researchers want
to conduct a survey on household
income. In lottery sampling, each
household is assigned a unique number,
and a subset of these numbers is
randomly drawn, perhaps through a
randomized computer program. The
selected households become the
participants in the survey, providing a
fair representation of the entire town's
income distribution.
Systematic Sampling: Consider a
factory with 500 employees where
systematic sampling is applied to assess
job satisfaction. Employees are listed in
alphabetical order, and every 10th
person on the list is selected. For
example, if the first person selected is
the 5th on the list, then every 10th
person after that (15th, 25th, and so on)
is included in the sample. This ensures a
systematic and evenly spaced
representation of employees.
Stratified Sampling: In a university with
10,000 students, stratified sampling
 might be used to understand study
habits. Students are first divided into
strata based on their academic majors
(e.g., science, humanities, business).
Then, a random sample is taken from
each stratum based on its proportion to
the total population. This ensures that
each major is adequately represented in
the study.
Cluster Sampling: Picture a city with 50
neighborhoods, and researchers want to
assess healthcare access. In cluster
sampling, a few neighborhoods
(clusters) are randomly selected. Then,
all households within these chosen
clusters are included in the study. This
method simplifies data collection and is
cost-effective, especially when studying
large geographical areas.
Multi-stage Sampling: For a nationwide
opinion poll on environmental issues,
multi-stage sampling might be
employed. First, states are randomly
chosen, then cities within those states,
and finally households within those
cities. This multi-stage approach allows
researchers to gather diverse opinions
from various geographic levels,
providing a comprehensive
understanding of public sentiment on
environmental concerns.
2) In groups, discuss and solve the worksheet,
ensuring each member participates actively.
3) Rubric - Correct identification (5 pts),
Explanation of rationale (5 pts)

Assessment Questions:
1. What is the main difference between
stratified sampling and cluster sampling?
The main difference between stratified
 sampling and cluster sampling lies in their
sampling unit. Stratified sampling divides the
population into distinct subgroups (strata) based
on specific characteristics, and random samples
are taken independently from each stratum. In
contrast, cluster sampling involves dividing the
population into clusters or groups, with entire
clusters randomly selected for inclusion in the
study.
2. How does systematic sampling differ from
simple random sampling?
Systematic sampling differs from simple
random sampling in its method of selection.
Simple random sampling involves randomly
selecting individual items from a population
with equal probability, while systematic
sampling selects every kth item from a list after
a random start. This method assumes no hidden
pattern in the list but requires a starting point,
offering efficiency over complete randomness.
3. Why is random sampling crucial in research
studies?
Random sampling is crucial in research studies
for several reasons. It ensures
representativeness by giving each member of
the population an equal chance of being
included, enhancing the generalizability of
findings to the larger population. Random
sampling minimizes bias, reducing the risk of
over- or under-representation of specific groups
and leading to more reliable research results.
Additionally, random sampling allows for the
application of statistical methods, facilitating
valid inferences about the population based on
sample characteristics and supporting robust
scientific conclusions.

Explain: 20 minutes Teaching Concept: Discussion

(In this section, students are involved in an Engage students in a class discussion where
analysis of their exploration. Their
understanding is clarified and modified
because of reflective activities and analysis
of the gathered data and results and should
be able to answer the Guide Questions
leading to the focus concept or topic for the
day.)
Elaborate: 5 minutes
(This section will give students the
opportunity to expand and solidify/
concretize their understanding of the
concept and/or apply it to a real-world
situation
they share their understanding of random
sampling, ask questions, and clarify any
misconceptions. (See attached Self-Learning
Module – DepEd)
Teaching Strategy: Class Sharing
Question 1: What is random sampling?
Random sampling is a method of selecting a
subset of individuals or items from a larger
population in such a way that each member of
the population has an equal chance of being
included. It is a process that introduces chance
and helps ensure the representativeness of the
chosen sample, minimizing bias and supporting
valid statistical inferences about the entire
population.
Question 2: Explain how random sampling is
applied in opinion polls and market research.
In opinion polls and market research, random
sampling is crucial for obtaining unbiased and
representative insights. Researchers start by
defining the target population, such as
registered voters or potential consumers. Using
random sampling techniques, they then select a
subset of individuals from this population

Evaluate: 10 minutes
(This section will provide opportunities for
concept check, test items and answer key
which are aligned to the learning objectives
– content and performance standards and
address misconceptions, if any.)
without any specific pattern, ensuring that every
eligible participant has an equal chance of being
included. This approach helps prevent the
introduction of bias and allows the collected
data to be generalized to the entire population,
providing a more accurate reflection of public
opinion or consumer behavior.
Teaching Concept: Worksheet Activity
INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, give
one situation where each of the sampling
methods is being applied.
1. Lottery Sampling:
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2. Systematic Sampling:
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3. Stratified Random Sampling
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4. Cluster Sampling
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5. Multi-stage sampling

______________________________________
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Expected Answer:
Lottery Sampling:
 Example 1: In a customer feedback
survey, a company randomly selects
participants from a list of recent
purchasers by assigning each customer a
unique number and drawing entries for
participation.
 Example 2: For a social media contest,
organizers use lottery sampling to
randomly pick winners from the pool of
eligible participants who have entered
the competition.
Systematic Sampling:
 Example 1: In a product quality check, a
factory inspects every 10th item on the
production line to ensure a systematic
assessment of the overall manufacturing
process.
 Example 2: A market researcher selects
every 5th household from a city
directory to conduct systematic
sampling in a study on consumer
preferences.
Stratified Sampling:
 Example 1: In an academic performance
 study, researchers divide students into
strata based on their GPA (e.g., high,
medium, low) and then randomly select
participants from each stratum for a
comprehensive analysis.
 Example 2: When studying a
population's dietary habits, health
researchers use stratified sampling by
categorizing individuals based on age
groups and selecting random samples
from each age category.
Cluster Sampling:
 Example 1: In a wildlife conservation
study, researchers randomly select
specific geographic areas (clusters) and
then survey all species within those
chosen regions to assess biodiversity.
 Example 2: A social science researcher
interested in urban development uses
cluster sampling by randomly selecting
neighborhoods and surveying all
households within those selected
clusters.

Multi-stage Sampling:
 Example 1: For a nationwide health
survey, researchers employ multi-stage
sampling by first randomly selecting
states, then randomly selecting cities
within those states, and finally selecting
households within those cities.
 Example 2: In an educational
assessment, researchers use multi-stage
sampling by randomly selecting schools
in a district, classrooms within those
schools, and then students within those
classrooms for a comprehensive study.

Assignment: 5 minutes Analyze a research article and identify the type

of random sampling used, explaining its
relevance to the study.