PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED MINERALS

Magnetic Response ElectrostaticResponse

Mineral Composition SpecificGravity F P NM C NC

Actinolite Ca(Mg,Fe)5[SiO
2 4 112
](OH) 2 3.0-3.2 X X
Albite Na[AlSiO] 3 8
2.6 X X
Almandine F e3A l2[ S i O4 ]3 4.3 X X
Amphibole (Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO x 3
2.9-3.5 X X
Anatase TiO 2 3.9 X X
Andalusite AlSiO
2 5 3.2 X X
Andradite 3CaO•FeO•3SiO 2 3 3
3.8 X (2) X
Anhydrite CaSO4 3 X X
Ankerite Ca(Mg,Fe)[CO] 3 2
2.9-3.1 X X
Apatite ( F1 C l1O H ) C a5 ( P O4 )3 3.2 X X
Aragonite CaCO3 3 X X
Arsenopyrite FeAsS 5.9-6.2 X (1) X
Asbestos M g3[ S 2i O ]5 ( O H )4 2.4-2.5 X X
Augite Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)[(Si,Al)O] 2 6
3.2-3.5 X X (1)
Azurite Cu[CO](OH)
3 3 2 2 3.8 X X
Baddeleyite ZrO 2 5.6 X X
Barite BaSO4 4.5 X X
Bastnaesite (Ce,La,F)CO 3 5 X X
Bauxite A 2l O3 • 2 H2 O 2.6 X X
Beryl B e3 A 2l [ S6 i O 18
] 2.7-2.8 X X
Biotite K(Mg,Fe)[SiAlO 3 3 10
](OH,F) 2 3.0-3.1 X (4)
Bismuth Bi 9.8 X X
Borax N a2 B4O 7• 1 0 H2 O 1.7 X X
Bornite CuFeS5 4 4.9-5.0 (1) X X
Brannerite (UO,TiO,UO)TiO 2 3
4.5-5.4 X X
Brookite TiO 2 4.1 X X
Calcite CaCO3 2.7 X X
Carnotite K2( U O2 ) 2V 2O8• 2 H2 O 5 X (2) X
Cassiterite SnO 2 7 X X
Celestite SrSO4 4 X X
Cerussite PbCO3 6.6 X (2) X
Chalcocite C u2 S 5.5-5.8 X X
Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 4.1-4.3 (1) X X
Chlorite (Mg,Al,Fe)[(Si,Al)O12 8 20
](OH) 1 6 2.6-3.2 X X
Chromite (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Al)O 2 4
4.6 X X
Chrysocolla CuSiO•nHO 3 2
2.0-2.3 X X
Cinnabar HgS 8.1 X X
Cobalitite (Co,Fe)AsS 6.0-6.3 X X
Colemanite C a2 B6 O11• 5 H2 O 2.4 X X
Collophanite C a3 P2 O8 • H2 O 2.6-2.9 X (3)
Columbite (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)O 2 6 5.2-8.2 X X
Copper Cu 8.9 X X
Corundum A l2 O 3 3.9-4.1 X X
Covellite CuS 4.7 X X
Cryolite NaAIF3 6
3 X (2) X
Cuprite C u2 O 5.8-6.2 X X
Diamond:(natural) C 3.5 X X
Diamond:(synthetic) C 3.5 X X
Diopside C a M g [ S2i O6 ] 3.3-3.4 X (1) X
Dolomite CaMg(CO) 3 2 1.8-2.9 X X
Epidote Ca(Al,Fe)SiO(OH)
2 3 3 12
3.4 X X
Euxenite (Y,Er,Ce,La,U)(Nb,Ti,Ta) 2 4.7-5.2 X X
FeldsparGroup (K,Na,Ca..)(Al,Si)O x 3 8
2.6-2.8 X X
Ferberite FeWO4 7.5 (1) X X
Flint SiO 2 2.6 X X
Fluorite CaF2 3.2 X X
Franklinite (Zn,Mn)FeO 2 4
5.1-5.2 X X
Gahnite Z n A 2l O4 4.6 X X
Galena PbS 7.5 X X
Garnet ComplexCa,Mg,Fe,MnSilicates 3.4-4.3 X (1) (2) X
Gibbsite Al(OH)3 2.4 X X
Geothite HFeO2 4.3 X (2) X
Gold Au 15.6-19.3 X X
Graphite C 2.1-2.2 X X
Grossularite C a3A l2( S i O4 )3 3.5 X (2) X
Gypsum C a S O4 • 2 H2 O 2.3 X X
Halite NaCl 2.5 X (2) X
Hematite F e2O3 5.2 X X
Hornblende CaNa(Mg,Fe)(Al,Fe
2
2+
4
3+
) 3.1-3.3 X (2) X
Huebnerite MnWO4 6.7-7.5 X (1) X
Hypersthene (Mg,Fe)SiO3 3.4 X X
Ilmenite FeTiO3 4.7 X X
Ilmenorutile (Nb 2 O5,TaO)TiO 2 5 x 2
5.1 X X
Ilvaite CaFe(FeOH)(SiO)
2 4 2
4 X X (1)
Kaolinite A l2 S i2O (5 O H ) 4 2.6 X X
Kyanite A l2 O [ S i O4 ] 3.6-3.7 X X
Lepidolite (OH,F)KLiAlSiO
2 2 3 10
2.8-2.9 X X
Leucoxene FeTiO3 TiO(AlterationProduct)
2
3.6-4.3 X (1) X
Limonite HFeO·nHO 2 2
2.2-2.4 X (1) (2) X
6100P HILIPS HIGHWAY-JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA 32216USA-TEL :+1(904)353-3681-FAX:+1(904)353-8705-WWWOUTOKUMPUCOMMINTECPHYSICALSEPARATIONHTM
. . / / .

Magnetic Response ElectrostaticResponse

Mineral Composition SpecificGravity F P NM C NC

Magnesite MgCO 3 3 X X
Magnetite F e3 O4 5.2 X X
Malachite CuCO(OH)
2 3 2
4 X X
Manganite MnO(OH) 4.3 X (1) X
Marcasite FeS 2 4.6-4.9 (1) X X
Martite (SeeHematite) .
Microline K A l S3i O8 2.6 X X
Microlite C a2T a2 O7 (SeePyrochlore) 5.5 X X
Millerite NiS 5.2-5.6 X X
Molybdenite MoS 2 4.7-5.0 X X
Monazite (Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4 4.9-5.5 X X
Mullite A l6 S 2i O13 3.2 X X
Muscovite KA[AlSiO][F,OH]
l2 3 10 2
2.8-3.0 X (4)
Nahcolite NaHCO3 2.2 X X
NephelineSyenite (Na,K)(AlSi)O 2 4
2.6 X X
Niccolite NiAs 7.6-7.8 X X
Olivine (Mg,Fe)[SiO] 2 4
3.3-3.5 X X
Orpiment A s2 S3 3.4-3.5 X X
Orthoclase K [ A l , S3 i O8 ] 2.5-2.6 X X
Periclase MgO 3.6 X X
Perovskite CaTiO3 4 X X
Petalite LiAl(SiO5) 2 2
2.4 X X
Phosphate(pebble) (SeeCollaphanite) .
Platinum Pt 14.0-21.5 (1) X X
Pyrite FeS 2 5 (1) X X
Pyrochlore (Na,Ca..)(Nb,Ta..)O[F,OH]
2 2 6
4.2-4.4 X X
Pyrolusite MnO 2 4.7-5.0 (1) X X
Pyrope M g3A l2( S i O4 )3 3.5 X (2) X
Pyroxene (Ca,Mg,Fe,Al)SiO 2 2 6
3.1-3.6 X (1) (2) X
Pyrrhotite F ex-1 S x 4.6-4.7 X X
Quartz SiO2 2.7 X (3)
Realgar AsS 3.6 X X
Rhodochrosite MnCO3 3.7 X (2) X
Rhodonite MnSiO3 3.6-3.7 X (2) X
Rutile TiO2 4.2-4.3 X (2)
Samarskite (Y,Er..)[Nb,Ta)O]
4 2 7 3
5.6-5.8 (1) X X
Scheelite CaWO4 6.1 X X
Serpentine M g6[ S4i O 1 0](OH) 8 2.5-2.7 X X
Siderite FeCO 3 3.9 X (2) X
Sillmanite A l2O [ S i O4 ] 3.2 X X
Silver Ag 10.1-11.1 X X
Smithsonite ZnCO 3 4.1-4.5 X X
Sodalite N a8[ A l6S i6 O2]4 C l 2 2.1-2.3 X X
Spessarite M n3A l2( S i O4 )3 4.2 X X
Sphalerite ZnS 3.9-4.0 X (1) X (1)
Sphene CaTi[SiO](F,OH) 4
3.3-3.6 X (2) X
Spinel M g A 2l O4 3.6 (1) X X (1)
Spodumene LiA(SiO) 3 2 3.1-3.2 X X
Stannite CuFeSnS
2 4
4.3-4.5 X X
Staurolite F e A l 4[ S 4i O1] 1O2 (2O H ) 2
2+
3.6-3.8 X (2) X
Stibnite(Antimonite) Sb2S3 4.6 X X
Struverite ( T a2 O5, N b2O5) Tx i O 2 5.1 X X
Sulphur S 2.1 X X
Sylvite KCI 2 X X
Talc M g3S i4 O 1 0(OH)2 2.7-2.8 X X
Tantalite (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)O 2 6
5.2-8.2 X X
Tapiolite Fe(Ta,Nb)O 2 6
7.3-7.8 X X
Tetrahedrite (Cu,Fe)1 2 S b4 S 13 5 X X
Thorianite ThO 2 9.7 X X
Thorite ThSiO 4 4.5-5.4 X X
Topaz AlSiO(F,OH)
2 4 2
3.5-3.6 X X
Tourmaline (Na,Ca)(Mg,Fe + 2,Fe +3,Al,Li) 3 A l6 ( B O3 )3S i6O (18O H ) 4 2.9-3.2 X (1) (1,2) X
Uraninite UO2 11 X X
3
Vermiculite M g3[ A l , S i O1]0 ( O H ) 2• n H2 O 2.4-2.7 X X
Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4 6.7-7.5 X X
Wollastonite CaSiO3 2.8-2.9 X X
Wulfenite PbMoO4 6.7-7.0 X X
Xenotime YPO 4 4.4-5.1 X X
Zeolite HydrousAlumino-SilicateusuallyofCaandNa 2.0-2.5 X X
Zincite ZnO 5.7 X (1) X
Zircon ZrSiO 4 4.7 X X

ExplanationofTable:
Themagneticandelectrostaticseparationcharacteristicslistedinthistablearebasedonseparationtestsmadein Outokumpu'slaboratory.
MagneticResponse isclassifiedas(1)ferromagnetic:attractiontoaconventionalpermanentmagneticseparatoratametricfluxdens ityoflesthan0.2Tesla(2,000gauss),
(2)paramagnetic: attractiontothemagneticzoneofahighintensitymagneticseparatoroperatingatgreaterthan0.2to2.0Tesla(2,000-20,000gauss),and(3)non-magnetic
ordiamagnetic: not-affectedorrepelledrespectivelyfromthemagneticforcedescribedin(2).
Electrostaticresponse isclassifiedas conductiveornon-conductivebasedonthesurfaceresistivityofamineral Generally,mineralswithasurfaceresistivityoflessthan
11 12
10 ohmswillreportas"conductors" usingstandardizedsettings onanelectrostaticseparator. Minerals w i t h a s u r f aceresistivityabove10 ohms willreportas"non-
conductors"undersimilarequipmentsettings.
Notes: (1)Variationsinresponsetomagneticandelectrostaticseparationwilloccurbasedontheactualcompositionofthemineralfromvaryinglocationsandthepresence
ofinclusions,(2)Theresponseofsomemineralscanbevariedbytreatmentatelevatedtemperature,i.e.rutilebecomesmoreconductiveattemperaturesgreaterthan200C,
(3)Triboelectric(contact)chargingcanbeusedtoselectivelychargecertainminerals;andthey,inturn,canbeattractedtoanelectrodeoftheoppositepolarity,i.e.quartz
fromcollophanite(pebblephosphate),(4)Theseparationofparticleswithapronouncedshapefactor(mica)canalsobeaccomplishedbytheuseofanon-uniformelectric
field(dielectrophoresis).