Printable Fastener Tools

Fastener Basics
Common Fastener Types Fastener Materials

Hex bolts, or hex cap screws, are used in machin- Note: Do not rely on this guide for color-matching.
ery and construction. Can be used with a nut, or The appearance of these materials sometimes differs
in a tapped hole. Fully threaded hex bolts are significantly from the photos below.
also known as tap bolts. Zinc-plated steel is a
Wood screws have large threads and a smooth low carbon steel for
shank for pulling two pieces of material general use. Relatively
together. They can be used in wood and other inexpensive, with the
soft materials. zinc plating providing
moderate corrosion
Sheet metal screws have sharp points and
resistance suitable for
threads, and are designed to be driven directly
indoors or otherwise dry
into sheet metal. They can also be used in softer
conditions. Color is
materials like plastic, fiberglass, or wood.
either a blue-ish tint or yellow depending on the
Machine screws are fully treaded for use with a exact process.
nut or in a tapped hole. Certain types are
Hot-dipped galvanized
sometimes referred to as stove bolts.
steel has a thicker zinc
Socket screws are machine screws with an coating for better
internal hex socket (Allen) drive. Longer lengths corrosion resistance,
may have a smooth shank. making it suitable for
Lag bolts, or lag screws, are large wood screws outdoor use. Because of the thick plating, only
with hex heads. Typically used for wood galvanized nuts and washers will fit galvanized
construction and landscaping. bolts. The coating typically has a rough, dull grey
finish.
Carriage bolts have smooth, domed heads with
a square section underneath that pulls into the Stainless steel offers
material to prevent spinning during istallation. good corrosion
resistance, making it
Nuts are used to fasten machine threaded suitable for outdoor and
fasteners in through-hole applications. Lock nuts marine applications, but
help prevent loosening. is more expensive than zinc plated.
Washers spread the load over a greater surface Chrome and nickel
area when tightening a bolt, screw or nut. Lock plated steel are smooth
washers help preventing loosening. and polished for
appearance. The plating
Tip: Find a more comprehensive fastener type chart at http://boltdepot.com/info offers moderate corro-
sion resistance.
Grade / Class and Fastener Strength Brass and bronze are

copper alloys with good
Fastener Grade (US) or Class (metric) refers to the mechanical properties corrosion resistance.
of the fastener material. Generally, a higher number indicates a stronger, More expensive than
more hardened (but also more brittle) fastener. steel, these materials are
For a chart of fastener grades, head markings and mechanical properties, see Bolt typically used for
Depot’s Grade markings and Strength Chart at http://boltdepot.com/info decorative applications.
Colors can vary signifi-
US bolt head markings Metric bolt head markings cantly.
Alloy steel is highly

hardened and usually
8.8 10.9 12.9
black oxide and/or oil
Grade 2 Grade 5 Grade 8 Class 8.8 Class 10.9 Class 12.9 coated, offering little
corrosion resistance.
Note: In addition to these markings, the head will often have a manufacturer stamp.
Page 1 Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

How Fasteners are Notated: An Example
Machine screws, Phillips pan head, Stainless steel 18-8, #12-24 x 1"
Fastener type Material Diameter Length

Thread Count (TPI)
Drive Types Head Styles Measuring Diameter

Phillips and Slotted Hex heads are typically used For most
drives are common in with larger bolts and screws, types of
Phillips screws, but prone to and tightened with a wrench. fasteners, the
cam-out (stripping). diameter is
Combo drives, that Pan heads have a slightly measured on
can be used with domed head that sits above the outside of
Frearson
either driver, are the surface. the threads.
available for many Flat heads are installed in a Note: US diameters under 1/4” are given as numbers
fastener types. countersunk hole for a flat (e.g. #12) instead of inches, in order of increasing size.
Pozidriv
Frearson and Pozidriv surface. If you need to find the actual diameter, use a table
are similar to Phillips, corresponding to your fastener type at
Round heads are tall domed http://boltdepot.com/info
but less prone to heads, used primarily for
Slotted cam-out. decorative purposes.
Hex socket (Allen) Oval heads are a low domed
Thread Count and Thread Pitch
drives are compact and countersunk heads, used Machine threaded fasteners specify a thread density
Combo and easy to drive, but in Threads Per Inch (US) or as a Thread Pitch in
primarily for decorative
prone to cam-out. purposes. mm (Metric).
Torx and Square drive Truss heads are slightly For a given diameter, a fastener may be available in
Hex socket are resistant to coarse (standard), fine and sometimes super fine
(Allen) domed, with a wide head for
cam-out and can be an extra large surface area. thread.
installed single-
Socket heads are narrow
handed.
Square with a socket drive, and Measuring Length
(Robertson) Note: Most drive types knurled or smooth sides.
(Frearson and Slotted Fastener length is
Button heads feature a usually measured from
being notable exceptions)
medium dome. Typically used where the material is
require the correct driver
Torx with a hex socket drive. assumed to be to the
size for proper installation.
end of the fastener.
Thus, countersunk fasteners
are measured overall and
Nut and Washer Sizes non-countersunk fasteners
Nut and washer sizes indicate the screw or bolt they fit. For example: are measured from under
the head.
3/8”-16 Hex Bolt 3/8” Washer 3/8” -16 Nut More Information
Different washer patterns have different outside At http://boltdepot.com/info you'll find:
diameters. For example, hardened US washers are
available in USS (wider) and SAE (narrower) patterns. • In-depth fastener info
Fender washers have large outside diameters. • Charts and tables
• Printable lay-over charts
and tools for quickly
identifying fastener sizes
and types
1/4” 1/4” 1/4” x 1”
SAE USS Fender • Much more...
Page 2 Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Fastener Type Chart
www.b oltdep ot.com/to ols
Fastener Categories
Wood Screws Machine Screws Thread Cutting Sheet Metal Screws

Screws with a smooth shank Screws with threads for use Machine Screws Fully threaded screws with a
and tapered point for use in with a nut or tapped hole. Machine screws with a thread point for use in sheet metal.
wood. Abbreviated WS Abbreviated MS cutting (self tapping) point. Abbreviated SMS
Self Drilling SMS Hex Bolts Carriage Bolts Lag Bolts

A sheet metal screw with a self Bolts with a hexagonal head Bolts with a smooth rounded Bolts with a wood thread and
drilling point. with threads for use with a nut head that has a small square pointed tip.
or tapped hole. Abbreviated section underneath. Abbreviated Lag.
HHMB or HXBT.
Socket Screws Set Screws Eye Bolts Eye Lags

Socket screws, also known as Machine screws with no head A bolt with a circular ring on Similar to an eye bolt but with
Allen Head, are fastened with a for screwing all the way into the head end. Used for wood threads instead of
hex Allen wrench. threaded holes. attaching a rope or chain. machine thread.
J-Bolts U-Bolts Shoulder Bolts Elevator Bolts

J shaped bolts are used for Bolts in U shape for attaching Shoulder bolts (also known as Elevator bolts are often used in
tie-downs or as an open eye to pipe or other round stripper bolts) are used to conveyor systems. They have a
bolt. surfaces. Also available with a create a pivot point. large, flat head.
square bend.
Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Fastener Categories (continued)
Sex Bolts Mating Screws Hanger Bolts

Sex bolts (a.k.a. barrel nuts or Mating screws have a Hanger bolts have wood
Chicago bolts) have a female shoulder that matches the thread on one end and
thread and are used for diameter of the sex bolts machine thread on the other
through bolting applications they are used with. end
where a head is desired on
both sides of the joint.
Head Styles
Flat Oval Pan Truss

A countersunk head with a flat A countersunk head with a A slightly rounded head with An extra wide head with a
top. rounded top. short vertical sides. rounded top.
Abbreviated FH Abbreviated OH or OV Abbreviated PN
Round Hex Hex Washer Slotted Hex Washer

A domed head. A hexagonal head A hex head with built in A hex head with built in
Abbreviated RH Abbreviated HH or HX washer. washer and a slot.
Socket Cap Button

A small cylindrical head using a A low-profile rounded head
socket drive. using a socket drive.

Drive Types
Phillips and Frearson Slotted Combination Socket, Hex or Allen

An X-shaped drive. A slot in the head. A combination of slotted and A hexagonal hole for use with
Abbreviated PH Abbreviated SL Phillips drives. an Allen wrench.
Abbreviated combo
One Way Square Torx

Installs with a normal slotted Also known as Robertson drive. A six-pointed star pattern,
driver but can not be removed Abbreviated SQ or SD. specifically designed to
without special tools. prevent cam-out and stripped
heads.
Washer Types
Flat Fender Finishing Split Lock

A flat washer, used to distribute An oversize flat washer used to A washer used to obtain a The most common style of
load. Available in SAE, USS and further distribute load ‘finished’ look. Usually used washer used to prevent nuts
other patterns. especially on soft materials. with oval head screws. and bolts from backing out.
External Tooth Lock Internal Tooth Lock Square Dock

A washer with external ‘teeth’. A washer with internal ‘teeth’. A square shaped washer. Dock washers have a larger
Used to prevent nuts and bolts Used to prevent nuts and bolts outside diameter and are
from backing out. from backing out. thicker than standard.
Ogee Sealing
Thick, large diameter, cast iron A soft neoprene washer
washers with a curved or bonded to a metal backing.
sculpted appearance. Typically Used to seal out air/water or
used in dock and wood dampen noise and vibration.
construction.

Nut Types
Hex Heavy Hex Nylon Insert Lock Jam

A six sided nut. Also referred to A heavier pattern version of a A nut with a nylon insert to A hex nut with a reduced
as a Finished Hex Nut. standard hex nut. prevent backing off. Also height.
referred to as a Nylock.
Nylon Insert Jam Lock Wing Cap Acorn

A nylock nut with a reduced A nut with ‘wings’ for hand A nut with a domed top over Acorn nuts are a high crown
height. tightening. the end of the fastener. type of cap nut, used for
appearance.
Flange Tee Square Prevailing Torque Lock

A nut with a built in washer A nut designed to be driven A four sided nut. A non-reversible lock nut used
like flange. into wood to create a threaded for high temperature applica-
hole. tions.
K-Lock or Kep Coupling Slotted Castle

A nut with an attached Coupling nuts are long nuts Slotted nuts are used in Castle nuts are used in
free-spinning external tooth used to connect pieces of conjunction with a cotter pin conjunction with a cotter pin
lock washer. threaded rod or other male on drilled shank fasteners to on drilled shank fasteners to
fasteners. prevent loosening. prevent loosening.

230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 mm
US and Metric For more printable tools and charts, see

Ruler
in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

cut or fold
IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, check the ruler (e.g. against the short side of a letter size paper - 8 ½ in - or
another ruler) to ensure correct scale. See boltdepot.com/tools for more details.
US and Metric Thread Sizes
US Thread Sizes Metric Thread Pitches
7 tpi 2.5 mm
8 tpi 2.0 mm
9 tpi 1.75 mm
10 tpi 1.5 mm
11 tpi 1.25 mm
12 tpi 1.0 mm
13 tpi 0.8 mm
14 tpi 0.7 mm
16 tpi
18 tpi
20 tpi
24 tpi
28 tpi
32 tpi
40 tpi
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale. See boltdepot.com/tools for more details.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Standard US Hex Bolt Sizes
and Thread Pitches
Coarse Thread Fine Thread
1/4” - 20 1/4” - 28
5/16” - 18 5/16” - 24
3/8” - 16 3/8” - 24
7/16” - 14 7/16” - 20
1/2” - 13 1/2” - 20
9/16” - 12 9/16” - 18
5/8” - 11 5/8” - 18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Standard US Machine Screw Sizes
#4 - 40
#12 - 24
#6 - 32
1/4” - 20
#8 - 32
5/16” - 18
#10 - 32
3/8” - 16
#10 - 24
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Sheet Metal Screw Sizes
Pan Oval
Flat
#4 Truss
#6
#8
#10
#12
#14
Fastener length is measured from where

Length the material surface is assumed to be, to Length
the end of the fastener.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
US Nut Size Chart
1/4" #12
5/16" #10
3/8" #8
#6
7/16"
#4
1/2"
5/8"
3/4"
Hex Jam Nylock Jam nylock
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
USS Flat Washer Size Chart
#10
1/4"
3/4"
7/8"
5/16"
5/8"
3/8" 1"
9/16"
Large USS Washer Sizes
Diameter
Size Inside Outside
1-1/8" 1-1/4" 2-3/4"
1-1/4" 1-3/8" 3"
1-3/8" 1-1/2" 3-1/4"
7/16" 1-1/2" 1-5/8" 3-1/2"
1-5/8" 1-3/4" 3-3/4"
1/2" 1-3/4" 1-7/8" 4"
2" 2-1/8" 4-1/2"
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
SAE Flat Washer Size Chart
#2
#4
5/8"
3/4"
#6
#8
9/16"
#10
7/8"
1/2"
#12
1/4" 7/16"
5/16" 3/8" 1"
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Socket Cap Size Chart
#2-56
1/4"-20
7/16"-14
1/4"-28
#4-40
7/16"-20
#6-32
5/16"-18
#8-32 1/2"-13
5/16"-24
1/2"-20
#10-24
3/8"-16
#10-32
9/16"-12
3/8"-24
Length
#12-24 Fastener length is measured from where

the material surface is assumed to be, to 9/16"-18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Socket Flat Head Size Chart
#2-56
1/4"-20
7/16"-14
#4-40 1/4"-28
7/16"-20
#6-32
5/16"-18
1/2"-13
#8-32
5/16"-24
1/2"-20
#10-24
3/8"-16
#10-32
5/8"-11
3/8"-24
Length
#12-24 Fastener length is measured from where

the material surface is assumed to be, to 5/8"-18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Socket Button Head Size Chart
#2-56
#12-24
3/8"-16
#4-40 3/8"-24
1/4"-20
1/4"-28
#6-32
1/2"-13
#8-32
5/16"-18
5/16"-24
#10-24 1/2"-20
Length

#10-32 the material surface is assumed to be, to
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Shoulder Bolt Size Chart
1/8"
#4-40 Thread 1/2"
3/8"-16 Thread
3/16"
#8-32 Thread
5/8"
1/4" 1/2"-13 Thread

#10-24 Thread
5/16"
3/4"
1/4"-20 Thread
5/8"-11 Thread
3/8"
5/16"-18 Thread
1"
Length
3/4"-10 Thread
Shoulder bolt size is determined by the diam-

eter and length of the shoulder.
NOTE: The smaller threaded section is the same length
and diameter for all shoulder bolts with the same
shoulder diameter.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Screw Eye Sizes
.225” wire
.365” wire
000
104
.331” wire
204
00
.192” wire
.307” wire
106
.264” wire
2
206
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
.160” wire
(continued)
.080” wire
14
110
8
.135” wire
114
210
8-1/2
214
210-1/2
108 214-1/2
.120” wire
208
.072” wire
211
215-1/2
.105” wire
208-1/2
12
.062” wire
216
112
.148” wire
216-1/2
9
212
.056” wire
212-1/2
.135” wire
217-1/2
.092” wire
10
213-1/2
Standard Metric Hex Bolt Sizes
and Thread Pitches
(Note: Head sizes may differ from what is shown due to differences between metric standards)
4mm x 0.7mm
10mm x 1.25mm 14mm x 2.0mm
5mm x 0.8mm
10mm x 1.0mm
6mm x 1.0mm
14mm x 1.5mm
7mm x 1.0mm
12mm x 1.75mm
8mm x 1.25mm
16mm x 2.0mm
12mm x 1.5mm
8mm x 1.0mm
10mm x 1.5mm 12mm x 1.25mm 16mm x 1.5mm
Measure length from under the mm 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

head to the end of the bolt.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Standard Metric Machine Screw Sizes
4mm x 0.7mm 6mm x 1.0mm
Length
5mm x 0.8mm 8mm x 1.25mm
Length
For Pan Head - Measure length

from under the head to the end of
the screw. mm 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
For Flat Head - Measure length

from the top of the head to the
end of the screw.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Metric Nut Size Chart
2mm
4mm wrench
2.5mm
5mm wrench
3mm 20mm
5.5mm wrench
30mm wrench
4mm
7mm wrench
5mm
8mm wrench
18mm
27mm wrench
6mm
10mm wrench
8mm 16mm
13mm wrench 24mm wrench
10mm
17mm wrench
14mm
22mm wrench
Hex Jam Nylock
12mm
19mm wrench
Hex Jam Nylock
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Metric Shoulder Bolt Size Chart
6mm 12mm
5mm x 0.8 Thread
10mm x 1.5 Thread
8mm
16mm
6mm x 1.0 Thread
12mm x 1.75 Thread
Length
10mm
8mm x 1.25 Thread

20mm
16mm x 2.0 Thread
Shoulder bolt size is determined by the diam-

eter and length of the shoulder.
NOTE: The smaller threaded section is the same length
and diameter for all shoulder bolts with the same
shoulder diameter.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Metric Socket Cap Size Chart
4mm x 0.7
10mm x 1.5
14mm x 2.0
5mm x 0.8
10mm x 1.25
14mm x 1.5
6mm x 1.0
10mm x 1.0
8mm x 1.25
16mm x 2.0
12mm x 1.75
8mm x 1.0
Length

the material surface is assumed to be, to 12mm x 1.5
16mm x 1.5
12mm x 1.25
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Metric Socket Flat Head Size Chart
3mm x 0.5
10mm x 1.5 12mm x 1.75

4mm x 0.7
10mm x 1.25
5mm x 0.8 12mm x 1.5
6mm x 1.0
10mm x 1.0 12mm x 1.25
8mm x 1.25
8mm x 1.0 Fastener length is measured from where

the material surface is assumed to be, to
Length the end of the fastener.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
Metric Socket Button Head Size Chart
4mm x 0.7
10mm x 1.5
12mm x 1.75
5mm x 0.8
10mm x 1.25
12mm x 1.5
6mm x 1.0
10mm x 1.0
12mm x 1.25
8mm x 1.25
8mm x 1.0
the material surface is assumed to be, to
Length the end of the fastener.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches

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Fastener Basics

Common Fastener Types Fastener Materials

Grade / Class and Fastener Strength Brass and bronze are

Alloy steel is highly

Page 1 Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Fastener type Material Diameter Length

Drive Types Head Styles Measuring Diameter

Page 2 Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Wood Screws Machine Screws Thread Cutting Sheet Metal Screws

Self Drilling SMS Hex Bolts Carriage Bolts Lag Bolts

Socket Screws Set Screws Eye Bolts Eye Lags

J-Bolts U-Bolts Shoulder Bolts Elevator Bolts

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Sex Bolts Mating Screws Hanger Bolts

Flat Oval Pan Truss

Round Hex Hex Washer Slotted Hex Washer

Socket Cap Button

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Phillips and Frearson Slotted Combination Socket, Hex or Allen

One Way Square Torx

Flat Fender Finishing Split Lock

External Tooth Lock Internal Tooth Lock Square Dock

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Hex Heavy Hex Nylon Insert Lock Jam

Nylon Insert Jam Lock Wing Cap Acorn

Flange Tee Square Prevailing Torque Lock

K-Lock or Kep Coupling Slotted Castle

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

US and Metric For more printable tools and charts, see

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

US Thread Sizes Metric Thread Pitches

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Coarse Thread Fine Thread

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Fastener length is measured from where

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Hex Jam Nylock Jam nylock

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

5/16" 3/8" 1"

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

#12-24 Fastener length is measured from where

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

#12-24 Fastener length is measured from where

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Fastener length is measured from where

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

1/4" 1/2"-13 Thread

Shoulder bolt size is determined by the diam-

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

10mm x 1.5mm 12mm x 1.25mm 16mm x 1.5mm

Measure length from under the mm 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

4mm x 0.7mm 6mm x 1.0mm

5mm x 0.8mm 8mm x 1.25mm

For Pan Head - Measure length

For Flat Head - Measure length

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

Hex Jam Nylock

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bolt Depot Inc.

12mm x 1.75 Thread

8mm x 1.25 Thread

16mm x 2.0 Thread